“Sydney Olympic Park”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Sydney Olympic Park is a large sports and entertainment complex in the West of Sydney. It is also an official suburb of Sydney, commonly known as Olympic Park but officially named Sydney Olympic Park. Sydney Olympic Park is located 14 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the City of Parramatta Council.

The area was redeveloped for the 2000 Olympics. The facilities built continue to be used for sporting, musical, and cultural events, including the Sydney Royal Easter Show, Sydney Festival, Stereosonic, Big Day Out, Soundwave, Sydney 500 and a number of world-class sporting fixtures. The suburb also contains commercial development and extensive parklands. The area was originally part of the suburb of Homebush Bay,^[2] but was designated a suburb in its own right in 2009. The name Homebush is still used colloquially as a metonym for Stadium Australia as well as the Olympic Park precinct as a whole.

History

Aboriginal land

Aboriginal people have been associated with the Homebush Bay area for many thousands of years. When Europeans arrived in 1788, the Homebush Bay area formed part of the traditional lands of the Wanngal clan. The lands of the Wanngal clan extended along the southern shore of the Parramatta River between about Leichhardt and Auburn. The Wanngal clan would have had access rights to the resources of the Homebush Bay area, but would have routinely interacted with neighbouring clan groups.

Shortly after the British colonisation of Sydney several smallpox epidemics ravaged the local Aboriginal population, leaving many of the clans seriously depleted. By way of adaptation, members of neighbouring clan groups are known to have joined together to ensure their survival. Aboriginal people were still using the Homebush Bay area in the early 1800s even after their lands were granted to Europeans. Several encounters and conflicts between Europeans and Aboriginal people are documented for the Homebush Bay area throughout the 1790s, and in the early 1800s Aboriginal people (perhaps of the Wanngal clan) were working for and supplying fish to europeans in the area.^[3] No references have yet been located which describe Aboriginal people living in the Homebush Bay area for the period after the 1810s; however, this is the subject of ongoing research through the Aboriginal History & Connections Program, a long-term program aimed at documenting Aboriginal connections to the Homebush Bay area before and after the arrival of Europeans launched by the Sydney Olympic Park Authority in April 2002.

Today the Homebush Bay area is within the asserted traditional cultural boundary of the Darug language group, of which the Wanngal clan is said to have belonged. The descendents of Darug traditional owners of the Sydney area play a custodial role in the preservation of Aboriginal cultural heritage and are actively involved with archaeological and historical research in and around Homebush Bay. The area also falls within the administrative boundary of the Metropolitan Local Aboriginal Land Council which also plays a major role in the investigation and preservation of Aboriginal culture and heritage.^[4]

Colonisation

The Sydney Olympic Park locality was first known to Europeans as "The Flats", as described by Lieutenant Bradley in his charting of the river in 1788. The name "Liberty Plains" was also given to the locality but referred to the higher and drier lands along Parramatta Road and referred to the first group of settlers who were free rather than convict, who established farms there in 1793.^[4]The first European settler was Thomas Laycock (1756?-1809), who was granted 40 hectares between Parramatta Road and Homebush Bay in October 1794. He named his farm, Home Bush and ran sheep and cattle there. Laycock was Quartermaster of the NSW Corps and also held other government positions. D'Arcy Wentworth (c.1762-1827) purchased the 318 hectare holding from the Laycock family in January 1808. With additional grants Wentworth's holdings at Homebush Bay totalled 372 hectares by 1810. Wentworth established a horse stud and a private racetrack adjoining Parramatta Road and was influential among the early government officials and free settlers. He died at Homebush on 7 July 1827.^[5]

Homebush was inherited by William Wentworth (1790-1872), who continued in his father's tradition of controversial public service. With his neighbour Gregory Blaxland, he was in the first exploration party to find a route through the Blue Mountains. He expanded and developed his father's bequest of properties, becoming one of the colony's richest men by his death in 1872. The property was let to numerous tenants throughout William's ownership, while he lived at Vaucluse House in Sydney. William, who was elected president of the Sydney Turf Club in 1832, gave permission for the existing racetrack to be upgraded for public race meetings. The racetrack included grandstands, stables and spelling paddocks which stretched over the Sydney Olympic Park site. The property was inherited by William Wentworth's son, Fitzwilliam..^[6]^[4]

State Abattoir

In 1907 367 hectares, most of the Wentworth estate, was resumed for the building of the State Abattoirs. Specifications for the general arrangement and layout of the site and drawings of the gatehouse, administration buildings, mutton, pork, beef and veal houses were completed in 1909 by the Department of Public Works under Government Architect Walter Liberty Vernon and construction completed in 1913. The gardens were also designed in 1913 by Joseph Maiden, Director of the Sydney Botanic Gardens, including the historic formal avenue of trees that is located on the eastern boundary of the Overflow. Consisting of Brush Box (Lophostemon confertus) and Spotted Gum (Eucalyptus maculata) this row of trees is referred to as "the allee".^[7] The cauldron is located in the Overflow, a park just west of the former main abattoir administration precinct and allee, on land which formed a car park for the abattoir.

By 1923 the State Abattoir employed 1,600 people and had a killing capacity of 25,000 animals a week, making it one of the largest abattoirs in Australia. The abattoirs continued to expand during World War II and into the 1950s with works provided for the treatment of offal, refrigeration, the preparation of tallow, fertilizers, meat for export and canning of pet foods (Godden & Associates 1989: 21ff). By the 1970s the facilities required rebuilding and a decision was taken not to upgrade but to redevelop surplus land for industrial use. The State Abattoir officially closed on 10 June 1988 and the Homebush Abattoir Corporation wound up on June 30 1992.^[8] Throughout the twentieth century, much of the current land of the site was reclaimed from the river and wetlands by landfill.^[9]

In the mid-1980s, an area bounded by Australia Avenue and what are now Herb Elliott Avenue and Sarah Durack Avenue was promoted as a 'technology park' called the Australia Centre. However, apart from a few relatively high tech businesses like AWA Microelectronics, BASF, Philips and Sanyo, the idea did not catch on and the Australian Technology Park is now in Eveleigh. In any event, a decade later the entire area became the site for the Sydney 2000 Olympics.

After 1992 the Abattoir precinct was occupied by a number of organisations that ultimately became the Sydney Olympic Park Authority (SOPA). Sydney won the right to host the Olympic Games on 23 September 1993, after being selected over Beijing, Berlin, Istanbul and Manchester at the 101st IOC Session in Monte Carlo, Monaco.^[4]

These activities resulted in a highly contaminated site with little natural ecology and a fragmented stream corridor. Sixty-five percent of the soils were required to be excavated and contained on-site. The site did have some positive attributes that PWP Landscape Architecture enhanced in the design: 15 miles of continuous waterfront; various historic buildings and landscapes; an almost unspoiled 124-acre aboriginal forest; major areas of mangrove swamp; bird sanctuaries; and surviving endangered species like Golden orb spiders and the Green and golden bell frogs that resided in a 70-acre historic limestone quarry, the Brick Pit.^[10]

Millennium Parklands was and is a project that matches the scale of the city, dealing with landscape as the system that sustains urban life, the Olmstedian "lungs" known these days as "green infrastructure" a component of the urban condition rather than its native opposition.^[11]

Post-Olympics

With the successful completion of the 2000 Olympics, Sydney Olympic Park has undergone a significant amount of development work to support its conversion to a multipurpose facility with a number of businesses re-locating to the area. Commercial developments now sit alongside sporting facilities with tenants in office buildings such as Commonwealth Bank from September 2007. A five-star Pullman hotel and a two-star Formule 1 hotel were completed in mid-2008.

The parklands have undergone redevelopment with Blaxland Riverside Park (formerly Blaxland Common) being transformed into an urban park along Parramatta River. The Park opened on 3 March 2007. In addition the Wentworth Common area was upgraded with significant adventure playground facilities for children aged 8–13 years.

The former Auburn Council sought public comment on a proposal to rename the Homebush Bay area, to remove confusion with its namesake suburb Homebush. The area encompassing Sydney Olympic Park was given autonomy as a suburb, the waterfront residential area was renamed Wentworth Point and the Carter Street industrial precinct was absorbed by the neighbouring suburb of Lidcombe.^[12]^[13]

Heritage listings

Events

Currently{{when|date=March 2017}} there are more than 5000 events held at the park each year, including the Sydney Royal Easter Show, Supanova Pop Culture Expo, Rugby Union, National Rugby League, Australian Football League and Australian Rugby League games at ANZ Stadium. The Sydney International is held each year at the Sydney Olympic Park Tennis Centre, and the park also hosts athletics and swimming events, using some venues for concerts during the year, and hosts boxing. It hosts the Big Day Out music festival and has been the venue for free, open air performances as part of the Sydney Festival such as Movies in the Overflow and Music by Moonlight.

The Newington Armory has in the past been the venue for the now-defunct "Great Escape" and "Acoustica at the Armory" music festivals, both of which were held over the Easter long weekend. Some venues function have changed from the original uses in the 2000 Olympics, such as the baseball stadium which has become the Sydney Showground; the former Sydney Superdome is now known as Allphones Arena and the Olympic Stadium has been renamed ANZ Stadium, following on from its prior sponsor Telstra. The latter two venues are now very successful in their own right, with the stadium serving as the venue for 49 major sporting events in 2007 and the Arena being the world's second-highest grossing venue of its type in the world in 2005 - behind only New York City's Madison Square Garden.

Between 2009 and 2016, the Sydney 500 V8 Supercar event was held through the streets of the Olympic precinct.^[17] EB Games Expo was also hosted at The Sydney Showgrounds within Sydney Olympic Park between 2012 and 2016 present.

Culture

The suburb is home to a significant arts and cultural program including regular events, the largest single precinct public art collection in Australia, the Armoury Gallery which is the largest single room permanent art exhibition space in the Southern Hemisphere, a new theatre,an artist studio facility at Newington Armoury and a BMX track.. The suburb is fully dedicated to environmentally and socially sustainable practices and has committed to 'Master Plan 2030': an opportunity to establish a best practice example of sustainable urban development for the next 20 years of the Park's growth.

The Master Plan 2030 vision is that the Park will, by 2030, be home to a daily population of 50,000 residents, students and workers, in addition to 10 million visitors per year.

Population

In the 2016 Census, there were 1,736 people in Sydney Olympic Park. 22.1% of people were born in Australia. The next most common countries of birth were China 19.8% and South Korea 10.5%. 22.2% of people spoke only English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Mandarin 20.1% and Korean 11.8%. The most common response for religion was No Religion at 36.6%.^[1]

Management

Sydney Olympic Park is managed by the Sydney Olympic Park Authority. The site was previously intended for a massive urban renewal project of the Homebush Bay area, prior to the Olympic bid, so the renewal masterplan was altered to accommodate venues for the 2000 Olympics.

Facilities

Sydney 2000 Olympics venues

Non-Olympic facilities

Accommodation

Transport

Sydney Olympic Park is served by the Olympic Park railway line and Olympic Park station. There are also regular ferry services to the nearby Sydney Olympic Park ferry wharf, at the end of Hill Road, serviced by Sydney Ferries to and from various points around Sydney Harbour.

The two-line Parramatta Light Rail project was announced in 2015. Original plans included a line between Westmead and Strathfield, passing through Sydney Olympic Park.^[19] Plans for this line were redesigned and truncated in 2017. The redesigned line will terminate at Sydney Olympic Park instead of continuing to Strathfield.^[20]

The original route of the light rail line has been superseded by Sydney Metro West, a proposed metro line between the Sydney Central Business District and Westmead. The line was announced in 2016 and would include a station at Sydney Olympic Park.^[21]

Parklands

Restricted areas

Climate

The Olympic Park area has a humid subtropical climate with slightly warmer summers than in coastal Sydney, with very mild winters.

References

1. ^¹{{Census 2016 AUS|id=SSC13716|name=Sydney Olympic Park (State Suburb)|accessdate=26 July 2017|quick=on}}
2. ^{{NSW GNR|id=MnIOlMUlJP|title=Sydney Olympic Park|accessdate=}}
3. ^Cameo, 2002: 46
4. ^Carney & Mider, 1996: 11
5. ^(ADB, Vol. II)
6. ^Painter & Waterhouse, 1992:15-22
7. ^OCA Tender documents, 2001
8. ^Fox & Associates 1986: 48-50
9. ^Sydney Olympic Park Official Site: Education & Learning {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060304092445/http://www.sydneyolympicpark.com.au/education_and_learning/history/site_remediation |date=4 March 2006 }}
10. ^http://www.pwpla.com/projects/millennium-parklands/&details
11. ^Hassell, Millennium Parklands Concept Plan, prepared for The Olympic Co-ordination Authority (1997), 1.
12. ^New Names for Auburn Suburbs {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091013120011/http://www.auburn.nsw.gov.au/page.aspx?id=3946 |date=13 October 2009 }}
13. ^{{NSW GNR|id=MnIOlMUlMa|title=Auburn|accessdate=}}
14. ^¹²³{{cite NSW SHR|5061184|Olympic Cauldron at Sydney Olympic Park|hr=01839|fn=EF10/13397|accessdate=18 May 2018}}
15. ^{{cite NSW SHR|5054828|Newington Armament Depot and Nature Reserve|hr=01850|fn=EF14/4344; H02/275; 09/3041|accessdate=18 May 2018}}
16. ^{{cite NSW SHR|5001039|Hall of Champions (collection)|hr=01295|accessdate=18 May 2018}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.v8supercars.com.au/news/championship/coates-hire-sydney-500-finale-for-sydney-olympic-park/|title=Coates Hire Sydney 500 finale for Sydney Olympic Park|publisher=V8 Supercars|date=21 March 2016|accessdate=27 March 2016}}
18. ^ANZ Stadium
19. ^{{cite web|title=Parramatta Light Rail - How the preferred network was chosen|url=http://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/parramatta-light-rail/how-preferred-network-was-chosen|publisher=Transport for NSW|accessdate=8 December 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151210184912/http://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/parramatta-light-rail/how-preferred-network-was-chosen|archivedate=10 December 2015|df=dmy-all}}
20. ^{{cite web|title=Parramatta Light Rail to Sydney Olympic Park|url=https://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/newsroom-and-events/media-releases/parramatta-light-rail-to-sydney-olympic-park|publisher=Transport for NSW|accessdate=18 October 2017}}
21. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.transport.nsw.gov.au/newsroom/media-releases/sydney-metro-west-new-railway-more-trains-western-sydney |title= Sydney Metro West: a new railway, more trains for Western Sydney |date= 14 November 2016 |publisher=Transport for NSW}}
22. ^{{cite web| url =http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_066195_All.shtml| title = Sydney Olympic Park | publisher = Bureau of Meteorology}}