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词条 Fantasmagoriana
释义

  1. Title

  2. Stories

     List of stories 

  3. References

{{Infobox book
| name = Fantasmagoriana
| image = Fantasmagoriana title page.jpg
| alt = A page with Fantasmagoriana in large letters, with its subtitle and publication details
| caption = First edition, volume 1 title page
| author = Johann Karl August Musäus, Johann August Apel, Friedrich Laun, Heinrich Clauren
| translator = Jean-Baptiste Benoît Eyriès
| country = France
| language = French
| genre = German Gothic fiction
| publisher = F. Schoell
| pub_date = 1812
| media_type = Print, Duodecimo
| pages = 600
| oclc = 559494402
}}

Fantasmagoriana is a French anthology of German ghost stories, translated anonymously by Jean-Baptiste Benoît Eyriès and published in 1812. Most of the stories are from the first two volumes of Johann August Apel and Friedrich Laun's {{lang|de|Gespensterbuch}} (1811), with other stories by Johann Karl August Musäus and Heinrich Clauren.

It was read by Lord Byron, Mary Shelley, Percy Bysshe Shelley, John William Polidori and Claire Clairmont at the Villa Diodati in Cologny, Switzerland during 1816, the Year Without a Summer, and inspired them to write their own ghost stories, including "The Vampyre" (1819), and Frankenstein (1818), both of which went on to shape the Gothic horror genre.[1]

Title

Fantasmagoriana takes its name from Étienne-Gaspard Robert's {{lang|fr|Fantasmagorie}}, a phantasmagoria show ({{lang-fr|fantasmagoria}}, from {{lang|fr|fantasme}}, "fantasy" or "hallucination", and possibly {{lang-gr|αγορά, agorá}}, "assembly" or "meeting", with the suffix {{lang|fr|-ia}}) of the late 1790s and early 1800s, using magic lantern projection through smoke together with ventriloquism and other sound effects to give the impression of ghosts ({{lang-fr|fantôme|links=no}}).[2][3] This is appended with the suffix {{lang|fr|-iana}}, which "denotes a collection of objects or information relating to a particular individual, subject, or place".[4][5]

The subtitle "{{lang|fr|Recueil d'histoires, d'apparitions, de spectres, revenans, fantômes, etc.; Traduit de l'allemand, par un Amateur}}" translates as "anthology of stories of apparitions of spectres, revenants, phantoms, etc.; translated from the German by an amateur".

The book and its title went on to inspire others by different authors, named in a similar vein: Spectriana (1817), Démoniana (1820) and Infernaliana (1822).[3]

Stories

Eyriès chose a selection of eight German ghost stories to translate for a French audience. The first story ("{{lang|fr|L'Amour Muet}}") was from Johann Karl August Musäus' satirical retellings of traditional folk tales {{lang|de|Volksmärchen der Deutschen}} (1786). The next ("{{lang|fr|Portraits de Famille}}") was by Johann August Apel, first published in 1805, but reprinted in his anthology {{lang|de|Cicaden}} (1810). Of the remaining six tales, five were from the first two volumes of Apel and Laun's {{lang|de|Gespensterbuch}} (1811), and one ("{{lang|fr|La Chambre Grise}}") was by the highly popular author Heinrich Clauren, which had been parodied by Apel in one of his {{lang|de|Gespensterbuch}} stories ("{{lang|de|Die schwarze Kammer}}", translated as "{{lang|fr|La Chambre Noire}}").[6] Fantasmagoriana was translated into English in 1813 by Sarah Elizabeth Brown Utterson as Tales of the Dead with only three of the six stories from Gespensterbuch. Three editions in three countries and languages over a period of three years shows that these ghost stories were very popular.[7]

List of stories

Vol.|Volume{{lang>fr|Fantasmagoriana English translation German original German source Author
1 fr|L'Amour Muet}}" Dumb Love de|Stumme Liebe}}"{{lang>de|Volksmärchen der Deutschen}}, vol. 4 Musäus
1 fr|Portraits de Famille}}" Family Portraits de|Die Bilder der Ahnen}}"{{lang>de|Cicaden}}, vol. 1 Apel
1 fr|La Tête de Mort}}" The Death's Head de|Der Todtenkopf}}"{{lang>de|Das Gespensterbuch}}, vol. 2 Laun
2 fr|La Morte Fiancée}}" The Death Bride de|Die Todtenbraut}}"{{lang>de|Das Gespensterbuch}}, vol. 2 Laun
2 fr|L'Heure Fatale}}" The Fated Hour de|Die Verwandtschaft mit der Geisterwelt}}"{{lang>de|Das Gespensterbuch}}, vol. 1 Laun
2 fr|Le Revenant}}" The Revenant de|Der Geist des Verstorbenen}}"{{lang>de|Das Gespensterbuch}}, vol. 1 Laun
2 fr|La Chambre Grise}}" The Grey Chamber de|Die graue Stube (Eine buchstäblich wahre Geschichte)}}"{{lang>de|Der Freimüthige}} (newspaper) Clauren
2 fr|La Chambre Noire}}" The Black Chamber de|Die schwarze Kammer. Anekdote}}"{{lang>de|Das Gespensterbuch}}, vol. 2 Apel

References

1. ^{{cite book | first1 = D. L. | last1 = Macdonald | first2 = Kathleen | last2 = Scherf | title = The Vampyre and Ernestus Berchtold; or, The Modern Œdipus | chapter = Introduction | publisher = Broadview Editions | location = Peterborough | year = 2008 | page = 10 }}
2. ^{{Cite book| first=Theodore | last=Barber | title=Phantasmagorical Wonders: The Magic Lantern Ghost Show in Nineteenth-Century America | publisher=Indiana University Press | year=1989 | pages=73–75 }}
3. ^1 {{cite book| first=Terry | last=Hale | chapter=Introduction | title=Tales of the Dead | publisher=The Gothic Society | edition=2nd | date=1994 | page=12 }}
4. ^{{cite dictionary| title=-iana | encyclopedia=Collins English Dictionary – Complete & Unabridged | edition= 10th | publisher=HarperCollins | date=2012 | url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/-iana | access-date=27 November 2015 }}
5. ^{{cite dictionary| title=-ana | encyclopedia=Collins English Dictionary – Complete & Unabridged | edition= 10th | publisher=HarperCollins | date=2012 | url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/-ana | access-date=27 November 2015 }}
6. ^{{cite journal | first1 = Georg | last1 = Herzfeld | first2 = Alfred | last2 = Rosenbaum | title = Ze Den Quellen Der Fantasmagoriana | journal = Englische Studien | language=de | pages = 157–159 | volume = 49 | issue = 1 | date = July 1915 | publisher = O. R. Reisland | location = Leipzig | url = https://archive.org/stream/englischestudien49leipuoft#page/156/mode/2up }}
7. ^{{Cite journal|last=van Woudenberg|first=Maximiliaan|date=2014|title=The Variants and Transformations of Fantasmagoriana: Tracing a Travelling Text to the Byron-Shelley Circle|url=https://www.euppublishing.com/doi/abs/10.3366/rom.2014.0194|journal=Romanticism|volume=20.3|pages=306–320|via=}}
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4 : 1812 short story collections|French short story collections|Horror anthologies|German horror fiction
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