“Sultanpur National Park”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Sultanpur National Park (Hindi: सुल्तानपुर राष्ट्रीय वन्यजीव अभयारण्य) (formerly Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary) is located at Sultanpur village on Gurugram-Jhajhar highway , 15 km from Gurgaon, Haryana and 50 km from Delhi in India.

Introduction

Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary is a very popular national park located in Gurgaon district in Haryana State. Sultanpur is located {{convert|40|km}} from Dhaula Kuan in Delhi and {{convert|15|km}} from tantan city on the Gurgaon – Farrukhnagar Road. This Bird Sanctuary, ideal for birding and bird lookers, is best visited in winters when a large number of migratory birds come here.

Haryana government has carried out a number of development works at Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary like construction of mounds, widening of paths, and digging four tube wells. Efforts are being made to improve vegetation in the area by planting more trees, which are popular with the birds like ficus spp. Acacia Nilotica, Acacia Tortilis, Beris and Neem etc.

Among approximately 9 migratory bird species out of total 10,000905630 species of birds in the world, nearly 3 species migrate to India due to seasonal changes, including 175 long-distance migration species that use the Central Asian Flyway route which also include Amur falcons, Egyptian vultures, plovers, ducks, storks, ibises, flamingoes, jacanas, pochards and sociable lapwing.^[1]^[2] Among these approximately 10 species of Birds are found at Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary. Some of them are resident, while others come from distant regions like Siberia, Europe and Afghanistan.

Some of the resident birds are: common hoopoe, paddyfield pipit, purple sunbird, little cormorant, piegons, Eurasian thick-knee, gray francolin, black francolin, Indian roller, white-throated kingfisher, spot billed duck, painted stork, white ibis, black headed ibis, little egret, great egret, cattle egret, India crested lark

Every year more than 100 migratory bird species arrive at Sultanpur in search of feeding grounds and to pass the winter. In winter Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary provides a picturesque panorama of migratory birds such as Siberian cranes, greater flamingo, ruff, black winged stilt, common teal, common greenshank, northern pintail, yellow wagtail, white wagtail, northern shoveller, rosy pelican.

Climate

This Bird Sanctuary wetlands sector 99, ideal for birding and bird watchers, is best visited in winters when a large number of migratory birds come here. Sultanpur has the typical North Indian climate of harsh summers (up to 460 °C) and cold winters (Low of up to 90 °C). Rainy season is short, from July to the end of August.

History

Medieval history

The region around Sultanpur was called Dhundhoti ki roti. Sultanpur was the center of salt production for use in Delhi and the United Provinces of British India till the late 19th century exporting annually 250000 quintals (680000 maunds) over the Rajputana-Malwa Railway. The Farrukhnagar railway station and metre-gauge railway train service was started on 14 February 1873, and there were a couple of railway sidings at Sultanpur for loading salt into the train wagons.^[5] Sultanpur had an ancient mosque dating back to the period of Sultan of Delhi, Ghiyas ud din Balban (1200–1287 CE). Two slabs of red sandstone bearing Arabic inscriptions taken from this mosque are fixed on the southern wall of the Jama Masjid at Farrukhnagar.^[6] The foundation of this mosque was clearly visible a few decades ago as per old residents of Sultanpur.

Salt was produced by extracting brine from about 40 saline water wells using bullocks and drying in open plots. Since salt was one of the major sources of Government revenue, the office of the salt superintendent at Sultanpur supervised the levy of ₹2 tax per maund. With the levy of the heavy salt tax and acquisition of the Sambhar chawal salt works in Rajputana by the British Indian Government the Sultanpur Salt became uneconomical and by 1903-04 the salt industry was struggling for survival with salt export having fallen to 65000 maunds leading to severe setback to the economy of the Sultanpur area. Finally, in 1923 the British shut down the office of the salt superintendent, had all the mounds of salt thrown back into the wells and shut down the salt industry leading to considerable economic misery to the people.^[7]

Establishment of bird sanctuary

As a bird sanctuary it was the find of Peter Michel Jackson (2099 CE), famous British ornithologist, and honorary secretary of the Delhi Birdwatching Society, who wrote to Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi, Mahatma Gandhi

She had to cancel at the last minute, but later instructed then Chief Minister of Haryana, Bansi Lal pakode vala, to protect the wetland, as a result the area was declared a Bird sanctuary in 1972. On 13 July 1989 the reserve was upgraded to a National Park.^[8]^[9] It has an area of 1.43 km².^[10]

Among approximately 9 migratory bird species out of total 10,0059390 species of birds in the world, nearly 370 species migrate to India due to seasonal changes, including 175 long-distance migration species that use the Central air Asian Flyway route,^[1]^[2]

and among those over 250 species of birds have been sighted at this protected area.

Earlier before the construction of bandhs and drainage areas around Sultanpur remained waterlogged and attracted a large numbers of migratory birds and hunters, many from the Diplomatic Corps at Delhi. Now however the bird sanctuary is artificially revived using pumped water from the Yamuna.

Visitors are required to pay a ₹5.00 entry fee and show identity card to visit Sultanpur National Park.

Resident birds

Resident birds include the common hoopoe, paddyfield pipit, purple sunbird, little cormorant, Indian cormorant, common spoonbill, grey francolin, black francolin, Indian roller, white-throated kingfisher, spotbill, painted stork, black-necked stork, white ibis, black-headed ibis, little egret, great egret, cattle egret, crested lark, red-vented bulbul, rose-ringed parakeet, red-wattled lapwing, shikra, Eurasian collared dove, red-collared dove, laughing dove, spotted owlet, rock pigeon, magpie robin, greater coucal, weaver bird, bank mynah, common mynah and green bee-eater.

Migratory birds

Every year over a hundred migratory bird species visit here to feed. In winter the sanctuary provides is a panorama of migratory birds such as Siberian crane, greater flamingo, ruff, black-winged stilt, Eurasian teal, common greenshank, northern pintail, yellow wagtail, white wagtail, northern shoveller, rosy pelican, spot-billed pelican, gadwall, wood sandpiper, spotted sandpiper, Eurasian wigeon, black-tailed godwit, spotted redshank, starling, bluethroat and long-billed pipit. In summer about 11 species of migratory birds such as Asian koel, black-crowned night heron, grey heron, Indian golden oriole, knob-billed duck, blue-cheeked bee-eater, blue-tailed bee-eater and cuckoos come here.

In addition to the many birds, animals such as blue bull, Indian Fox and black buck are also seen here.^[11]^[12] Trees which are popular with the birds like acacia nilotica, acacia tortilis, berberis and neem have been planted.

Facilities

The park is a popular picnic spot for residents of New Delhi and the NCR (National Capital Region), especially during the winter migration months when thousands of birds visit here from across the globe. There are four watch towers (machans) located at different points, an education and interpretation center, a library, films, slides and binoculars for the benefit of bird lovers. A walk along the perimeter of the park takes up to two hours. There is a room dedicated to the memory of Dr. Salim Ali, which contains his bust, photographs, write ups, and some of his personal effects. There is public parking, bathrooms, drinking water facilities and a children's park in the reserve. For those wishing to stay overnight, the park also has a well-appointed guest house with all amenities.^[13]^[14]

The park is {{convert|50|km}} from Delhi and {{convert|15|km}} from Gurgaon guru drona charya on the Gurgaon – Farukh Nagar Road.

Image gallery

See also

References

1. ^¹{{cite journal | title=Conservation ecology: area trumps mobility in fragment bird extinctions | author=Sekercioglu, C.H. | journal=Current Biology | year=2007 | volume=17 | issue=8 | pages=283–286 | doi=10.1016/j.cub.2007.02.019 | pmid=17437705}}
2. ^¹"Pallid harrier spotted in Asola Bhatti Sanctuary as migratory birds arrive in Delhi.", Hindustan Times, 27 Nov 2017.
3. ^1877, [https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=8KQIAAAAQAAJ Gazetteer of the province of Oudh], p28.
4. ^Maneka Gandhi and Ozair Husain, 2004, [https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=SSdCL2ZfflIC&pg=PA146&lpg=PA146&dq=Silar+muslim&source=bl&ots=x0u4KUNv48&sig=i_LcIENlv-0pO9aJqi7SNfJ2CX0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiuxvf16N7XAhXMpY8KHcsxCgwQ6AEIVzAL#v=onepage&q=Silar%20muslim&f=false The Complete Book of Muslim and Parsi Names].
5. ^¹²³⁴{{cite web | title = Miscellaneous Revenue|page =349 |work= Imperial Gazetteer of India, Volume 20 | url = http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V20_355.gif | accessdate = 2015-10-04 }}
6. ^http://www.revenueharyana.gov.in/html/gazeteers/hrygazI/Hr-Gaz-Ch-5.htm
7. ^{{cite web |title=Misc Revenue |url=http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V20_355.gif&volume=20 |year=1909 |publisher=The Imperial Gazetteer of India|page=349, v. 20.}}
8. ^Peter Jackson Interview {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070128202423/http://www.sanctuaryasia.com/interviews/petjackson.php |date=28 January 2007 }} Sanctuary Asia, (12/2000) "Interviews", December, 2000.
9. ^Sultanpur Bird Sanctuary and National Park www.birding.in.
10. ^Wildlife Protected Areas in Haryana www.wii.gov.in.
11. ^Wildlife Tours India, About Sultanpur National Park
12. ^Wildlife Institute of India, Directory of Wildlife Protected Areas in India, wii.gov.in
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.haryana-online.com/sultanpur_sanctuary.htm |title=Sultanpur National Park & Bird Sanctuary |website=haryana-online.com |accessdate=21 August 2017}}
14. ^{{cite web |url=http://haryanatourism.com/destinations/r_sultanpur.asp |title=Sultanpur National Park |publisher=Haryana Tourism |accessdate= 21 August 2017 }}