“Family tree of Ali”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Alī ibn Abī Tālib ({{lang-ar|عَـلِي ابـن أَﺑِﻲ طَـالِـب}}, 599 – 661 ACE) was an early{{efn|Assuming that Islam started with Muhammad. Muslims believe that Islam did not start with him, but that it represents even previous Prophets, such as Jesus, David, Moses, Abraham, Noah and Adam.^[1]^[2]^[3]}} Islamic leader. Ali is revered by Sunni Muslims as the last of the four Rightly Guided Caliphs, and as a foremost religious authority on the Qur'an and Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence). Shi'a Muslims consider him the First Imam appointed by the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the first rightful caliph. Ali was the cousin of Muhammad, and after marriage to Fatimah he also became Muhammad's son-in-law. His descendants through Fatimah are revered today in Shia Islam as Imams, Sharifs or Sayyids.

His father was Abu Talib and his mother was Fatima bint Asad, but he was raised in the household of Muhammad, who himself was raised by Abu Talib, Muhammad's uncle. When Muhammad reported receiving a divine revelation, Ali was the first child to accept his message and first to convert to Islam at the age of 12, dedicating his life to the cause of Islam.^[4]^[5]^[6]

In Muslim culture, Ali is respected for his courage, knowledge, belief, honesty to Islam, deep loyalty to Muhammad, equal treatment of all Muslims and generosity in forgiving his defeated enemies, and therefore is central to mystical traditions in Islam such as Sufism. Ali retains his stature as an authority on Quranic exegesis, Islamic jurisprudence and religious thought.^[7] Ali holds a high position in almost all Sufi orders which trace their lineage through him to Muhammad. Ali's influence has been important throughout Islamic history.

Family tree (graphical)

Family tree (textual)

Descendants

Descendants (graphical)

The Sayyid [https://www.imams.us/about/ Aljabery] family of southern Iraq are descendants of Ali from his son Imam Husayn. The Bukhari of Pakistan are Syed descendends of Ali, and includes 9 of the 12 Shia imams. The Idrisid and Alaouite dynasties of Morocco claim to be descended from Ali and Fatimah. The descendants of Ali include the Hashemite royal families of Jordan^[27] various Somali clans,^[28] the Husseini family of Lebanon, the Hiraki family of Syria and Egypt, the Alaouite royal family of Morocco and the Ashrafs of the city of Harar, Mashwanis and Alvi Awan families of Pashtuns in Pakistan. Other prominent descendants include: Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya, Abdullah al-Aftah ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq, Ali al-Uraidhi ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq, Muhammad ibn Qasim (al-Alawi), Muhammad ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq (Al-Dibaj), Yahya ibn Umar, Muhammad ibn Ali al-Hadi and Ibn Dihya al-Kalby.

Lineage of Husayn ibn Ali

This is a simplified family tree of Husayn ibn Ali. People in italics are considered by the majority of Shia and Sunni Muslims to be Ahl al-Bayt (People of the House). Twelver Shia also see the 4th to 12th Imams as Ahl al-Bayt (Ali is an imam in Mustaali but no number is assigned for this position, and Hasan ibn Ali is not an Imam in Nizari Imamah).

See also

Notes

References

1. ^{{cite book |last=Esposito |first=John |title=Islam: The Straight Path (3rd ed.) |year=1998 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-511234-4 |pages=9, 12}}
2. ^Esposito (2002b), pp. 4–5.
3. ^{{cite book |last=Peters |first=F.E. |title=Islam: A Guide for Jews and Christians |year=2003 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=0-691-11553-2 |page=9}}
4. ^{{Harvnb|Tabatabaei|1979|p=191}}
5. ^{{Harvnb|Ashraf|2005|p=14}}
6. ^{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Islam and the Muslim world |last=Diana |first=Steigerwald |title=Alī ibn Abu Talib |publisher=MacMillan |isbn=978-0-02-865604-5 |volume=1}}
7. ^{{Harvnb|Madelung|1997|p=309 and 310}}
8. ^{{cite web |last=Books |first=Happy |title=Family Tree of Ali ibn Abi Taalib |url=http://www.happy-books.co.uk/muhammad-ibn-abdullah-lineage-and-family-tree/family-tree-diagram-of-lineage-and-relatives-of-prophets-and-companions-in-muslim-history.php?id=80 |publisher=Happy Books |access-date=2 July 2011}}
9. ^{{Cite book |title=Majalis ul-Mo’mineen |last=Shustari |first=Qazi Nurullah |publisher= |year= |isbn= |location= |pages=85–89}}
10. ^{{Cite book |title=Al-Shaafi |last=al-Murtaza |first=Sharif |publisher= |year= |isbn= |location= |pages=116}}
11. ^{{Cite book |title=Sharh Nahj ul-Balagha |last=Al-Hadid |first=Hibatullah |publisher= |year= |isbn= |location= |pages=124 |volume=3}}
12. ^{{Cite book |title=Bihar al-Anwar |last=Majlisi |first=Muhammad Baqir |publisher= |year= |isbn= |location= |pages=621}}
13. ^{{Cite book |title=Hadiqat al-Shi‘a |last=Ardabili |first=Muqaddas |publisher= |year= |isbn= |location= |pages=277}}
14. ^{{Cite book |title=Masa'ib un-Nawasib |last=Shustari |first=Qazi Nurullah |publisher= |year= |isbn= |location= |pages=170}}
15. ^{{Cite book |title=Masalik al-Ifham fi Sharh Shara-il-Islam |last=Al-Amili |first=Zayn al-Din al-Juna'i |publisher= |year= |isbn= |location= |pages= |volume=1 |chapter=Lawahiq-al-‘Aqd}}
16. ^{{Cite book |title=Muntahi al-Aamal |last=Qumi |first=Abbas |publisher= |year= |isbn= |location= |pages=186 |volume=1}}
17. ^{{Cite book |title=Life of Fatemeh Zahra(SA) |last=Shahidi |first=Sayyed Ja'far |publisher= |year= |isbn= |location= |pages=263–265}}
18. ^{{Cite book |title=Mir'at ul-Uqool |last=Baqir |first=Muhammad |publisher= |year= |isbn= |location= |pages=199 |volume=21}}
19. ^{{Cite book |title=Al-Mabsoot |last=Al-Tusi |first=Nasir Al-Din |publisher= |year= |isbn= |location= |pages=272 |volume=4}}
20. ^Tabatabae (1979), page 194 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080329020223/http://www.balagh.net/english/shia/shia/10.htm |date=2008-03-29}}
21. ^http://en.wikishia.net/view/Al-Hasan_al-Muthanna
22. ^[https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1312600942 The Sunshine Book, By Dr. S. Manzoor Rizvi; p323;]
23. ^¹{{cite web |url=http://www.helal.ir/helal/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=69 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-03-10 |dead-url=yes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720172849/http://www.helal.ir/helal/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=69 |archive-date=2011-07-20 |df=}}
24. ^¹²³⁴{{cite web |work=Harouf.com |title= |url=harouf.com/SiratAhlelbeit/EmamAli1.htm |year=|access-date=}}
25. ^¹{{Harvnb |Al-Tabari |year=1990 |volume=XIX |pp=178–179}}
26. ^1-ابوبكربن علي(شهادت او مشكوك است). 2-جعفربن علي. 3-عباس بن علي(ابولفضل) 4-عبدالله بن علي. 5-عبدالله بن علي العباس بن علي. 6-عبدالله بن الاصغر. 7-عثمان بن علي. 8-عمر بن علي. 9-محمد الاصغر بن علي. 10-محمدبن العباس بن علي."
27. ^Family tree of King Abdullah of Jordan
28. ^{{cite book |last=Johnson |first=John William |title=Heelloy: Modern Poetry and Songs of the Somali |year=1996 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=1874209812 |pages=23 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NEbASn8qayUC&dq}}
29. ^{{cite book |last=Al-Yasin |first=Shaykh Radi |others=Jasim al-Rasheed |title=Sulh al-Hasan |publisher=Ansariyan Publications |location=Qum |pages=4 |chapter=1}}
30. ^Madelung, "Al-Ukhaydir," p. 792