| 词条 | Symbister |
| 释义 |
| official_name= Symbister | label_position= left | static_image_name= Symbister Harbour, Whalsay - geograph.org.uk - 116092.jpg | static_image_caption= Symbister Harbour, viewed from Ward of Clate | country= Scotland | population= 797 | os_grid_reference= HU539622 | coordinates = {{coord|60.341|-1.022|display=inline,title}} | post_town= SHETLAND | postcode_area= ZE | postcode_district= ZE2 | dial_code= 01806 | constituency_westminster= Orkney and Shetland | civil_parish= Nesting | unitary_scotland= Shetland | lieutenancy_scotland= Shetland | constituency_scottish_parliament= Shetland }}{{Infobox lighthouse | name = Symbister Ness Lighthouse | image_name = Light on Symbister Ness (geograph 3346747).jpg | image_width = | caption = | location = Symbister Whalsay Shetland Scotland United Kingdom | pushpin_map = | relief = | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | pushpin = lighthouse | pushpin_label_position = | coordinates = {{coord|60.340482|-1.038066|display=inline}} | coordinates_footnotes = | yearbuilt = 1904 (first) | yearlit = 2000s | automated = | yeardeactivated = | foundation = concrete basement | construction = metal skeletal tower (current) cast iron tower (first) | shape = quadrangular tower covered by aluminium panels with light on the top (current) octagonal prism tower with balcony and lantern | marking = white tower | height = {{convert|7|m|ft}} | focalheight = {{convert|11|m|ft}} | lens = | currentlens = | lightsource = solar power | intensity = | range = white: {{convert|8|nmi}} green: {{convert|6|nmi}} [1] | characteristic = Fl (2) WG 12s. | fogsignal = | racon = | admiralty = A3802 | canada = | NGA = 3412 | ARLHS = SCO-235 | USCG = | country = | countrynumber = | countrylink = | managingagent = Northern Lighthouse Board[2] | heritage = | module = }}Symbister is the largest village and port on the island of Whalsay, Shetland. The population in 1991 was 797. The focus of the village is the harbour, which is home to small fishing boats as well as large deep sea trawlers. The village is overlooked by the granite mansion Symbister House, built by the Sixth Robert Bruce of Symbister in 1823.[3] The harbour is also known by the names Bay Of Symbister, Symbister Harbour and Symbister Old Harbour.[4] The Pier House, now a museum, was once the centre for the export of dried and salted fish to the Hanseatic League, an alliance of trading guilds that established and maintained a trade monopoly over much of Northern Europe between the 13th and 17th centuries. HistoryThe island has been inhabited for more than 4000 years as witnessed by the Neolithic houses of Yoxie and Benie. An Iron Age block house to the northeast overlooks the Loch of Huxter. In the 14th century, the Huxters took over the island and held it until they went bankrupt in the 1830s.[5] Germans also sailed to Symbister for trading and brought their goods, iron tools, seeds, salt and cloth to barter for dried and salted fish from the island.[5] The old Hanseatic house which had been used by the Germans for several centuries until 1707, was refurbished into the museum.[5] William Bruce of Symbister, who had migrated from Fife to Symbister, was a deputy to Laurence Bruce of Cultamalindie. In 1571, he was the Great Foude of Shetland, under Lord Robert Stewart. After his retirement, he moved back to his home country but he left his properties at Symbister to his eldest son and Fife to a son by his second wife. William Bruce, his grandson, the third in the lineage left his properties to a son by his second wife. The family lived in Symbister until recently and had considerable power on the island.[3][6] Tobset Bruce built the Symbister House at a cost of more than £30,000 pounds using granite in 1823. In the 1850s, Robert Bruce of Symbister leased part of his estate to Robert Mouatvery, a merchant who ill{{nbhyph}}treated his tenants and exploited the four estates.{{citation needed|date=February 2013}} Symbister estate's fishing tenure under his lease was still run in a primitive form even in the 1860s, as William Stewart testified before a Royal Commission in 1872.[5] The last resident of the Symbister House died in 1944. Since the 1960s, Symbister House has been used as Whalsay Junior High School, providing education to students of age 4–16.[3] The land around the Symbister House has an old wooden boat sculpture. Ghost stories are also narrated about this place, including that of an old sailor who was murdered for arguing with the gardener of the house during a game of cards.[7] Facilities and economySymbister is a sheltered harbour and is busy with small fishing boats and recreational craft plying alongside large ocean-going trawlers. The marina here is a seventy-berth facility and also accommodates ferries travelling between the islands. A ferry to Laxo on the Shetland mainland operates from Symbister. Apart from ferry services, Symbister is also accessible by road from Whalsay airstrip, located in the island at its northeastern end at Skaw.[3] As a village, Symbister has infrastructure facilities and basic amenities such as a post-office, many shops, a community hall, police station and a medical hospital with surgical facilities.[3] Whalsay Leisure Centre, Grieve House camping Böd and Harbison Park, home of Whalsay Football Club, are also of note. Symbister Harbour is now a modern harbour with a large fleet of fishing craft which have contributed to the economic progress of the island and making it one of the most prosperous in the region.[8] Whalsay Boating and Sports Club is based at the harbour. Fishing has been the mainstay of the island of Whalsay and its harbour housed the fishing community.[5] During the earlier centuries herring was the main fishing focus with catches peaking in 1834. However, this industry suffered due to drastic decline of yield within a few years. Fishing picked up again in the late 1800s and in the mid 1900s.[9] Aquatic faunaSea mammals such as porpoise, dolphin, minke whale, and orca can be seen from the rocks offshore over the harbour. Many migrants birds, like wheatear, meadow pipit, snow bunting and buff breasted sandpiper have been sighted.[5]See also
References1. ^Symbister Ness Light Lighthouse Explorer. Retrieved 31 May 2016 2. ^[https://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/lighthouse/sht.htm Symbester Ness] The Lighthouse Directory. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved 31 May 2016 3. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite web|url=http://www.scottish-places.info/towns/townfirst3947.html|title=Symbister |accessdate=1 February 2013|publisher=Gazetteer for Scotland}} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://canmore.rcahms.gov.uk/en/site/1344/details/whalsay+symbister+pier+house+museum/|title= Whalsay, Symbister, Pier House (Museum)|accessdate=1 February 2013|publisher=Official website of Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book|author=Julian Holland|title=Exploring the Islands of Scotland: The Ultimate Practical Guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v7Ovr3XcIyYC&pg=PA49|accessdate=3 January 2013|date=1 January 2009|publisher=frances lincoln ltd|isbn=978-0-7112-2758-3|pages=49–}} 6. ^{{cite book|author=Gilbert Goudie|title=The Diary of the Rev. John Mill: Minister of the Parishes of Dunrossness Sandwick and Cunningsburgh in Shetland 1740-1803 with Selections from Local Records and Original Documents Relating to the District|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-W47Md2T4ZYC&pg=PR93|accessdate=3 January 2013|date=May 2009|publisher=Heritage Books|isbn=978-0-7884-2335-2|pages=93–}} 7. ^{{cite book|last=Marwick|first=Ernest W.|title=The Folklore of Orkney and Shetland|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BBPaAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=21 February 2013|year=1975|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated|isbn=978-0-87471-681-8|page=96}} 8. ^{{cite book|title=Lonely Planet Scotland’s Highlands & Islands|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8pXmlIqynQwC&pg=PT344|accessdate=3 January 2013|publisher=Lonely Planet|isbn=978-1-74220-688-2|pages=344–}} 9. ^{{cite book|title=Living the Fishing|series=History Workshop Series|first1=Paul Richard|last1=Thompson|first2=Tony|last2=Wailey|first3=Trevor|last3=Lummis|publisher=Routledge|year=1983|isbn=9780710095084|page=330}} External links{{stack|{{Portal|Scotland|Lighthouses}}}}
2 : Villages in Whalsay|Fishing communities in Scotland |
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