| 词条 | Synthetoceras |
| 释义 |
|name = Synthetoceras |fossil_range = Middle-Late Miocene |image = Synthetoceras_BW.jpg |genus = Synthetoceras |species = tricornatus |authority = Stirton, 1932 }}Synthetoceras tricornatus is a large, extinct protoceratid artiodactyl, endemic to North America from the Miocene epoch, 13.6—5.33 Ma, existing for approximately {{Mya|13.6-5.33|million years}}.[1] TaxonomySynthetoceras was named by Stirton (1932). It is the type genus of Synthetoceratinae, Synthetoceratini. It was assigned to Protoceratidae by Stirton (1932), Thurmond and Jones (1981) and Carroll (1988); to Synthetoceratinae by Hulbert and Whitmore (2006); and to Synthetoceratini by Webb (1981), Prothero (1998), Webb et al. (2003) and Prothero and Ludtke (2007).[2][3][4][5]MorphologyWith a length of 2 m (6 ft 8 in), Synthetoceras was the largest member of its family. It was also the last, and had what is considered to be the protoceratids' strangest set of horns. The two horns above its eyes looked fairly normal and similar to those of many modern horned mammals, but on its snout it had a bizarre, long horn with a forked tip that gave it a Y shape. Only males had this strange horn, and they probably used it in territorial fights.[6] Body massThree fossil specimens of Synthetoceras were measured by M. Mendoza, C. M. Janis, and P. Palmqvist for body mass.[7] The specimens were determined to weigh:
Fossil distributionFossils have been recovered from:
References1. ^PaleoBiology Database: Poabromylus, basic info 2. ^R. A. Stirton. 1932. University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences 21(6) 3. ^J. T. Thurmond and D. E. Jones. 1981. Fossil Vertebrates of Alabama 1-244 4. ^R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution. W. H. Freeman and Company, New York 1-698 5. ^D. R. Prothero and J. A. Ludtke. 2007. Family Protoceratidae. in D. R. Prothero and S. Foss (eds.), The Evolution of Artiodactyls 169-176 6. ^{{cite book |editor=Palmer, D.|year=1999 |title= The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals|publisher= Marshall Editions|location=London|page= 273|isbn= 1-84028-152-9}} 7. ^M. Mendoza, C. M. Janis, and P. Palmqvist. 2006. Estimating the body mass of extinct ungulates: a study on the use of multiple regression. Journal of Zoology 270(1):90-101
6 : Protoceratids|Miocene even-toed ungulates|Messinian extinctions|Miocene mammals of North America|Serravallian first appearances|Fossil taxa described in 1932 |
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