| 词条 | Synchrotron Radiation Source |
| 释义 |
The Synchrotron Radiation Source (SRS) at the Daresbury Laboratory in Cheshire, England was the first second-generation synchrotron radiation source to produce X-rays.[1][2][3] The research facility provided synchrotron radiation to a large number of experimental stations[4] and had an operating cost of approximately £20 million per annum.[5][6] SRS had been operated by the Science and Technology Facilities Council. The SRS was closed on 4 August 2008 after 28 years of operation.[7][8] HistoryFollowing the closure of the NINA synchrotron, construction of the facility commenced in 1975 and the first experiments were completed using the facility by 1981.[9][6] In 1986 the storage was upgraded with additional focusing to increase the output brightness, the new 'lattice' being termed the HBL (High Brightness Lattice). Dr. John Walker won the 1997 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his work on ATPase, for which he carried out studies on one of the SRS beamlines.[9] Design and evolutionLike all second-generation sources, the SRS was designed to produce synchrotron radiation principally from its dipole magnets, but the initial design foresaw the use of a high-field insertion device to provide shorter-wavelength electromagnetic radiation to particular users. The first storage ring design was a 2 GeV FODO lattice consisting of alternating focussing and defocussing quadrupoles, with one dipole following every quadrupole (i.e. two dipoles per repeating cell), giving a natural beam emittance of around 1000 nm-rad with 16 cells. The HBL upgrade implemented in 1986 increased the total number of quadrupoles to 32, whilst retaining the same number of cells and geometry, and reduced the operating emittance to around 100 nm-rad in the so-called 'HIQ' (high tune) configuration. A 'LOQ' (low tune) configuration was also provided, to allow the efficient storage of one intense bunch of electrons (instead of up to 160), to provide radiation bursts at 3.123 MHz (the revolution frequency of the electrons, corresponding to the 96 m circumference).[10] See also{{Portal box|Nuclear technology|Cheshire}}
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lightsources.org/history |title=History |publisher=lightsources.org |accessdate=20 July 2017}} 2. ^{{cite journal|url=http://www.synchrotron.org.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=49:ihm&catid=51:reviews&Itemid=53 |accessdate=20 July 2017 |title=Joule Lecture: The Saga of X-rays and Synchrotron Radiation in the North West |journal=Manchester Memoirs |volume=148 |date=23 February 2010 |author=Ian Munro}} 3. ^{{cite book|url=http://www.stfc.ac.uk/files/impact-publications/new-light-on-science/ |accessdate=20 July 2017 |title=New Light on Science: The Social & Economic impact of the Daresbury Synchrotron Radianiot Source, (1981-2008) |author=Science & Technology Facilities Council |date=2010 |chapter=4}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.srs.ac.uk/srs/stations.htm |title = STATIONS |accessdate=2007-10-13| publisher =Synchrotron Radiation Source |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100326170401/http://www.srs.ac.uk/srs/stations.htm |archivedate=26 March 2010}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.srs.ac.uk/srs/facts/facts_and_figures.htm |title = SRS Facts and Figures|accessdate=2007-10-13| publisher =Synchrotron Radiation Source |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100602232448/http://www.srs.ac.uk/srs/facts/facts_and_figures.htm |archivedate=2 June 2010}} 6. ^1 {{cite book|url=http://www.stfc.ac.uk/files/impact-publications/new-light-on-science/ |accessdate=20 July 2017 |title=New Light on Science: The Social & Economic impact of the Daresbury Synchrotron Radianiot Source, (1981-2008) |author=Science & Technology Facilities Council |date=2010 |chapter=ch13}} 7. ^{{citation |url=http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/technology/s/1061124_switched_offlens_that_gave_us_ipod |title=Switched off...lens that gave us iPod |last=Qureshi |first=Yakub |date=4 September 2008 |publisher=Manchester Evening News|accessdate=2008-08-04}} 8. ^{{Citation | url = http://www.srs.ac.uk/srs/ | title = After two million hours of science a British world first bids farewell | accessdate = 2009-01-10 | publisher = Synchrotron Radiation Source | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081218094736/http://www.srs.ac.uk/srs/ | archivedate = 2008-12-18 | df = }} 9. ^1 {{citation |url=http://www.srs.ac.uk/srum05/srum_timeline2.htm |title=Celebrate 25 years of the SRS |accessdate=2007-10-13 |publisher=Synchrotron Radiation Source |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071019034605/http://www.srs.ac.uk/srum05/srum_timeline2.htm |archivedate=2007-10-19 |df= }} 10. ^{{citation |url=http://cern.ch/AccelConf/e88/PDF/EPAC1988_0418.PDF |title = Performance of the Daresbury SRS With An Increased Brilliance Optic |accessdate=2009-08-11| publisher =CERN}} External links
3 : Research institutes in Cheshire|Science and Technology Facilities Council|Synchrotron radiation facilities |
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