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词条 Table of keyboard shortcuts
释义

  1. Comparison of keyboard shortcuts

      General shortcuts    Navigation    Power management    Screenshots    Text editing    Text formatting    Browsers / Go menu    Web browsers    Tab management    Window management    User interface navigation (widgets and controls)    Command line shortcuts    Accessibility  

  2. See also

  3. Notes

  4. References

  5. External links

{{selfref|{{For|keyboard shortcuts in Wikipedia|Wikipedia:Keyboard shortcuts}}}}

In computing, a keyboard shortcut is a sequence or combination of keystrokes on a computer keyboard which invokes commands in software.

Most keyboard shortcuts require the user to press a single key or a sequence of keys one after the other. Other keyboard shortcuts require pressing and holding several keys simultaneously (indicated in the tables below by this sign: +). Keyboard shortcuts may depend on the keyboard layout.

Comparison of keyboard shortcuts

{{main|Keyboard shortcut}}

Keyboard shortcuts are a common aspect of most modern operating systems and associated software applications. Their use is pervasive enough that some users consider them an important element of their routine interactions with a computer. Whether used as a matter of personal preference or for adaptive technology, the pervasiveness of common conventions means that a meaningful comparison of keyboard shortcuts can be made across various widely used operating systems.

Cells with a yellow background in the tables below denote Apple's "sacred" keybindings.

General shortcuts

A note regarding KDE's shortcuts is that they can be changed and the below list contains the defaults. Some of the combinations are not true for localized versions of operating systems. For example, in a non-English version of Windows, the Edit menu is not always bound to the {{#invoke:key|press|E}} shortcut. Furthermore, many shortcuts (such as {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Z}}, {{#invoke:key|press|Alt|E}}, etc.) are just common conventions and are not handled by the operating system. Whether such commands are implemented (or not) depends on how an actual application program (such as an editor) is written. Not all applications follow (all of) these conventions, so if it doesn't work, it isn't compatible.

ActionWindowsmacOSKDE / GNOMEEmacsVimChrome OS
File menupress|Alt|F}}, or {{#invoke:key|press|F10}} then {{#invoke:key|press|F}}press|Ctrl|F2}}, then {{#invoke:key|press|F}}press|Alt|F}}press|Meta|`}}, then {{#invoke:key|press|f}}press|Alt|f}} (gvim)

or {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|e}} (vim + NERDTree)

press|Ctrl|O}}
Edit menupress|Alt|E}}press|Ctrl|F2}}, then {{#invoke:key|press|E}}press|Alt|E}}press|Meta|`}}, then {{#invoke:key|press|e}}press|Alt|e}} (gvim)
View menupress|Alt|V}}press|Ctrl|F2}}, then {{#invoke:key|press|V}}press|Alt|V}}
Undo the last operationpress|Ctrl|Z}}, or
{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Backspace}}		{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|Z}}press|Ctrl|Z}}press|Ctrl|x}}, then {{#invoke:key|press|u}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|/}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|_}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|Undo}}		press|u}}press|Ctrl|Z}}
Redo the last operationpress|Ctrl|Y}}, or {{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Alt|Backspace}}press|Shift|Cmd|Z}}press|Shift|Ctrl|Z}}, or {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Y}} Same as undo, when undo is exhausted, it redoes. Move the cursor after one or more undos, and further undos will be redos.press|Ctrl|r}}press|Ctrl|Shift|Z}}
Cut the selection and store it in the clipboardpress|Ctrl|X}}, or {{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Del}}{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|X}}press|Ctrl|X}}press|Ctrl|w}}press|x}}or {{#invoke:key|press|"ax}} to cut in register "a"or {{#invoke:key|press|"+x}} to cut in system clipboardpress|Ctrl|X}}
Copy the selection into the clipboardpress|Ctrl|C}}, or {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Ins}}{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|C}}press|Ctrl|C}}press|Meta|w}}, or {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Ins}}press|y}}

or {{#invoke:key|press|"ay}}

or {{#invoke:key|press|"+y}}

press|Ctrl|C}}
Paste contents of clipboard at cursorpress|Ctrl|V}},or {{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Ins}}{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|V}}press|Ctrl|V}}press|Ctrl|y}}, or {{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Ins}}press|p}}or {{#invoke:key|press|"ap}} to paste the content of the "a" registeror {{#invoke:key|press|"+p}} to paste the content of the system clipboardpress|Ctrl|V}}
Paste specialpress|Shift|Opt|Cmd|V}}press|Ctrl|Shift|V}}press|Meta|y}}press|Ctrl|Shift|V}}
Select all in focused control or windowpress|Ctrl|A}}{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|A}}press|Ctrl|A}}press|Ctrl|x}}, then {{#invoke:key|press|h}}press|ggVG}}, unlikely ever needed as most command take an optional range parameter. {{#invoke:key|press|%}} means "all in focused windows" here so e.g. to copy all the text, use {{#invoke:key|press|{{colon}}%y}}press|Ctrl|A}}
Cycle through installed keyboard languages / input methodspress|Shift|Alt}}, or {{#invoke:key|press|Win|Space}}The latter displays a menu with the currently selected input method highlighted, and debuted in Windows 8.press|Cmd|Space}} (not MBR)Configure desired keypress in Keyboard and Mouse Preferences, Keyboard Shortcuts, Select the next source in Input menu.[5]press|Ctrl|Alt|K}} via KDE Keyboard{{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Alt}} in GNOMEpress|Ctrl|\\}}press|Ctrl|Space}}
Printpress|Ctrl|P}}press|Ctrl|P}}

Navigation

ActionWindowsmacOSKDE/GNOMEChrome OS
New browser window with same page as currentpress|Ctrl|N}}
(for both explorer.exe and iexplore.exe)		press|Cmd|T}}press|Ctrl|N}}
New folderpress|Ctrl|Shift|N}}press|Shift|Cmd|N}}press|Ctrl|Shift|N}}
Applications menupress|Win}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Esc}}		press|Ctrl|F2}}, then {{#invoke:key|press|"n"}}press|Alt|}}e.g. for File{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|F}}press|Search}}
Lock desktoppress|Win|L}}[8]press|Ctrl|Cmd|Q}}[9] (macOS High Sierra and greater)
or {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|Eject}} or MBR {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|Pwr}}(If "Require password after sleep or screen saver" is enabled in "System Preferences — Security & Privacy")		press|Ctrl|Alt|L}}press|Power}} (Hold for 3 seconds)
Show desktoppress|Win|D}}press|F11}}press|Ctrl|Alt|D}}
Minimize all windowspress|Win|M}}, then use {{#invoke:key|press|Win|Shift|M}} to bring back all windowspress|Ctrl|Super|D}}
Log out userpress|Shift|Cmd|Q}}press|Ctrl|Alt|Delete}}press|Ctrl|Shift|Q}} (Twice)
Switch active userpress|Win|L}}
Task managerpress|Ctrl|Shift|Esc}},
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Alt|Delete}}		press|Opt|Cmd|Esc}}press|Ctrl|Esc}}press|Search|Esc}}
Rename objectpress|F2}}press|Enter}} or {{#invoke:key|press|F2}}press|F2}}
Open file or programpress|Enter}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Enter}}{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|O}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|↓}}press|Enter}}
Switch window (next/previous)press|Alt|Tab}} /{{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Alt|Tab}}press|Cmd|Tab}} /{{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Cmd|Tab}}press|Ctrl|Tab}} /{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|Tab}}press|Alt}}, then quickly press {{#invoke:key|press|Tab}}
Switch window without dialog (next/previous)press|Alt|Esc}} /{{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Alt|Esc}}Only works within single Applications
{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|`}} /{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|~}}		press|Ctrl|Esc}} /{{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Ctrl|Esc}}
Run applicationpress|Win}}, enter executable name or
{{#invoke:key|press|Win|R}}, enter executable name		press|Cmd|Space}}, enter executable name or {{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|↓}}press|Alt|F2}}, enter executable name
Searchpress|Win}}, enter executable name or
{{#invoke:key|press|Win|F}} or {{#invoke:key|press|F3}}		press|Cmd|Space}}press|Search}}
Show Hidden Filespress|Shift|Cmd|.}}, while in Finder, will toggle setting

Power management

ActionWindowsmacOSKDE / GNOMEChrome OS
Place computer into sleep/standby modepress|Win|x}} > {{#invoke:key|press|u}} > {{#invoke:key|press|s}}

Windows 7: {{#invoke:key|press|Win|Right|Right|Enter}}

{{#invoke:key|press|Sleep}} (available on some keyboards)		press|Opt|Cmd|Eject}}press|Sleep}} (available on some keyboards, configurable in Control Panel ➢ Power Options ➢ Advanced tab dialog box)
Windows task managerpress|Ctrl|Shift|Esc}}
Shut down computerpress|Win|x}} > {{#invoke:key|press|u}} > {{#invoke:key|press|u}}press|Ctrl|Opt|Cmd|Eject}}(no confirmation, shutdown is immediate)press|Ctrl|Alt|Shift|PageDown}}(KDE; no confirmation, shutdown is immediate)press|Power}} (Hold for 10 seconds)
Restart computerpress|Win|x}} > {{#invoke:key|press|u}} > {{#invoke:key|press|r}}
Windows 7: {{#invoke:key|press|Win|Right|Right|Up|Enter}}		{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Cmd|Eject}}[13](no confirmation, restart is immediate)press|Ctrl|Alt|Shift|PageUp}}(KDE; no confirmation, restart is immediate)
Place display in sleep modepress|Ctrl|Shift|Eject}}
Bring up power/sleep dialog boxpress|Ctrl|Eject}}
Force shutdownpress|Power}} (Hold for several seconds)press|Opt|Cmd|Eject}}press|refresh|power}}

Screenshots

ActionWindowsmacOSKDE / GNOME
Save screenshot of entire screen as filepress|Win|Print Screen}}press|Shift|Cmd|3}}[14]press|Print Screen}} set the name and click "Save". GNOME Shell[15]
Copy screenshot of entire screen to clipboardpress|Win|Print Screen}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Print Screen}}press|Ctrl|Shift|Cmd|3}}press|Ctrl|Print Screen}}
Copy screenshot of active window to clipboardpress|Alt|Print Screen}}press|Ctrl|Alt|Print Screen}}
Save screenshot of window as filepress|Shift|Cmd|4}} then {{#invoke:key|press|Space}} then move mouse and clickpress|Alt|Print Screen}} set the name and click "Save". GNOME[15]
Save screenshot of arbitrary area as filepress|Shift|Cmd|4}} then click+drag mouse over required areapress|Shift|Print Screen}} set the name and click "Save". GNOME[15]
Copy screenshot of window to clipboardpress|Ctrl|Shift|Cmd|4}} then {{#invoke:key|press|Space}} then move mouse and clickpress|Alt|Print Screen}} click "Copy to Clipboard". GNOME[15]
Copy screenshot of arbitrary area to clipboardpress|Win|Shift|S}}press|Ctrl|Shift|Cmd|4}} then click+drag mouse over required areapress|Shift|Print Screen}} click "Copy to Clipboard". GNOME[15]
Screencastingpress|Ctrl|Shift|Alt|R}}[20][21]

Text editing

Many of these commands may be combined with {{#invoke:key|press|Shift}} to select a region of text.

ActionWindowsmacOSKDE / GNOMEEmacsVimChrome OS
Delete char to the right of cursorpress|Del}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|Fn|Backspace}}		press|Del}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|Fn|Backspace}}		press|Del}}press|Ctrl|d}}press|x}}press|Alt|Backspace}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Del}}
Delete word to the right of cursorpress|Ctrl|Del}}press|Opt|Del}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|Opt|Fn|Backspace}}		press|Ctrl|Del}}press|Meta|d}}press|dw}}
(delete space too)or
{{#invoke:key|press|de}} (keep space)
Delete word to the left of cursor{{#invoke:key>press|Ctrl|Backspace}}{{#invoke:key>press|Opt|Backspace}}{{#invoke:key>press|Ctrl|Backspace}}{{#invoke:key>press|Ctrl|Backspace}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|Meta|Backspace}}		press|dge}}
(delete space too)or
{{#invoke:key|press|db}} (keep space)		press|Backspace}}
Go to start of linepress|Home}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|Fn|←}}		press|Cmd|←}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|A}}		press|Home}}press|Ctrl|a}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|Home}}		press|^}}
(go to first non-space) or
{{#invoke:key|press|0}}
(go to column 0)
Go to end of linepress|End}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|Fn|→}}		press|Cmd|→}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|E}}		press|End}}press|Ctrl|e}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|End}}		press|$}}
Go to start of documentpress|Ctrl|Home}}press|Cmd|↑}}press|Ctrl|Home}}press|Meta|<}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Home}}		press|gg}}press|Ctrl|search|←}}
Go to end of documentpress|Ctrl|End}}press|Cmd|↓}}press|Ctrl|End}}press|Meta|>}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|End}}		press|G}}press|Ctrl|search|→}}
Go to previous wordpress|Ctrl|←}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|/}}		press|Opt|←}}press|Ctrl|←}}press|Meta|b}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|←}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|Meta|←}}		press|b}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|ge}}
Go to next wordpress|Ctrl|→}}press|Opt|→}}press|Ctrl|→}}press|Meta|f}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|→}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|Meta|→}}		press|w}} or {{#invoke:key|press|e}}
Go to previous linepress|↑}}press|↑}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|p}}		press|↑}}press|Ctrl|p}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|↑}} |{{#invoke:key|press|k}} or {{#invoke:key|press|↑}}		press|k}} or {{#invoke:key|press|↑}}
Go to next linepress|↓}}press|↓}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|n}}		press|↓}}press|Ctrl|n}} or {{#invoke:key|press|↓}}press|j}} or {{#invoke:key|press|↓}}
Go to previous line break (paragraph)press|Ctrl|↑}}press|Opt|↑}}press|Ctrl|↑}}
(kword or GNOME)		press|Meta|(}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Control|Up}}press|(}}
Go to next line breakpress|Ctrl|↓}}press|Opt|↓}}press|Ctrl|↓}}
(kword or GNOME)		press|Meta|{{)}}}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|Control|Down}}		press|)}}
Move the cursor down the length of the viewportpress|Page Down}}press|Opt|⇟}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|Opt|Fn|↓}}		press|Page Down}}press|Ctrl|v}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|Page Down}}		press|Ctrl|f}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|Page Down}}
Move the cursor up the length of the viewportpress|Page Up}}press|Opt|⇞}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|Opt|Fn|↑}}		press|Page Up}}press|Meta|v}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|Page Up}}		press|Ctrl|b}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|Page Up}}
Findpress|Ctrl|F}}{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|F}}{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|E}}
(Search with current selection)		press|Ctrl|F}}{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|K}} (GNOME; interactive search)press|Ctrl|s}}press|/}}press|Ctrl|F}}
Go to next search resultpress|F3}}{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|G}}press|Ctrl|G}} (GNOME) or
{{#invoke:key|press|F3}} (KDE)[24]		press|Ctrl|s}}press|n}}
Go to previous search resultpress|Shift|F3}}{{#invoke:key>press|Shift|Cmd|G}}{{#invoke:key>press|Shift|Ctrl|G}} (GNOME) or
{{#invoke:key|press|Shift|F3}} (KDE)[24]		press|Ctrl|r}}press|N}}
Search and replacepress|Ctrl|H}}press|Cmd|F}}press|Ctrl|H}} (GNOME) or
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|R}} (KDE)		press|Meta|%}}press|%s/fosh/fish/gc}}
Search with a regular expressionpress|Ctrl|Meta|s}}All searches use regular expressions.
Search and replace with a regular expressionpress|Ctrl|Meta|%}}

Text formatting

ActionWindows WordPadmacOSKDE / GNOME[28]EmacsVim
Boldpress|Ctrl|B}}{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|B}}press|Ctrl|B}}press|Meta|o}}, then {{#invoke:key|press|b}}
Underlinepress|Ctrl|U}}{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|U}}press|Ctrl|U}}press|Meta|o}}, then {{#invoke:key|press|u}}
Italicpress|Ctrl|I}}{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|I}}press|Ctrl|I}}press|Meta|o}}, then {{#invoke:key|press|i}}
Uppercase / Lowercasepress|Ctrl|Shift|A}}press|Opt|Cmd|C}}press|Shift}}+{{#invoke:key|press|F3}}press|Meta|u}} for upper,{{#invoke:key|press|Meta|l}} for lower,{{#invoke:key|press|Meta|c}} for capitalized.press|gU}} for upper, {{#invoke:key|press|gu}} for lower, {{#invoke:key|press|~}} to toggle.
Superscriptpress|Ctrl|Shift|{{=}}}}press|Ctrl|Cmd|+}} (some applications only)press|Ctrl|Shift|P}}[29]
Subscriptpress|Ctrl|{{=}}}}press|Ctrl|Cmd|-}} (some applications only)press|Ctrl|Shift|B}}[29]
Selected text larger/smallerpress|Ctrl|Shift|>}}, {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|<}}

or

{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|[}}, {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl/core|]}}		press|Opt|Shift|>}}
{{#invoke:key|press|Opt|Shift|<}}
Selected text Bullets or Numbered Itemspress|Ctrl|Shift|L}}
Insert Linebreakpress|Ctrl|Enter}}press|Opt|Enter}}press|Ctrl|Enter}}

Browsers / Go menu

ActionWindowsmacOSKDE / GNOMEChrome OS
Go to Address Barpress|Alt}}+{{#invoke:key|press|D}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Alt|C}} or {{#invoke:key|press|F6}}
depending on language		press|Cmd|L}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Cmd|G}}press|Ctrl}}+{{#invoke:key|press|L}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Alt}}+{{#invoke:key|press|D}} or {{#invoke:key|press|F6}}press|Ctrl|L}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Alt|D}}
Go to the previous location in history[1]press|Alt|Left}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Backspace}}press|Cmd|[}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|Left}}press|Alt|Left}}press|←}}
Go to the next location in historypress|Alt|Right}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Backspace}} (web browser only)press|Cmd|]}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|Right}}press|Alt|Right}}press|→}}
Go up one level in the navigation hierarchypress|Alt|Up}} (Vista, 7 or 8 only) or {{#invoke:key|press|Backspace}} (Windows Explorer)press|Cmd|Up}}press|Alt|Up}}
Go to the starting page defined by the user or applicationpress|Alt|Home}}press|Cmd|Home}}press|Ctrl|Home}} (KDE) /{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Home}} (GNOME)

Web browsers

ActionWindowsmacOSKDE / GNOMEEmacs-w3mVimperatorChrome OS
Bookmarks menupress|Ctrl|B}}press|Cmd|B}}
(Firefox)		press|Alt|B}}press|v}}press|{{colon}}bmarks}}
URL Shortcuts (Adds www. + .com)press|Enter}}press|Cmd|Enter}} (Firefox) or
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Enter}} (Chrome)		press|Ctrl|Enter}}press|Ctrl|Enter}}
URL Shortcuts (Adds www. + .org){{#invoke:key>press|Ctrl|Shift|Enter}}{{#invoke:key>press|Shift|Cmd|Enter}} (Firefox){{#invoke:key>press|Ctrl|Shift|Enter}}
URL Shortcuts (Adds www. + .net)press|Shift|Enter}}press|Shift|Enter}} (Firefox)press|Shift|Enter}}
Add bookmark for current pagepress|Ctrl|D}}press|Cmd|D}}press|Ctrl|B}} /
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|D}}		press|a}}press|{{colon}}bmark}}press|Ctrl|D}}
Add bookmark for current linkpress|Meta|a}}
Manage bookmarkspress|Ctrl|B}}{{#invoke:key>press|Cmd|Opt|B}} (Chrome/Safari) or
{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|Shift|B}} (Firefox)		{{#invoke:key>press|Ctrl|Shift|R}} /
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|B}}
Focus and select Web search barpress|Ctrl|E}}press|Cmd|E}} (Opera) or
{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|K}} (Firefox) or
{{#invoke:key|press|Opt|Cmd|F}} (Safari)		press|Ctrl|k}}press|t}} (open in a new tab) or
{{#invoke:key|press|T}} (open in current tab)		press|Ctrl|E}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|K}}
Focus and select address barpress|Ctrl|L}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|F6}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|D}}		press|Cmd|L}}press|Ctrl|L}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|D}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|F6}}		press|g}}press|O}} to alter URL,
use {{#invoke:key|press|y}} to copy it.		press|Ctrl|L}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Alt|D}}
Refresh a webpagepress|F5}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|R}}		press|Cmd|R}}press|F5}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|R}}		press|R}}press|r}}press|⟲}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|R}}
Refresh a webpage ignoring cachepress|Ctrl|F5}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|R}}		{{#invoke:key>press|Opt|Cmd|E}} then {{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|R}}{{#invoke:key>press|Ctrl|Shift|F5}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|R}}press|R}}press|Ctrl|Shift|R}}
Open a new windowpress|Ctrl|N}}press|Cmd|N}}
(Chrome)		press|Ctrl|N}}press|{{colon}}winopen}}press|Ctrl|N}}
Zoom Options
(zoom in /
zoom out /
zoom 100%)		press|Ctrl|+}} /
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|-}} /
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|0}}		press|Cmd|+}} /
{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|-}} /
{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|0}}		press|Ctrl|+}} /
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|-}} /
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|0}}		press|zi}} / {{#invoke:key|press|zo}} / {{#invoke:key|press|zz}} (text only)

or {{#invoke:key|press|zI}} / {{#invoke:key|press|zO}} / {{#invoke:key|press|zZ}} (text and images)

Tab management

ActionWindowsmacOSKDE / GNOMEEmacs-w3mVimperatorChrome OS
New tabpress|Ctrl|T}}press|Cmd|T}}{{#invoke:key>press|Ctrl|Shift|N}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|T}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|T}}		press|Ctrl|c}}, then {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|t}}press|t}}press|Ctrl|T}}
Close tabpress|Ctrl|W}}press|Cmd|W}}press|Ctrl|W}} Mozilla Firefox[37] & Opera[38] & Chrome[39] & Arora[40] & Epiphany[41] & Midori{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|F4}} Mozilla Firefox[37] & Opera[38] & Chrome[39] & Arora[40]press|d}}press|Ctrl|W}}
Close all tabs but the current one{{#invoke:key>press|Cmd|Opt|T}} (Safari)press|Ctrl|c}}, then {{#invoke:key|press|Meta|w}}
Go to next tabpress|Ctrl|Tab}}press|Ctrl|Tab}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|Shift|→}} (Safari)		press|Ctrl|PageDown}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Tab}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|.}}		press|Ctrl|c}}, then {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|n}}press|gt}}press|Ctrl|Tab}}
Go to previous tab{{#invoke:key>press|Ctrl|Shift|Tab}}{{#invoke:key>press|Shift|Ctrl|tab}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|Shift|←}} (Safari)		press|Ctrl|PageUp}} or
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|Tab}}
or{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|,}}		press|Ctrl|c}}, then {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|p}}press|gT}}press|Ctrl|Shift|Tab}}
Go to tab-npress|Ctrl|n}}
(Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer)		press|Cmd|n}} (Chrome)press|Alt|n}} (Chrome, Firefox) or
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|n}} (Chrome)		press|g0}}

Last tab: {{#invoke:key|press|g$}}

press|Ctrl|b}}
Open a previously closed tab{{#invoke:key>press|Ctrl|Shift|T}}{{#invoke:key>press|Cmd|Shift|T}}
(Firefox, Opera, Chrome)		{{#invoke:key>press|Ctrl|Shift|T}}
(Firefox, Opera, Chrome)[39][47][48]		{{#invoke:key>press|Ctrl|Shift|T}} (Firefox)[47]press|u}}press|Ctrl|Shift|T}}
Open a previously closed window{{#invoke:key>press|Ctrl|Shift|N}} (Firefox)[47]press|Ctrl|Shift|T}}

Window management

ActionWindowsmacOSKDEGNOMEEmacs
Close the current internet tabpress|Ctrl|w}}press|Cmd|F11}}
Force window mode (Application requires functionality for set action)press|Alt|Enter}}press|Opt|Alt|Enter}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Option|Alt|F}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|F}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|Option|F}}
Pop up window menupress|Alt|Space}}press|Alt|F3}}press|Alt|Space}}press|Meta|`}}, then {{#invoke:key|press|b}}
Close the focused windowpress|Alt|F4}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Space}} then {{#invoke:key|press|C}}{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|W}}press|Alt|F4}}press|Alt|F4}}press|Ctrl|x}}, then {{#invoke:key|press|k}}
Close all windows of current applicationpress|Cmd|Opt|W}}
Restore the focused window to its previous sizepress|Alt|Space}} then {{#invoke:key|press|R}}press|Alt|F3}} then {{#invoke:key|press|X}}press|Alt|F5}}press|Ctrl|x}}, then {{#invoke:key|press|r}}, then {{#invoke:key|press|j}}, then letter of the window state register.
Move the focused windowpress|Alt|Space}} then {{#invoke:key|press|M}} then {{#invoke:key|press|Arrow Keys}} and {{#invoke:key|press|Enter}} (to save new location)press|Alt}}+Mouse /{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|F3}} then {{#invoke:key|press|M}} then {{#invoke:key|press|Arrow Keys}}press|Alt}}+Mouse /{{#invoke:key|press|Alt|F7}} then {{#invoke:key|press|Arrow Keys}}
Resize the focused windowpress|Alt|Space}} then {{#invoke:key|press|S}} then {{#invoke:key|press|Arrow Keys}} and {{#invoke:key|press|Enter}} (to save new size)press|Alt|F3}} then {{#invoke:key|press|S}} then {{#invoke:key|press|Arrow Keys}}press|Alt|F8}} then {{#invoke:key|press|Arrow Keys}}press|Ctrl|x}}, then {{#invoke:key|press|^}} vertically
Keep window always on toppress|Ctrl|Alt|Esc}} (toggles on/off)
Hide the focused windowpress|Cmd|H}}press|Meta|x}}, then bury-buffer, then {{#invoke:key|press|Enter}}
Hide all except the focused windowpress|Cmd|Option|H}}
Minimize the focused windowpress|Alt|Esc}}
Minimize the focused windowpress|Alt|Space}} then {{#invoke:key|press|N}}, or {{#invoke:key|press|Win|down}} (Windows Vista Home Premium, Windows >=7)press|Cmd|M}}press|Alt|F3}} then {{#invoke:key|press|N}}press|Alt|F9}}press|Meta|x}}, then bury-buffer, then {{#invoke:key|press|Enter}}
Maximize the focused windowpress|Alt|Space}} then {{#invoke:key|press|X}}, in Microsoft Windows, all shortcuts with {{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Space}} followed by another key are language dependent. The {{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Space}} combination opens the window menu, and the following key selects from the menu. As the menu labels (and their underlined hotkeys) vary with the Windows system language, the hotkeys are different for international versions of Microsoft Windows, and may change if users change their Windows system language preference. The given examples are valid for English user preferences/version of Windows. or {{#invoke:key|press|Win|up}} (Windows 7, 8, 10)press|Cmd|L}}press|Alt|F3}} then {{#invoke:key|press|X}}press|Alt|F10}}press|Ctrl|x}}, then {{#invoke:key|press|1}}
Maximize horizontallyAvailable, but no defaultAvailable, but no default
Maximize verticallypress|Win|Shift|Up}} (Windows 7 and Windows 8)Available ('Zoom'), but no defaultAvailable, but no defaultAvailable, but no default
Minimize allpress|Win|M}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Win|D}}press|Cmd|Alt|M}}Available, but no defaultpress|Ctrl|Alt|D}}
Minimize all non focused windowspress|Win|Home}} (Windows 7, 8.1, 10)Available, but no default
Undo minimize allpress|Shift|Win|M}}Available, but no defaultpress|Ctrl|Alt|D}}
Switch fullscreen/normal sizepress|F11}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Win|Shift|Enter}} (UWP apps only)press|Cmd|Shift|F}}press|F11}}press|F11}}
Show the window in full screen mode, with no border, menubar, toolbar or statusbarDepends on application, system default: {{#invoke:key>press|Cmd|Ctrl|F}}press|Ctrl|Shift|F}}press|Ctrl|F11}}
Rollup/down windowAvailable, but no defaultpress|Alt|F12}}
Show all open windowspress|Win|Tab}}press|F3}} or{{#invoke:key|press|F9}} or{{#invoke:key|press|Fn|F9}} or

Move mouse pointer to configured hot corner or active screen corner[59][60]

press|Win}} works per desktop on Gnome 3+press|Ctrl|x}}, then {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|b}}
Show all windows of current application⊞ Win+Tab ↹press|Ctrl|F3}} or{{#invoke:key|press|F10}} or

Move mouse pointer to configured hot corner or active screen corner[59][60]

press|Ctrl|`}}press|Ctrl|x}}, then {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|b}}
Show all workspacespress|win|tab}} (only Windows 10)press|F8}} or

Move mouse pointer to configured hot corner or active screen corner[59][60]

press|Win}} then mouse over the desktop bar on the right edge of the screen
Move window to left/right/up/down workspacepress|win|Left}}/{{#invoke:key|press|Right}} (Windows 7 and Windows 8)Available, but no defaultpress|Ctrl|Alt|Shift|Left}} / {{#invoke:key|press|Right}} / {{#invoke:key|press|Up}} / {{#invoke:key|press|Down}}
Move window between multiple monitorspress|win|Shift|Left}}/{{#invoke:key|press|Right}} (Windows 7 and Windows 8)
Move window to workspace nAvailable, but no default
Switch to next/previous workspace listAvailable, but no default
Go to workspace npress|Ctrl|n}}press|Ctrl|Fn}}
Go to left/right/up/down workspacepress|Ctrl|Left}} /{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Right}} /{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Up}} /{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Down}} (OS X 10.5 to 10.6),{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Left}} /{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Right}} (OS X 10.7 and later)Available, but no defaultpress|Ctrl|Alt|Left}} /{{#invoke:key|press|Right}} / {{#invoke:key|press|Up}} / {{#invoke:key|press|Down}}
Quit application of current windowpress|Alt|F4}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|F4}} varies{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|Q}}press|Ctrl|Alt|Esc}}press|q}}
Close dialogpress|Esc}} (Laptop)
{{#invoke:key|press|Win|Down|F4}} (Desktop)		press|Esc}}
Open/Focus (preview) pinned program on the taskbarpress|Win|(#)}} where "#" is the position of the program on the Windows Taskbar (Windows 7 and Windows 8.1)
Open new program window of pinned program in Quick Launchpress|Win|(#)}} where "#" is the position of the program on the Quick Launch toolbar (Windows Vista, 7 and 8.1)press|Cmd|A|Shift}}
Open new program window of the pinned program on the taskbar (if program is already opened)press|Win|Shift|(#)}} where "#" is the position of the program on the Windows Taskbar (Windows 7 and Windows 8.1)
Focus the first taskbar entry. Pressing again will cycle through thempress|Win|T}}, you can {{#invoke:key|press|Left}}{{#invoke:key|press|Right}} back and forth. Hold {{#invoke:key|press|Shift}} to cycle backwards (Windows 7 and Windows 8.1)
Peek at the desktoppress|Win|Space}} (Windows 7 only)
{{#invoke:key|press|Fn|Win}} (Windows 8 and later)		press|Cmd|F3}} or{{#invoke:key|press|F11}} or

Move mouse pointer to configured hot corner or active screen corner[59][60]

Bring gadgets to the front of the Z-order and cycle between gadgetspress|Win|G}} (Windows Vista,7) or {{#invoke:key|press|Win|Space}} (Vista only, no cycling)
External display options (mirror, extend desktop, etc.)press|Win|P}} (Windows 7, Windows 8 and Windows 10)

User interface navigation (widgets and controls)

ActionWindowsmacOSKDEGNOME
Moves keyboard focus to next/previous controlpress|Tab}} / {{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Tab}}press|Tab}} / {{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Tab}}press|Tab}} / {{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Tab}}press|Tab}} / {{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Tab}}{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Tab}} / {{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Ctrl|Tab}}
Pop up tooltip for currently focused controlpress|Shift|F1}}press|Ctrl|F1}}
Show context-sensitive help for currently focused window or controlpress|Shift|F1}}{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|?}}press|Shift|F1}}press|Shift|F1}}
Give focus to next/previous panepress|Ctrl|F6}} / {{#invoke:key|press|Alt|F6}}press|Cmd|`}}press|F6}} / {{#invoke:key|press|Shift|F6}}
Give focus to splitter bar in paned windowpress|F8}}
Give focus to window's menu barpress|F10}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Alt}}press|Cmd|Shift|/}}, then type command name, or
{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|F2}} (or {{#invoke:key|press|Fn|Ctrl|F2}} on some keyboards)		press|Alt}}press|F10}}
Pop up contextual menu for currently selected objects (aka context menu)press|Shift|F10}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Menu}}press|Fn|Ctrl|5}} or{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|5}} (numeric keypad) or{{#invoke:key|press|Function|Ctrl|I}} (laptop)press|Menu}}press|Menu}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Shift|F10}}
Toggle selected state of focused checkbox, radio button, or toggle buttonpress|Space}}press|Space}}press|Space}}press|Space}}
Activate focused button, menu item etc.press|Enter}}press|Space}} (also {{#invoke:key|press|Enter}} for menu items)press|Enter}}press|Enter}}
Expand a drop-down listpress|F4}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Down}}
Select/move to first/last item in selected widgetpress|Home}} / {{#invoke:key|press|End}}press|Home}} / {{#invoke:key|press|End}}
Scroll selected view by one page up/left/down/rightpress|⇞}} / {{#invoke:key|press|⇟}}

(or {{#invoke:key|press|Fn|Up}} / {{#invoke:key|press|Fn|Down}} on some keyboards)

press|PageUp}} / {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|PageUp}} /
{{#invoke:key|press|PageDown}} / {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|PageDown}}
Scroll selected view to top/bottompress|↖}} or on MacBook Pro {{#invoke:key|press|Fn}} + {{#invoke:key|press|Opt}} + {{#invoke:key|press|↖}}{{#invoke:key|press|↘}} or on MacBook Pro {{#invoke:key|press|Fn}} + {{#invoke:key|press|Opt}} + {{#invoke:key|press|↘}}
Switch focus to the next/previous tab within a windowpress|Ctrl|Tab}}press|Ctrl|Tab}} /{{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|`}}press|Ctrl|Tab}} ->{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|Shift|Tab}} <-
Switch focus to the next/previous panel on the desktoppress|Ctrl|Alt|Tab}} / {{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Ctrl|Alt|Tab}}
Switch focus to the next/previous panel (without dialog)press|Ctrl|Alt|Esc}} /{{#invoke:key|press|Shift|Ctrl|Alt|Esc}}

Command line shortcuts

Below is a list of common keyboard shortcuts that are used in a command line environment.

ActionMicrosoft Windows
(cmd.exe)		Microsoft Windows
(Windows PowerShell)		Unix & -like, including macOS
(bash)		Unix & -like
(POSIX shell)
Scroll through History of typed commandspress|Up}}/{{#invoke:key|press|↓}}press|Up}}/{{#invoke:key|press|↓}}press|Up}}/{{#invoke:key|press|↓}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|P}}/{{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|N}}press|ESC}} {{#invoke:key|press|K}} / {{#invoke:key|press|ESC}} {{#invoke:key|press|J}}
Signal end-of-filepress|Ctrl|Z}}press|Ctrl|D}}
Abort current command/typingpress|Ctrl|C}}press|Ctrl|C}}press|Ctrl|C}}press|Ctrl|C}}
Erase word to the leftpress|Ctrl|Backspace}}press|Ctrl|W}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Esc|Backspace}}
Erase word to the rightpress|Ctrl|Delete}}press|Alt|D}}
Erase line to the leftpress|Ctrl|Home}}press|Ctrl|Home}}press|Ctrl|U}}
Erase line to the rightpress|Ctrl|End}}press|Ctrl|End}}press|Ctrl|K}}
Yank/paste previously erased stringpress|Ctrl|Y}}
Move one word to the left (backward)press|Ctrl|Left}}press|Alt|Left}}press|Alt|B}}
Move one word to the right (forward)press|Ctrl|Right}}press|Alt|Right}}press|Alt|F}}
Move to beginning of linepress|Home}}press|Home}}press|Ctrl|A}}

or {{#invoke:key|press|Home}}

Move to end of linepress|End}}press|End}}press|Ctrl|E}}

or {{#invoke:key|press|End}}

Reverse search of historypress|F8}}press|F8}}press|Ctrl|R}}
Pause execution of the current jobpress|Ctrl|Z}}
Insert the next character typed verbatimpress|Ctrl|V}}
Autocomplete command/file namepress|Tab}} (enabled by default in Windows XP and later)press|Tab}}press|Tab}} (usually once)press|Esc}} (usually twice)
Paste contents of clipboard at cursorpress|Alt|Space}} then {{#invoke:key|press|E}} then {{#invoke:key|press|P}}press|Shift|Ins}}
Scroll window uppress|Shift|PageUp}} (may not work in some versions of Windows XP)press|Shift|PageUp}}
Scroll window downpress|Shift|PageDown}} (may not work in some versions of Windows XP)press|Shift|PageDown}}
Clear screenpress|Ctrl|L}}

Accessibility

  • In Windows, it is possible to disable these shortcuts using the Accessibility or Ease of Access control panel.
  • In GNOME, these shortcuts are possible, if Universal Access is enabled on the system.

ActionWindowsmacOSKDEGNOME
Utility Managerpress|Win|U}}
Use keyboard to control cursorpress|Left Alt|Left Shift|Numlock}}[74]
Allow user to press shortcuts one key at a timepress|Shift}} press 5 timespress|Shift}} 5 times[75]
Hear beep when -lock key pressedpress|Numlock}} hold 5 seconds
Stop/slow repeating characters when key is pressedpress|Right Shift}} hold 8 secondspress|Shift}} hold for 8 seconds[76][77][78]
Inverse (Reverse Colors) Mode{{#invoke:key>press|Left Alt|Left Shift|PrtScn}}{{#invoke:key>press|Cmd|Opt|Ctrl|8}}{{#invoke:key>press|Meta|Shift|i}} (if enabled)
Inverse (Reverse Colors) Mode (Only current window){{#invoke:key>press|Meta|Shift|u}} (if enabled)
Greyscale Modepress|Ctrl|Win|C}}

See also

  • Keyboard shortcut
  • Microsoft Windows key shortcuts
  • Common User Access (CUA)
  • Computer keyboard
  • Human interface guidelines
  • Pointing device gesture

Notes

1. ^{{cite web|title=Browser Shortcuts|url=http://mirus-it.co.uk/keyboard-shortcuts/|publisher=Mirus IT|accessdate=17 July 2015}}
2. ^The WinSplit window manager application for Windows knows to emulate this behaviour.
3. ^There is no single consistent shortcut for closing a document or quitting an application in Windows XP. In many multiple document interface applications, {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|W}} or {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|F4}} closes a document and {{#invoke:key|press|Alt|F4}} quits. In other applications where each document is in its own window, such as later versions of Microsoft Word, {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|W}}, {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|F4}}, and {{#invoke:key|press|Alt|F4}} close a document, and there is no consistent shortcut for quitting an application.
4. ^macOS uses {{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|W}} Close (window), {{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|Q}} Quit (application), and {{#invoke:key|press|Cmd|Opt|Esc}} Force Quit (application); {{#invoke:key|press|Option|F4}} can be used to quit certain services or applications. Quit is closest to Kill.
5. ^For the concept of "selected text" see also X Window selection
6. ^In whole document ({{#invoke:key|press|%}}), substitute ({{#invoke:key|press|s}}) fosh by fish, don't stop at one substitution per line ({{#invoke:key|press|g}}) and ask for confirmation for each substitution ({{#invoke:key|press|c}}).
7. ^Requires full keyboard access active:
 > System Preferences > Keyboard > Keyboard Shortcuts > Full Keyboard Access > All Controls
Alternatively use {{#invoke:key|press|Ctrl|F7}} to toggle this setting.
8. ^Highlighted shortcuts are from the list of "sacred" keybindings.
9. ^On Mac OS, OS X, and macOS, the key commonly called {{#invoke:key|press|Enter}} is properly called {{#invoke:key|press|↩ Return}}, while {{#invoke:key|press|⌅ Enter}} is a separate key normally located on the numeric keypad or invoked as {{#invoke:key|press|Opt|↩ Return}} (mainly on keyboards without a numeric keypad).
10. ^1 {{cite web | title = Mac 101: Set your preferences | work = Article: HT2490 | publisher = Apple Inc. | date = 2010-10-22 | url = http://support.apple.com/kb/HT2490#l4 | accessdate = 2010-11-03}}
11. ^1 {{cite web |last=Singh |first=Swapnil |url=http://tricktactoe.com/offbeats/10-cool-windows-shortcuts-you-need-to-know/ |title=10 Cool Windows Shortcuts You Need to Know |publisher=Tricktactoe.com |date=2012-02-08 |accessdate=2012-09-20}}
12. ^1 {{cite web |last=Tate |first=Jody |url=https://apple.stackexchange.com/a/300046 |title=High Sierra 10.13 : Keychain Access Menubar Item Missing? |publisher=stackexchange.com |date=2017-09-27 |accessdate=2018-01-22}}
13. ^1 {{cite web | title = Mac OS X keyboard shortcuts | work = Article: HT1343 | publisher = Apple Inc. | date = 2010-10-29 | url = http://support.apple.com/kb/ht1343 | accessdate = 2010-11-03}}
14. ^1 {{cite web | title = How to take a screenshot on your Mac | work = Article: HT201361 | publisher = Apple Inc. | date = 2018-07-24 | url = http://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201361 | accessdate = 2018-11-07}}
15. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web |title = Taking Screenshots |url = http://library.gnome.org/users/user-guide/2.32/tools-screenshot.html.en |work = User Guide 2.32 |publisher = The GNOME Project |accessdate = 24 March 2012 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120609050558/http://library.gnome.org/users/user-guide/2.32/tools-screenshot.html.en |archivedate = 9 June 2012 |df = }}
16. ^1 {{cite web |title=Screencast Recording |url=https://live.gnome.org/GnomeShell/CheatSheet#screencast-recording |work=GNOME Cheat Sheet |publisher=The GNOME Project |accessdate=20 April 2016}}
17. ^1 {{cite web |title=Screen Shot Record |url=http://library.gnome.org/users/gnome-help/stable/screen-shot-record.html.en |work=GNOME Help Guide |publisher=The GNOME Project |accessdate=24 March 2012}}
18. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://techbase.kde.org/Projects/Usability/HIG/Keyboard_Shortcuts |title=HIG/Keyboard Shortcuts |date=2009-06-03 |work=KDE Techbase |publisher=KDE |accessdate=2012-03-08}}
19. ^1 {{cite web |title=Appendix A — Keyboard Shortcuts |url=http://wiki.documentfoundation.org/images/0/00/0115GS3-KeyboardShortcuts.odt |work=Libre Office Documentation |publisher=The Document Foundation |accessdate=26 April 2012}}
20. ^1 2 {{cite web |author=community.linuxmint.com |url=http://community.linuxmint.com/tutorial/view/332 |title=OpenOffice.org and LibreOffice Keyboard Shortcuts — Linux Mint Community |publisher=Community.linuxmint.com |date= |accessdate=2012-09-20}}
21. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/Keyboard%20shortcuts?s=control+shift+t&r=4&e=es&as=s#w_windows-tabs |title=Keyboard shortcuts — Perform common Firefox tasks quickly | Firefox Help |publisher=Support.mozilla.org |date= |accessdate=2012-09-20}}
22. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://help.opera.com/Linux/11.60/en/keyboard.html#keys-switching |title=Opera Help: Keyboard Shortcuts |publisher=Help.opera.com |date= |accessdate=2012-09-20}}
23. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=https://support.google.com/chrome/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=171571&topic=25799&ctx=topic |title=Linux keyboard shortcuts — Google Chrome Help |publisher=Support.google.com |date= |accessdate=2012-09-20}}
24. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=https://code.google.com/p/arora/wiki/DefaultKeyboardShortcuts |title=DefaultKeyboardShortcuts — arora — The Default Keyboard Shortcuts in Arora (Non-Mac Keyboard) - Cross Platform WebKit Browser — Google Project Hosting |publisher=Code.google.com |date=2010-06-19 |accessdate=2012-09-20}}
25. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://library.gnome.org/users/epiphany/stable/shortcuts.html.en#keyboard-shortcuts |title=Shortcuts |publisher=Library.gnome.org |date= |accessdate=2012-09-20}}
26. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/Keyboard%20shortcuts?s=control+shift+t&r=4&e=es&as=s |title=Keyboard shortcuts — Perform common Firefox tasks quickly | Firefox Help |publisher=Support.mozilla.org |date= |accessdate=2012-09-20}}
27. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://help.opera.com/Linux/11.60/en/keyboard.html |title=Opera Help: Keyboard Shortcuts |publisher=Help.opera.com |date= |accessdate=2012-09-20}}
28. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |url=http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?path=Mac/10.6/en/9045.html |title=Mac OS X 10.6 Help: Using a screen saver |publisher=Docs.info.apple.com |date= |accessdate=2011-01-03}}
29. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |url=http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?path=Mac/10.4/en/mh2194.html |title=Mac OS X 10.4 Help: Setting a hot corner for Dashboard |publisher=Docs.info.apple.com |date= |accessdate=2011-01-03}}
30. ^1 {{cite web |title=Click and Move Mouse Pointer Using the Keypad |url=http://library.gnome.org/users/gnome-help/stable/mouse-mousekeys.html.en |work=GNOME Library |publisher=GNOME Foundation |accessdate=8 May 2012}}
31. ^1 {{cite web |title=Turn on Sticky Keys |url=http://library.gnome.org/users/gnome-help/stable/a11y-stickykeys.html.en |work=GNOME Library |publisher=GNOME Foundation |accessdate=8 May 2012}}
32. ^1 {{cite web |title=Turn On Slow Keys |url=http://library.gnome.org/users/gnome-help/stable/a11y-slowkeys.html.en |work=GNOME Library |publisher=GNOME Foundation |accessdate=8 May 2012}}
33. ^1 {{cite web |title=Turn Off Repeated Key Presses |url=http://library.gnome.org/users/gnome-help/stable/keyboard-repeat-keys.html.en |work=GNOME Library |publisher=GNOME Foundation |accessdate=8 May 2012}}
34. ^1 {{cite web |title=Turn On Bounce Keys |url=http://library.gnome.org/users/gnome-help/stable/a11y-bounacekeys.html.en |work=GNOME Library |publisher=GNOME Foundation |accessdate=8 May 2012}}
followed by another key are language dependent. The {{#invoke:key|press|Alt|Space}} combination opens the window menu, and the following key selects from the menu. As the menu labels (and their underlined hotkeys) vary with the Windows system language, the hotkeys are different for international versions of Microsoft Windows, and may change if users change their Windows system language preference. The given examples are valid for English user preferences/version of Windows.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]
}}

References

{{Reflist|30em|refs=[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]
}}

External links

  • General
    • [https://support.mozilla.org/kb/Keyboard%20shortcuts Firefox browser keyboard shortcuts]
  • macOS
    • Mac OS X keyboard shortcuts
    • [https://support.google.com/chrome/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=165450&topic=25799&ctx=topic Mac Keyboard Shortcuts]
    • [https://support.apple.com/kb/PH11576 Contacts Keyboard Shortcuts]
    • [https://support.apple.com/kb/PH11679 Mail (Mountain Lion) Keyboard Shortcuts]
    • [https://support.apple.com/kb/PH20164 Messages (Yosemite) Keyboard Shortcuts]
  • General Windows Applications
    • Microsoft Support, Keyboard Shortcuts for Windows
    • [https://support.google.com/chrome/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=157179&topic=25799&ctx=topic Windows Keyboard Shortcuts]
  • Linux/GNU
    • GNOME
    • Useful keyboard shortcuts
    • Keyboard Navigation
    • Set Keyboard Shortcuts
    • Universal Access
    • Usage
    • Keyboard Interaction
    • http://library.gnome.org/users/gnome-help/unstable/ for the latest documentation of unstable
    • KDE
    • [https://docs.kde.org/stable5/en/applications/fundamentals/kbd.html KDE Fundamentals: Common Keyboard Shortcuts]
    • [https://community.kde.org/KDE_Visual_Design_Group/HIG/Keyboard_Shortcuts KDE Community Wiki: KDE Visual Design Group/HIG/Keyboard Shortcuts]
    • Office Suites
    • OpenOffice.org/LibreOffice
    • OpenOffice.org and LibreOffice Keyboard Shortcuts
    • Web Browsers
    • Mozilla Firefox for Linux
    • [https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/Keyboard%20shortcuts?s=control+shift+t&r=4&e=es&as=s#w_windows-tabs Keyboard Shortcuts]
    • Google Chrome
    • [https://support.google.com/chrome/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=171571&topic=25799&ctx=topic Linux Keyboard Shortcuts]
    • Opera
    • Keyboard Shortcuts
    • Web (previously Epiphany) official web browser for GNOME
    • Shortcuts

1 : User interface techniques
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