| 词条 | Swallow Sidecar Company |
| 释义 |
| name = Walmsley & Lyons | logo = | logo_caption = | image = 1935 Norton Model 18 Coventry Transport Museum.jpg | image_caption = Coventry Transport Museum | trading_name = * Swallow Sidecar Company 1922-1926
| native_name = | native_name_lang = | romanized_name = | former_name = | type = | traded_as = | industry = Motor vehicle bodies | genre = | fate = sold to Swallow Coachbuilding Company Limited | predecessors = | successor = Swallow Coachbuilding Company Limited | foundation = Blackpool, England ({{start date|df=yes|1922|09|02}}) | founders = William Walmsley and William Lyons | defunct = {{end date|df=yes|1930|09|30}} | location_city = Blackpool then Coventry | location_country = England | locations = | area_served = | key_people = William Walmsley and William Lyons | products = sidecars and car bodies | brands = Swallow | production = | services = | revenue = | operating_income = | net_income = | aum = | assets = | equity = | owners = William Walmsley and William Lyons | num_employees = | parent = | divisions = | subsid = | homepage = | footnotes = | intl = }} Swallow Sidecar Company,[1] Swallow Sidecar and Coachbuilding Company, and Swallow Coachbuilding Company were trading names used by Walmsley & Lyons, partners and joint owners of a British manufacturer of motorcycle sidecars and automobile bodies in Blackpool, Lancashire — later Coventry, Warwickshire — before incorporating a company to own their business which they named Swallow Coachbuilding Company Limited. Under co-founder William Lyons its business continued to prosper as SS Cars Limited and grew into Jaguar Cars Limited. The sidecar manufacturing business, by then owned by a different company, Swallow Coachbuilding Company (1935) Limited, was sold by Jaguar to an aircraft maintenance firm, Helliwell Group, in January 1946. Lyons and WalmsleySwallow was founded by two friends, William Walmsley aged 30 and William Lyons then aged 20.[2] Their partnership became official on Lyons's 21st birthday, 4 September 1922. Both families lived in the same street in Blackpool, England. Walmsley had previously been making sidecars and bolting them onto reconditioned motorcycles. Lyons had served his apprenticeship at Crossley Motors in Manchester before moving to Blackpool Sunbeam dealers, Brown & Mallalieu, as a junior salesman.[3] Their business partnership was known by three successive trading names: Swallow Sidecar Company, Swallow Sidecar and Coachbuilding Company, and Swallow Coachbuilding Company. In 1930 a limited liability company was incorporated to own their business. SidecarsSwallow SidecarLyons, having recognised the commercial potential for these sidecars, joined Walmsley and together they found premises in Bloomfield Road, Blackpool using a £1,000 bank overdraft obtained with the assistance of their respective fathers. With a small team of employees they were able to begin commercial production of the motorcycle sidecars.[4] Soon they had to rent more space nearby. Then they needed still more room. Walmsley's father bought a big building in Cocker Street Blackpool which they moved into and with all the extra space began to offer to repair and paint cars and fit new hoods and upholstery. They added coach building to their business name.[5] Automobile bodiesSwallow Sidecar and CoachbuildingThe first car that Lyons and Walmsley worked on intending to build and sell it in any quantity was the Austin 7, a popular and inexpensive vehicle. For their show car Swallow's Bolton, Lancashire agent had persuaded a dealer in Bolton to supply him under-the-counter (coachbuilders required Austin's prior approval or warranties might be voided) with an Austin 7 chassis. Lyons, with a sketch of what he wanted, commissioned Cyril Holland,{{refn|group=note|Cyril Holland (1895- ) was their first fully trained professional coach maker. After his apprenticeship at Lanchester, he had moved around from Birmingham to Yorkshire then back to the Midlands and on to Blackpool joining Swallow in late 1926. Swallow's work appealed to him because as well as prototype and jig-maker he would have to be the draughtsman. He was given a sketch and no more. Known as the "wood butcher" Cyril was a popular man. He held the position of chief body engineer but left in 1945. In 1980 Sir William Lyons said "Without him, I know that we would have had tremendous problems getting our coachbuilding off the ground at all."[5]}} a coachbuilder by trade, to create a distinctive, open two seater body. Holland gave it a detachable hardtop with a characteristic back window. The result was announced to public in May 1927, the Austin Seven Swallow. Austin gave their approval to the Swallow coachwork though adjustments were needed, the wings kept falling onto the tyres and the cycle type was dispensed with in favour of the more usual shape. In that form it was taken to London and shown to Henlys — Bert (Herbert Gerald) Henly and Frank Hough — who ordered 500 both two-seaters and saloons.[5] Priced at only £175, the Swallow, with its brightly coloured two-tone bodywork and a style that imitated the more expensive cars of the time, proved popular in the prosperous late twenties and in the following depression. Soon after, a saloon version was produced: the Austin Seven Swallow Saloon. Swallow CoachbuildingDuring 1927 the "Sidecar" was dropped from the name, and it became the Swallow Coachbuilding Company.[6] CoventryThe increasing demand for Swallows made it necessary to move the company closer to the heart of the British car industry and so, in 1928, they moved to a part-disused First World War munitions factory at Holbrook Lane, Coventry. Business continued to grow and in 1929 the owners were confident enough to go to the expense of taking a stand at the London Motor Show. Three new Swallow models appeared in 1929 on Standard, Swift, and Fiat chassis. Also in 1929 John Black and William Lyons realised a long-standing dream and produced a one of a kind sports car, This "First" SS (Standard Swallow) was a sleek Boat Tail Roadster with a flowing, streamlined design and pointed to an obvious attempt at making a fast car, possibly with the intention of venturing into racing. This car is believed to have been shipped to Australia in the late 40s.
{{Anchor|Swallow Coachbuilding Company}} Swallow Coachbuilding Company Limited{{Infobox company| name = Swallow Coachbuilding Company Limited | logo = | logo_caption = | image = Wolseley Hornet Swallow 1932.jpg | image_caption = 1932 Swallow body {{nobreak|British Motor Museum}} | trading_name = Swallow Coachbuilding Company Limited | native_name = | native_name_lang = | romanized_name = | former_name = | type = | traded_as = | industry = Motor vehicle bodies | genre = | fate = sold to S. S. Cars Limited 1934 | predecessors = Walmsley & Lyons trading as: Swallow Coachbuilding Company | successor = S. S. Cars Limited | foundation = Coventry, England ({{start date|df=yes|1930|10|01}}) | founders = William Walmsley and William Lyons | defunct = {{end date|df=yes|1934|08|01}} | location_city = Coventry | location_country = England | locations = | area_served = | key_people = William Walmsley and William Lyons | products = sidecars and car bodies | brands = Swallow | production = | services = | revenue = | operating_income = | net_income = | aum = | assets = | equity = | owners = William Walmsley and William Lyons | num_employees = | parent = | divisions = | subsid = | homepage = | footnotes = | intl = }} Hornet{{Main article|Wolseley Hornet six}}Bodies on the Wolseley Hornet chassis fitted in well with Swallow's planned new product range. They were the first 6-cylinder Swallows. Production began in January 1931 with an open 2-seater. A 4-seater car followed in that autumn. In April 1932 the new Special chassis arrived and these cars were quite popular. They were the last of the special-bodied Swallows, whose production was replaced in the summer of 1933 by their SS 1 tourer first announced in March 1933.[7] {{clear left}}Production:[7]
Advertising slogan for the Wolseley Hornet-Swallow cars: S S One{{Main article|SS 1}}Engines and chassis supplied by the Standard Motor Company were fitted with Swallow bodies styled under Lyons supervision. The first of the SS range of cars available to the public was the 1932 SS 1 with 2-litre or 2½-litre side-valve, six-cylinder engine and the SS 2 with a four-cylinder 1-litre side-valve engine. Initially available as coupé or tourer a saloon was added in 1934, when the chassis was modified to be 2 inches (50 mm) wider. The success of the new range brought about a number of changes. William Walmsley wished to leave this business and it was decided to replace Walmsley's capital by bringing new outside shareholders into a brand-new incorporation, S. S. Cars Limited.{{refn|group=note|S. S. Cars Limited (Swallow Road, Holbrook Lane, Coventry) was formed to take over that part of the business of the Swallow Coachbuilding Company Limited concerned with the manufacture and sale of S.S. motor-cars. Nominal capital £10,000 in £1 shares.[8]}} The new company technically commenced business on 1 February 1934 following its incorporation 26 October 1933. Subsequently, S. S. Cars Limited bought the shares of Swallow Coachbuilding Limited as of 31 July 1934 and Swallow was liquidated (wound up) before S. S. issued shares to the public in January 1935. {{clear}}After SwallowSS Cars Limited{{main article|SS Cars Ltd}}The continued success and expansion of their SS Jaguar range, in particular the sports and saloon cars announced in late 1935 would lead to its new name: Jaguar Cars Limited{{main article|Jaguar Cars Ltd}}Towards the end of the war on 23 March 1945 the SS Cars Limited shareholders in general meeting agreed to change the company's name to Jaguar Cars Limited. Said Chairman William Lyons "Unlike S.S. the name Jaguar is distinctive and cannot be connected or confused with any similar foreign name."[9] Sidecar production was now by Swallow Coachbuilding Co. (1935) Ltd. of Albion Road, Birmingham, 11.[10] HelliwellIn January 1946 the Helliwell Group, an aircraft maintenance firm, bought Swallow Coachbuilding Company (1935) Limited from Jaguar Cars Limited.[11] Sidecars produced at Helliwells' Walsall Airport works were built in the same way as the originals and used the same patented trademark.[12] They closed shop in the late 1950s. {{clear left}}Notes1. ^The first of three trading names used by W. Walmsley and W. Lyons for their manufacturing business. They were in partnerships* Swallow Sidecar Company 1922-1926* Swallow Sidecar and Coachbuilding Company 1926-1927* Swallow Coachbuilding Company 1927-1930Then shareholders together in the limited liability company with the name* Swallow Coachbuilding Company Limited operating with effect from October 1930, liquidated in 1934 after the purchase of its business by SS Cars Limited. 2. ^At that time as a minor until he was 21 (later 18) Lyons was unable to enter a proper binding business contract without specific court approval under a law for the protection of young people. 3. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/jaguar-cars-ltd-history/ |title=History of Jaguar Cars, Ltd. |work=FundingUniverse |year=1996 |accessdate=15 February 2016}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.jaguar-enthusiasts.org.uk/jaguar-history.html |work=Jaguar Enthusiasts |title=Jaguar History |accessdate=18 July 2007 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630051433/http://www.jaguar-enthusiasts.org.uk/jaguar-history.html |archivedate=30 June 2007 |df=dmy-all }} 5. ^1 2 {{cite journal |first=Andrew |last=Whyte |title=Sir William |journal=Automobile Quarterly |volume=18 |issue=4 |year=1980}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.cartype.com/page.cfm?id=1884&alph=ALL&dec=ALL |work=CarType |title=Standard Swallow Logo |accessdate=1 December 2006 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927010858/http://www.cartype.com/page.cfm?id=1884&alph=ALL&dec=ALL |archivedate=27 September 2007 |df=dmy-all }} 7. ^1 2 {{cite book |title=Jaguar, the definitive history of a great British car |first=Andrew |last=Whyte |publisher=Patrick Stevens |location=Wellingborough |year=1985 |isbn=0-85059-746-3}} 8. ^{{cite newspaper The Times |articlename=New Companies Registered |day_of_week=Saturday |date=28 October 1933 |page_number=19 |issue=46587 }} 9. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=S.S. Cars Limited |day_of_week=Wednesday |date=4 April 1945 |page_number=10 |issue=50108}} 10. ^{{cite web |url=http://scooter-sidecars.com/swallow/index.htm |work=Scooter-Sidecars |title=Swallow |accessdate=1 December 2006}} 11. ^{{Cite newspaper The Times |articlename=Jaguar Cars Limited. Preference share issue |day_of_week=Wednesday |date=13 March 1946 |page_number=9 |issue=50399}} 12. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.doretti.co.uk/page5.htm |title= Swallow Gadabout |first=Bob |last=Cordon-Champ|work=Swallow Doretti Page |year=2009 |accessdate=15 February 2016}} References{{reflist}}External links
7 : Jaguar Cars|1920s cars|Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United Kingdom|Coventry motor companies|Coachbuilders of the United Kingdom|Sidecars|Companies based in Blackpool |
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