| 词条 | Svobodny, Amur Oblast |
| 释义 |
|en_name=Svobodny |ru_name=Свободный |image_skyline= |image_caption= |coordinates = {{coord|51|24|N|128|06|E|display=inline,title}} |map_label_position=right |image_coa=Coat of Arms of Svobodny (Amur oblast).png |coa_caption= |image_flag=Flag of Svobodny (Amur oblast).svg |flag_caption= |anthem= |anthem_ref= |holiday= |holiday_ref= |federal_subject=Amur Oblast |federal_subject_ref=[1] |adm_data_as_of=November 2013 |adm_city_jur=Svobodny Urban Okrug |adm_city_jur_ref=[1] |adm_ctr_of1=Svobodny Urban Okrug |adm_ctr_of1_ref=[1] |adm_ctr_of2=Svobodnensky District |adm_ctr_of2_ref=[1][5] |inhabloc_cat=Town |inhabloc_cat_ref=[1] |inhabloc_type= |inhabloc_type_ref= |mun_data_as_of=December 2004 |urban_okrug_jur=Svobodny Urban Okrug |urban_okrug_jur_ref=[7] |mun_admctr_of1=Svobodny Urban Okrug |mun_admctr_of1_ref=[7] |mun_admctr_of2=Svobodnensky Municipal District |mun_admctr_of2_ref=[5] |leader_title= |leader_title_ref= |leader_name= |leader_name_ref= |representative_body= |representative_body_ref= |area_of_what= |area_as_of= |area_km2= |area_km2_ref= |pop_2010census=58778 |pop_2010census_rank=281st |pop_2010census_ref=[1] |pop_density= |pop_density_as_of= |pop_density_ref= |pop_latest= |pop_latest_date= |pop_latest_ref= |established_date=1912 |established_title= |established_date_ref=[11] |current_cat_date= |current_cat_date_ref= |prev_name1=Alexeyevsk |prev_name1_date=1917 |prev_name1_ref=[11] |postal_codes=676450 |postal_codes_ref= |dialing_codes=41643 |dialing_codes_ref= |website=http://www.svobnews.amur.ru |website_ref= |date=May 2010 }} Svobodny ({{lang-ru|Свобо́дный}}) is a town in Amur Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Zeya River, {{convert|167|km|sp=us}} north of Blagoveshchensk, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: {{ru-census2010|58,778|;}} 63,889 (2002 Census);[2] {{su-census1989|80,006|.}} HistoryIt was founded in 1912 in conjunction with the construction of the Amur Railway[3] (the Trans-Siberian Railway's "bypass" route, which was to provide a railway connection from European Russia to the Pacific entirely over the Russian soil, without crossing the north-eastern China{{citation needed|date=May 2010}}). It was originally named Alexeyevsk ({{lang|ru|Алексе́евск}}), in honor of the then crown prince Alexey.[3] In 1917, the town was renamed Svobodny,[3] Russian for free. During the Stalin era, the BAMLag prison camp was built in Svobodny, with the intention of providing forced labor for the planned construction of the Baikal-Amur Mainline. The camp became one of the largest in the gulag system, with ca. 190,300 convicts in October 1935. The camp claimed the lives of thousands of political and clerical prisoners. Administrative and municipal statusWithin the framework of administrative divisions, Svodobny serves as the administrative center of Svobodnensky District,[4] even though it is not a part of it.[1] As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as Svobodny Urban Okrug—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[5] As a municipal division, this administrative unit also has urban okrug status.[6] EconomyThe town is home to factories producing machinery and furniture, as well as the administrative center for mining operations in the region, including the gold mining concern Amurzoloto. TransportationThe town is an important transportation hub for both rail and river traffic, with two railway stations on the Trans-Siberian Railway including rolling-stock repair facilities, and a river port on the Zeya. It is served by the Svobodny Airport and is near the Orlovka interceptor air base and other locations maintained by the Russian Air Force. ClimateSvobodny has a humid continental climate (Dfb). {{Weather box|width=auto| open = y | metric first = yes | single line = y | location = Svobodny | Jan record high C = -2.1 | Feb record high C = 4.1 | Mar record high C = 16.4 | Apr record high C = 28.6 | May record high C = 34.3 | Jun record high C = 42.0 | Jul record high C = 38.0 | Aug record high C = 34.7 | Sep record high C = 29.8 | Oct record high C = 26.3 | Nov record high C = 11.5 | Dec record high C = 0.0 | year record high C = | Jan high C = -19.4 | Feb high C = -13.2 | Mar high C = -3.6 | Apr high C = 8.6 | May high C = 17.7 | Jun high C = 24.2 | Jul high C = 26.3 | Aug high C = 23.8 | Sep high C = 17.3 | Oct high C = 7.1 | Nov high C = -8.2 | Dec high C = -18.4 | year high C = | Jan mean C = -26.0 | Feb mean C = -20.6 | Mar mean C = -10.3 | Apr mean C = 2.5 | May mean C = 11.1 | Jun mean C = 17.8 | Jul mean C = 20.4 | Aug mean C = 17.8 | Sep mean C = 10.7 | Oct mean C = 0.4 | Nov mean C = -14.2 | Dec mean C = -24.3 | year mean C = | Jan low C = -32.4 | Feb low C = -28.5 | Mar low C = -19.0 | Apr low C = -4.7 | May low C = 3.1 | Jun low C = 10.0 | Jul low C = 14.0 | Aug low C = 11.5 | Sep low C = 3.6 | Oct low C = -6.6 | Nov low C = -20.7 | Dec low C = -30.3 | year low C = | Jan record low C = -50.0 | Feb record low C = -45.0 | Mar record low C = -40.0 | Apr record low C = -23.4 | May record low C = -11.1 | Jun record low C = -0.9 | Jul record low C = 3.0 | Aug record low C = 0.0 | Sep record low C = -8.0 | Oct record low C = -25.5 | Nov record low C = -38.9 | Dec record low C = -47.2 | year record low C = | Jan precipitation mm =6 | Feb precipitation mm =13 | Mar precipitation mm =13 | Apr precipitation mm =32 | May precipitation mm =51 | Jun precipitation mm =82 | Jul precipitation mm =116 | Aug precipitation mm =113 | Sep precipitation mm =76 | Oct precipitation mm =23 | Nov precipitation mm =26 | Dec precipitation mm =11 | year precipitation mm = | source = [7] |}} Notable peopleThe town is the birthplace of the movie director Leonid Gaidai, whose memorial was unveiled in September 2006. ReferencesNotes1. ^{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}} 2. ^{{ru-pop-ref|2002Census}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 Pospelov, p. 26 4. ^1 2 Law #31-OZ 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 Law #127-OZ 6. ^1 2 Law #402-OZ 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://climatebase.ru/station/31445/ |title= |publisher= |access-date=December 17, 2016 }} Sources
External links
4 : Cities and towns in Amur Oblast|Populated places established in 1912|1912 establishments in the Russian Empire|Monotowns in Russia |
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