“Fairmont, West Virginia”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Prior to the founding of Fairmont, the land that would become Marion County was part of Monongalia and Harrison County.^[4] In the 1700s, the earliest development of this area consisted of subsistence farming settlements.^[5] In 1789, Boaz Fleming, a Revolutionary War veteran, migrated to this area and purchased a 254-acre farm from Jonathan Bozarth. Oral history indicates that in 1808, Fleming made his annual trek to Clarksburg to pay his brother's Harrison County taxes.^[6] While in Clarksburg, Fleming attended a social gathering that included his cousin, Dolley Madison, wife of President James Madison. Fleming complained to Mrs. Madison about having to travel over a hundred miles each year from his home to pay his Monongalia County taxes and his brother's Harrison County taxes. Mrs. Madison supposedly suggested that he create his own county to save him all that travel. In 1814, Fleming circulated a petition to do precisely that, naming the proposed county Madison County, in honor of Dolley and James Madison.

Milford (now Rivesville^[7]) was the only town within the borders of Fleming's proposed county, so Fleming decided to make Milford the seat of Madison County.^[8] However, Milford's citizens preferred to remain part of Monongalia County. As a result, Fleming's petition failed to gain sufficient support to be presented to the Virginia General Assembly. Fleming then focused on creating a new town near his farm, which was located on the west side of the Monongahela River. In 1817, Fleming's sons—William and David—began to clear land on part of their father's farm to make way for the new town; this part of the farm would later become downtown Fairmont. In 1819, a road was built from Clarksburg to Morgantown. Fleming's new town was about halfway between the two cities, making it a good resting point. The town was incorporated as Middletown on January 19, 1820. It is unknown if the town was called Middletown because of its location midway between Clarksburg and Morgantown or because Fleming's first wife, Elizabeth Hutchinson, was originally from Middletown, Delaware.

The current borders of Marion County were established in 1842, and Middletown was named the county's seat. At that time, William Haymond, Jr. suggested that the town's name be changed to Fairmont because the town had a beautiful overlook of the Monongahela River, giving it a "fair mount." The Borough of Fairmont was incorporated in 1843 by the Virginia General Assembly.^[9]

Many of the first buildings in Fairmont were poorly constructed. By 1852—little more than 30 years after the city's founding—a large portion of Fairmont was reported to be run-down and dilapidated. Reports from 1873 indicate that these buildings had continued to fall into disrepair. On April 2, 1876, a fire destroyed a large portion of the city's business district, as well as many houses in the area. The continuing dilapidation of the city's buildings may have contributed to the fire; the large number of coal mines under Fairmont may have also played a role.

Between 1891 and 1901—in a span of only 10 years—Fairmont's population had increased from 1,000 to 7,000. The City of Fairmont was chartered in 1899; as a result of the charter, the city absorbed the surrounding towns of Palatine (also known as East Side) and West Fairmont. By 1901, Fairmont was an important commercial center. Many railroads—including the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad on its way from Cumberland, MD to Wheeling, WV—traveled through the city. By this time, Fairmont was also the leading center of the coal trade industry in northern West Virginia, employing some 10,000 workers in the coal mines around Fairmont.

Geography

The Tygart Valley River and the West Fork River join in Fairmont to form the Monongahela River. Buffalo Creek, a tributary of the Monongahela River, flows through the northern part of the city.^[10]

According to the US Army Corp of engineers, Fairmont, West Virginia, is the port city farthest from the ocean (2,085 miles) via an inland waterway.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of {{convert|9.00|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which, {{convert|8.62|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|0.38|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.^[11]

Climate

Fairmont has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfa) with very warm summers and freezing winters – although it is not uncommon during winter for warm air from the Gulf of Mexico to raise temperatures above {{convert|50|F|disp=or}}, which occurs on average six times each January and over eight in December and February. In contrast, when very cold air from Canada moves into West Virginia temperatures can go below {{convert|0|F|C|1|disp=or}}, which can be expected during 3.2 mornings each winter, but which occurred on twelve mornings during the extremely cold January 1977, whose average temperature of {{convert|16.0|F|disp=or}} was the coldest month on record by {{convert|4.0|F-change|disp=or}}. Despite the abundant precipitation throughout the year, the relative dryness of cold air means that most precipitation is rain even during the winter: the most snowfall in a month being {{convert|46.5|in|m|2}} is November 1950, and the most in a season {{convert|77.4|in|m|2}} between July 1950 and June 1951. The least snow in a season has been {{convert|12.0|in|m|2}} between July 1918 and June 1919, whilst the wettest calendar year has been 1956 with {{convert|58.12|in|mm|1}} and the driest – as with all of West Virginia – 1930 with {{convert|26.25|in|mm|1}}. The hottest temperature has been {{convert|108|F|C|1}} on August 8, 1918, and the coldest {{convert|−21|F|C|1}} on January 21, 1994.

{{weather box
| location = Fairmont, West Virginia (1971-2000; extremes since 1905)
| single line = y
| Jan record high F = 81
| Feb record high F = 79
| Mar record high F = 91
| Apr record high F = 95
| May record high F = 100
| Jun record high F = 103
| Jul record high F = 105
| Aug record high F = 108
| Sep record high F = 101
| Oct record high F = 93
| Nov record high F = 84
| Dec record high F = 75
| year record high F = 108
| Jan avg record high F = 63
| Feb avg record high F = 67
| Mar avg record high F = 77
| Apr avg record high F = 84
| May avg record high F = 86
| Jun avg record high F = 90
| Jul avg record high F = 92
| Aug avg record high F = 91
| Sep avg record high F = 88
| Oct avg record high F = 80
| Nov avg record high F = 74
| Dec avg record high F = 64
| year avg record high F = 93
| Jan high F = 37.9
| Feb high F = 42.1
| Mar high F = 52.7
| Apr high F = 63.7
| May high F = 72.5
| Jun high F = 79.9
| Jul high F = 83.3
| Aug high F = 82.1
| Sep high F = 75.6
| Oct high F = 64.6
| Nov high F = 52.8
| Dec high F = 42.4
| year high F = 62.5
| Jan low F = 20.4
| Feb low F = 21.9
| Mar low F = 29.6
| Apr low F = 38.4
| May low F = 48.6
| Jun low F = 56.7
| Jul low F = 61.1
| Aug low F = 59.6
| Sep low F = 53.1
| Oct low F = 41.5
| Nov low F = 33.4
| Dec low F = 25.5
| year low F = 40.8
| Jan avg record low F = −1
| Feb avg record low F = 3
| Mar avg record low F = 12
| Apr avg record low F = 23
| May avg record low F = 33
| Jun avg record low F = 42
| Jul avg record low F = 49
| Aug avg record low F = 48
| Sep avg record low F = 38
| Oct avg record low F = 26
| Nov avg record low F = 18
| Dec avg record low F = 6
| year avg record low F = −5
| Jan record low F = −21
| Feb record low F = −12
| Mar record low F = −10
| Apr record low F = 10
| May record low F = 24
| Jun record low F = 35
| Jul record low F = 42
| Aug record low F = 36
| Sep record low F = 29
| Oct record low F = 17
| Nov record low F = 1
| Dec record low F = −16
| year record low F = −21
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation inch = 3.45
| Feb precipitation inch = 2.95
| Mar precipitation inch = 4.07
| Apr precipitation inch = 3.59
| May precipitation inch = 4.85
| Jun precipitation inch = 4.24
| Jul precipitation inch = 4.92
| Aug precipitation inch = 4.18
| Sep precipitation inch = 3.51
| Oct precipitation inch = 3.03
| Nov precipitation inch = 3.68
| Dec precipitation inch = 3.38
| Jan precipitation days = 15.4
| Feb precipitation days = 12.6
| Mar precipitation days = 13.2
| Apr precipitation days = 13.7
| May precipitation days = 13.6
| Jun precipitation days = 12.3
| Jul precipitation days = 11.3
| Aug precipitation days = 11.1
| Sep precipitation days = 10.5
| Oct precipitation days = 10.2
| Nov precipitation days = 12.6
| Dec precipitation days = 14.3
| unit precipitation days = 0.01 inch
| Jan snow inch = 14.5
| Feb snow inch = 10.0
| Mar snow inch = 5.6
| Apr snow inch = 1.3
| May snow inch = 0.0
| Jun snow inch = 0.0
| Jul snow inch = 0.0
| Aug snow inch = 0.0
| Sep snow inch = 0.0
| Oct snow inch = 0.0
| Nov snow inch = 2.4
| Dec snow inch = 5.7
| Jan snow days = 7.1
| Feb snow days = 4.6
| Mar snow days = 2.6
| Apr snow days = 0.6
| May snow days = 0.0
| Jun snow days = 0.0
| Jul snow days = 0.0
| Aug snow days = 0.0
| Sep snow days = 0.0
| Oct snow days = trace
| Nov snow days = 1.5
| Dec snow days = 3.9
| year snow days = 20.3
| unit snow days = 0.1 inch
| |source 1 = NOAA^[12]
| |source 2 = NWS Pittsburgh (extremes)^[13]
}}

Transportation

Highways

Fairmont is located in the North-Central region of the state, along West Virginia's I-79 High Tech Corridor. Major highways include:

Airports

Demographics

2010 census

At the 2010 census,^[18] there were 18,704 people, 8,133 households and 4,424 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|2169.8|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 9,200 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1067.3|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 88.9% White, 7.5% African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.4% from other races, and 2.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.4% of the population.

There were 8,133 households of which 24.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.7% were married couples living together, 12.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 45.6% were non-families. 36.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.16 and the average family size was 2.83.

The median age was 36.8 years. 18% of residents were under the age of 18; 16.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25% were from 25 to 44; 24.4% were from 45 to 64; and 16.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.2% male and 51.8% female.

2000 census

At the 2000 census, there were 19,097 people, 8,447 households and 4,671 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,438.5 per square mile (941.7/km²). There were 9,755 housing units at an average density of 1,245.6 per square mile (481.0/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 90.16% White, 7.26% African American, 0.26% Native American, 0.61% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.20% from other races, and 1.49% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.82% of the population.

There were 8,447 households of which 21.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.2% were married couples living together, 11.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.7% were non-families. 36.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.16 and the average family size was 2.83.

18.4% of the population were under the age of 18, 14.9% from 18 to 24, 24.1% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 20.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.3 males.

The median household income was $25,628 and the median family income was $37,126. Males had a median income of $27,944 vand females $20,401. The per capita income was $16,062. About 12.6% of families and 20.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.0% of those under age 18 and 9.7% of those age 65 or over.

Local government

Fairmont has a Council-manager government, whereby the mayor serves as chairman of the city council and the city manager takes care of the day-to-day operations. The current mayor is Thomas "Tom" Mainella and the current interim city manager is Bruce McDaniel. ^[19]

Current City Council

Past Mayors

Landmarks

Fairmont Senior High School

Fairmont Senior High School (FSHS) is an historic secondary school, listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 22, 2002.^[21] Architect William B. Ittner, who is responsible for over three dozen entries in the National Register, designed the school in the late 1920s. The school's architectural classification is Colonial Revival, with a stone foundation, brick walls, and asphalt shingle roofing.

Fairmont State University

Fairmont State University is a public university with an approximate enrollment of 7,700 students. The institution offers master's degrees in business, education, teaching, criminal justice, and nursing, in addition to 90 baccalaureate and 50 associate degrees.

Originally named Fairmont Normal School, the college was located on the corner of Fairmont Avenue and Second Street and moved to its present location in 1917.^[22]

Pricketts Fort State Park

Pricketts Fort is a {{convert|22|acre|ha|1|adj=on}} West Virginia state park and site of an historic fort built to defend early European settlers from raids by Native Americans. The feuds were generally over territory the settlers appropriated following the Treaty of Fort Stanwix (1768).

Other

Notable people

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web|title=2017 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2017_Gazetteer/2017_gaz_place_54.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Mar 27, 2019}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=United States Geological Survey|date=2007-10-25}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |accessdate=2011-06-07 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archivedate=2011-05-31 |df= }}
4. ^{{Cite webpage |last=Burkett |first=Connie |title=Formation Timeline - Counties of Virginia |url=http://www.wvgenweb.org/marion/history/formline.html |website=Marion County WVGenWeb |date=2015 |accessdate=6 April 2016}}
5. ^{{Cite journal |author=West Virginia SHPO |title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Fleming-Watson Historic District |url=http://www.wvculture.org/shpo/nr/pdf/marion/01001330.pdf |format=PDF |date=November 29, 2001 |publisher=National Park Service}}
6. ^{{Cite journal |last=Dilger |first=Robert |title=The Early History of North-Central West Virginia |journal=The West Virginia Public Affairs Reporter |url=http://ipa.wvu.edu/r/download/43211 |format=PDF |date=2003 |publisher=Institute of Public Affairs |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=15–26 }}
7. ^{{cite book|last=Butcher|first=Bernard|title=Genealogical and Personal History of the Upper Monongahela Valley, West Virginia|url=https://books.google.com/?id=BN3IEGZANYUC&pg=PA514&lpg=PA514&dq=%22david+morgan%22+wv+milford#v=onepage&q=%22david%20morgan%22%20wv%20milford&f=false|year=1912|publisher=Clearfield Company|location=New York, NY|page=514|isbn=9780806348490}}
8. ^{{Cite webpage |last=Burkett |first=Connie |title=Fairmont, Marion County WV (history) |url=http://www.wvgenweb.org/marion/towns/fairmonthis.html |website=Marion County WVGenWeb |date=2015 |accessdate=6 April 2016}}
9. ^{{cite book|last=Kenny|first=Hamill|title=West Virginia Place Names: Their Origin and Meaning, Including the Nomenclature of the Streams and Mountains|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015009099824;view=1up;seq=264;size=125|year=1945|publisher=The Place Name Press|location=Piedmont, WV|page=236}}
10. ^{{cite book| title= West Virginia Atlas & Gazetteer |year=1997 |publisher= DeLorme |location=Yarmouth, Me. |isbn= 0-89933-246-3 |page= 25}}
11. ^{{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=2013-01-24 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64vfLAeJ2?url=http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archivedate=2012-01-24 |df= }}
12. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim20/wv/462920.pdf |title=Climatography of the United States NO.81 |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |accessdate=July 2, 2017 }}
13. ^{{Cite web |url=http://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=pbz |title=National Weather Service Forecast Office Pittsburgh, PA |publisher=National Weather Service |accessdate=July 2, 2017 }}
14. ^{{FAA-airport|ID=4G7|use=PU|own=PU|site=26637.1*A}}. Federal Aviation Administration. Effective May 31, 2012.
15. ^¹{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2017.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=March 24, 2018}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|author=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=August 27, 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6YSasqtfX?url=http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|archivedate=May 12, 2015|df=}}
17. ^{{cite web|title=Population Estimates|url=https://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2014/SUB-EST2014-3.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150522132816/http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2014/SUB-EST2014-3.html|dead-url=yes|archive-date=May 22, 2015|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=June 19, 2015 }}
18. ^¹{{cite web|title=American FactFinder|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2013-01-24}}
19. ^¹{{cite web |url=http://www.fairmontwv.gov/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=10 |title=The City of Fairmont - City Council |website=Web.archive.org |date= |accessdate=2017-06-30 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131221011734/http://www.fairmontwv.gov/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=10 |archivedate=2013-12-21 |df= }}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fairmontwv.gov |title=Fairmont, WV - Official Website | Official Website |website=Fairmontwv.gov |date= |accessdate=2017-06-30}}
21. ^{{NRISref|2008a}}
22. ^Images of America: Marion County by Thomas J. Koon
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/ivv/about/index.html |title=About IV&V | NASA |website=Nasa.gov |date= |accessdate=2017-06-30}}
24. ^{{cite news|first=|last=|title=Former Philly Councilwoman Augusta Clark Dies at 81 |url=http://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/news/local/Former-Philly-Councilwoman-Dies-at-81--227596251.html |work=WCAU |date=2013-10-14 |accessdate=2013-11-23}}
25. ^{{cite web |url=http://marylouretton.com/ml_biography.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-11-13 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100515182825/http://marylouretton.com/ml_biography.html |archivedate=2010-05-15 |df= }}

History