| 词条 | Far-infrared astronomy |
| 释义 |
Far infrared emissionIn the far-infrared, stars are not especially bright, but emission from very cold matter (140 Kelvin or less) can be observed that is not seen at shorter wavelengths. This is due to thermal radiation of interstellar dust contained in molecular clouds.[2] These emissions are from dust in circumstellar shells around numerous old red giant stars. The Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey mapped the galaxy for the first time in the far-infrared.[2] TelescopesThe Earth's atmosphere is opaque over most of the far-infrared, so that ground-based observations are limited to submillimetre wavelengths using high-altitude telescopes such as the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory, the High Elevation Antarctic Terahertz Telescope and the Submillimeter Array. Most far-infrared astronomy is performed by satellites such as the Herschel Space Observatory,[3] Spitzer Space Telescope, IRAS, and Infrared Space Observatory. Upper-atmosphere observations are also possible, as conducted by the airborne SOFIA telescope. On 22 January 2014, European Space Agency scientists reported the detection, for the first definitive time, of water vapor on the dwarf planet, Ceres, largest object in the asteroid belt.[4] The detection was made by using the far-infrared abilities of the Herschel Space Observatory.[5] The finding is unexpected because comets, not asteroids, are typically considered to "sprout jets and plumes". According to one of the scientists, "The lines are becoming more and more blurred between comets and asteroids."[5] See also
References1. ^{{cite book|author1=A. Mampaso|author2=M. Prieto|author3=F. Sánchez|title=Infrared Astronomy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=og63zIiC_gAC&pg=PA189|year=2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-54810-6|pages=189–}} {{Astronomy navbox}}{{Authority control}}2. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.ipac.caltech.edu/outreach/Edu/Regions/irregions.html|title=Near, Mid and Far-Infrared|accessdate=2013-01-28|publisher=Caltech Infrared Processing and Analysis Center|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20120529/http://www.ipac.caltech.edu/Outreach/Edu/Regions/irregions.html|archivedate=2012-05-29|df=}} 3. ^{{cite journal|last1=Pilbratt|first1=G. L.|last2=Riedinger|first2=J. R.|last3=Passvogel|first3=T.|last4=Crone|first4=G.|last5=Doyle|first5=D.|last6=Gageur|first6=U.|last7=Heras|first7=A. M.|last8=Jewell|first8=C.|last9=Metcalfe|first9=L.|last10=Ott|first10=S.|last11=Schmidt|first11=M.|title=HerschelSpace Observatory|journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics|volume=518|year=2010|pages=L1|issn=0004-6361|doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201014759|bibcode=2010A&A...518L...1P|arxiv=1005.5331}} 4. ^{{cite journal |last1=Küppers |first1=Michael |last2=O’Rourke |first2=Laurence |last3=Bockelée-Morvan |first3=Dominique |last4=Zakharov |first4=Vladimir |last5=Lee |first5=Seungwon |last6=von Allmen |first6=Paul |last7=Carry |first7=Benoît |last8=Teyssier |first8=David |last9=Marston |first9=Anthony |last10=Müller |first10=Thomas |last11=Crovisier |first11=Jacques |last12=Barucci |first12=M. Antonietta |last13=Moreno |first13=Raphael |title=Localized sources of water vapour on the dwarf planet (1) Ceres |journal=Nature |volume=505 |issue=7484 |date=2014 |pages=525–527 |issn=0028-0836 |doi=10.1038/nature12918 |bibcode = 2014Natur.505..525K |pmid=24451541}} 5. ^1 {{cite web |last1=Harrington |first1=J.D. |title=Herschel Telescope Detects Water on Dwarf Planet - Release 14-021 |url=http://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/january/herschel-telescope-detects-water-on-dwarf-planet |date=22 January 2014 |work=NASA |accessdate=22 January 2014 }} 2 : Astronomical imaging|Observational astronomy |
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