“Tamil Brahmin”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Tamil Brahmins, are Tamil-speaking Brahmins primarily living in Tamil Nadu, although a few of them have settled in other states like, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Karnataka. They can be broadly divided into three religious groups, Gurukkals who follow Saivism, Iyers who follow the Srauta and Smartha tradition and Iyengars who follow Sri Vaishnavism.

Groups

Tamil Brahmins are divided into three groups -- Iyers, Iyengars and Gurukkal. Iyers form the majority of the Tamil Brahmin population and are Smarthas, while Iyengars are Vaishnavas and Gurukkals are Saivas.

Iyer

Iyers are Srauta-Smartha Brahmins, most of whom follow the Advaita philosophy propounded by Adi Shankara. Advaita Vedanta has been in existence from way before Adi Sankara. In fact, Vedanta refers to itself as Anadi, meaning without beginning^[1]^[2] and are concentrated mainly along the Cauvery Delta districts of Nagapattinam, Thanjavur, Tiruvarur{{citation needed|date=September 2016}} and Tiruchirapalli where they form almost 10% of the total population. However the largest population reside in Nagercoil, making up to 13% of the city's population^[3]^[4]^[5] They are also found in significant numbers in Chennai,^[6] Coimbatore, Madurai, Tirunelveli, Ambasamudram, Palakkad and Trivandrum.^[7]

Iyengar

Iyengars follow the Visishtadvaita philosophy propounded by Sri Vikanasa or Sri Ramanujacharya. They are divided into two sub-sects: Vadakalai (Northern branch) and Thenkalai (Southern branch). Most of them are devout worshippers of Lord Vishnu.

Gurukkal

The sect of Sivāchārya or Gurukkal form the hereditary priesthood or in the Siva and Sakthi temples in Tamil Nadu. They are Saivites and adhere to the philosophy of Shaiva Siddhanta. They are well versed in Vedas, Agama Sasthras and follow the Agamic rituals of these temples. Because of these cultural differences, intermarriages with other Tamil Brahmanas are rare even to this date. Gurukkals are sub-divided into Tiruvalangad, Conjeevaram and Thirukkazhukunram.

Notable people

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.4dham.com/go2/Iyer.html|title=Iyer|accessdate=2008-08-07|publisher=Uttarakhand Information Centre|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150929021916/http://www.4dham.com/go2/Iyer.html|archivedate=29 September 2015|df=dmy-all}}
2. ^Folk Songs of Southern India, Pg 3
3. ^"Brahmins seek reservation in education and employment"
4. ^G. S. Ghurye, Pg 393
5. ^Migration and Urbanization among Tamil Brahmans, Pg 5
6. ^Migration and Urbanization among Tamil Brahmans, Pg 15
7. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.dtnext.in/Lifestyle/Culture/2017/04/09210907/1030961/Approaching-societal-issues-through-the-eyes-of-Ambedkar.vpf|title=Approaching societal issues through the eyes of Ambedkar|date=2017-04-10|work=dtNext.in|access-date=2018-05-20|language=en-US}}
8. ^{{Cite news|url=https://scroll.in/article/810424/one-big-reason-swamy-attacking-arvind-subramanian-is-very-different-to-his-anti-rajan-camapign|title=One big reason Swamy attacking Arvind Subramanian is very different to his anti-Rajan campaign|last=Venkataramakrishnan|first=Rohan|work=Scroll.in|access-date=2018-04-18|language=en-US}}
9. ^{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/internet/google-ceo-sundar-pichai-famous-for-his-phenomenal-memory/articleshow/48448871.cms|title=Google CEO Sundar Pichai famous for his phenomenal memory|last=Sivakumar|first=B.|date=2015-08-12|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2018-04-18|last2=Vasudevan|first2=Shilpa}}
10. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.forbesindia.com/printcontent/45375|title=Forbes India Magazine - Print|website=www.forbesindia.com|language=en|access-date=2018-04-18}}
11. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/16/world/asia/indian-town-prays-for-a-son-on-supreme-court.html|title=With Sri Srinivasan, Indian Town Prays for a ‘Son’ on Supreme Court|last=Barry|first=Ellen|date=2016-03-15|work=The New York Times|access-date=2018-04-18|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}
12. ^https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/web-edits/aiadmks-pick-of-no-nonsense-girija-vaidhyanathan-as-chief-secretary-has-come-as-surprise-for-many-4440000/
13. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/story/viswanathan-anand-who-is-he-104005-2012-05-31|title=Viswanathan Anand: Who is he?|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=2018-04-18}}
14. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2011/jan/30/observer-profile-vs-ramachandran|title=VS Ramachandran: The Marco Polo of neuroscience {{!}} Profile|last=Anthony|first=Andrew|date=2011-01-30|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2018-04-18}}
15. ^http://www.abelprisen.no/binfil/download.php?tid=56998
16. ^{{Cite news|url=http://news.rediff.com/slide-show/2009/oct/12/slide-show-1-brahmins-dominate-all-modern-professions.htm|title=An interview with social scientist P Radhakrishnan|work=Rediff|access-date=2018-04-18}}