| 词条 | Supermarine Seagull (1948) | ||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Supermarine Seagull was a British amphibious, military flying boat and the last to be built by the Supermarine company. Design started during the Second World War but it did not fly until three years after the war had ended and the project was cancelled without it being adopted for service. DevelopmentIn October 1940, the British Air Ministry issued Specification S.12/40 to Supermarine and Fairey for a catapult-launched, amphibian, reconnaissance and spotter aircraft to replace the Supermarine Walrus and Supermarine Sea Otter.[1] An order for three prototypes of Supermarine's aircraft was issued in March 1943.[1] There was an interruption in design due to the necessity of moving the Supermarine design office, after the bombing of the facility at Woolston. Further delays were caused by the extensive wind tunnel testing that was needed and the change from a Rolls-Royce Merlin to the more powerful Rolls-Royce Griffon. Also, the design specification was changed in 1944 to a new requirement, S.14/44 (later S.14/44/2[1]) - the role of the aircraft being changed from ship-based reconnaissance and gunnery spotting to land-based Air-sea rescue.[2] This change removed the four-gun turret the design had featured.[3] The first prototype - Seagull serial PA143 - first took off on 14 July 1948 from Southampton Water, flown by test pilot Mike Lithgow.[6] The second aircraft - PA147 - flew in September 1949, and was used for carrier trials on {{HMS|Ark Royal|R09|6}} later in that year,[6] during which it demonstrated the capability to carry five passengers.[8] Experiments were also carried out with rocket assisted take-offs.[9] By the early 1950s, helicopters were taking over the air-sea rescue role. In 1952, the two completed prototypes and the partially built third aircraft, PA152, were scrapped.[4] DesignThe Seagull had an all-metal construction with a two spar parasol wing mounted on a pylon connecting it to the fuselage. The single engine, a Rolls-Royce Griffon drove contra-rotating propellers; radiators were mounted below the engine in the pylon. The rear of the pylon accommodated an observer's position with two windows. An eye bolt was fitted on the wing, behind the engine, so the aircraft could be easily lifted from the water by crane. The wings were fitted with slotted flaps and full length leading edge slats and could be folded for compact, ship-board stowage. They also had a variable angle of incidence, pivoting at the front spar and actuated by an electrically driven jackscrew attached to the rear spar. This arrangement reduced stalling speed and increased lift, allowing the aircraft to use a smaller wing – compactness being an important feature for a ship-borne aircraft.[1] Supermarine had tested this arrangement in the Type 322 and its capability was demonstrated when test pilot Mike Lithgow flew a Seagull at only {{convert|35|mph}}.[5] In July 1950, a Seagull, flown by Les Colquhoun[6] competing in the Air League Cup Race gained the air-speed record for amphibian aircraft over a {{convert|100|km|adj=on|0}} course, by flying at an average speed of {{convert|241.9|mph}}.[4] The hull was a normal frame and longeron design with chines. The tailplane, carried on top of the fin, had a very large dihedral, with smaller fins mounted on its tips perpendicular to its surface. A third fin was later added to the centre after testing of the first prototype had revealed an instability in yaw. This was added to the second prototype while it was still being constructed. The undercarriage retracted into bays on either side of the fuselage and could be easily removed, saving {{convert|180|kg|lb}} of weight when the aircraft was operating as a pure flying-boat.[7] The Seagull was also fitted with an arrestor hook for carrier landings; mounting points for JATO rockets were located just above the wheel wells. The crew normally consisted of three.[1] During air-sea rescue work, a Seagull would be able to accommodate a pilot, navigator and medic, plus up to seven survivors.[7] Operators
Specifications (Seagull ASR 1)(Performance estimated for 2,500 hp Griffon RG30SM) {{Aircraft specifications|plane or copter?=plane |jet or prop?=prop |ref=Dumbo and Seagull [8] |crew=3 |capacity=up to seven survivors (2 on bunks, one seated and four on "emergency stations" on floor) |payload main= |payload alt= |length main= 44 ft 1½ in |length alt= 13.46 m |span main= 52 ft 6 in |span alt= 16.0 m |span sweep= |height main= 15 ft 10½ in |height alt= 4.84 m |area main= 432 ft² |area alt= 40.13 m² |airfoil= |empty weight main= 10,510 lb |empty weight alt= 4,770 kg |loaded weight main= 14,500 lb |loaded weight alt= 6,587 kg |useful load main= |useful load alt= |max takeoff weight main= |max takeoff weight alt= |more general=Span with wings folded: 23 ft 6 in (7.17 m) |engine (prop)= Rolls-Royce Griffon 29 |type of prop= |number of props=1 |power main= 1,815 hp |power alt= 1,353 kW |power original= |propeller or rotor=propeller |propellers=2 Rotol contra-rotating three-bladed propellors |number of propellers per engine= |max speed main= 260 mph |max speed alt=226 knots, 418 km/h |max speed more=at 11,800 ft (3,599 m) |cruise speed main= 131 mph |cruise speed alt=114 knots, 211 km/h |cruise speed more= max range cruise |stall speed main= |stall speed alt= |never exceed speed main= |never exceed speed alt= |range main= 875 mi |range alt=761 nmi, 1,408 km |ceiling main= 23,900 ft |ceiling alt= 7,290 m |climb rate main= 1,515 ft/min |climb rate alt= 7.7 m/s |climb rate more=at 7,000 ft (2,133 m) |loading main= |loading alt= |thrust/weight= |power/mass main= |power/mass alt= |more performance= |armament= |avionics= }}{{Aircontent| |related = |similar aircraft = |lists = |see also = }} ReferencesNotes1. ^1 2 3 4 London 2003, p. 230. 2. ^Gunston 1976, pp. 620–621. 3. ^Andrews and Morgan 1981, p. 170. 4. ^1 2 London 2003, p. 232. 5. ^1 2 London 2003, p. 231. 6. ^{{cite magazine |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |year= |title=Here and There |magazine=Flight |volume= LVIII|issue= 2172 |date=10 August 1950 |page=104 |publisher= |doi= |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1950/1950%20-%201488.html |accessdate= }} 7. ^1 2 {{cite web | title = Vickers Supermarine Type 381 Seagull ASR-1 | url = http://www.letletlet-warplanes.com/2009/10/16/vickers-supermarine-type-381-seagull-asr-1/ | author= Nico Braas | publisher= Let Let Let Warplanes | date = 2009-10-16 | accessdate = 2009-10-21}}ppJATO 8. ^Burnet and Morgan 1982, p.251. Bibliography{{refbegin}}
External links{{commons category|Supermarine}}
8 : British military reconnaissance aircraft 1940–1949|Amphibious aircraft|Supermarine aircraft|Aircraft with contra-rotating propellers|Cancelled military aircraft projects of the United Kingdom|Single-engined tractor aircraft|Parasol-wing aircraft|Aircraft first flown in 1948 |
||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。