词条 | Tanacetum balsamita |
释义 |
|name = Costmary |image = Balsamita major.jpg |regnum = Plantae |unranked_divisio = Angiosperms |unranked_classis = Eudicots |unranked_ordo = Asterids |ordo = Asterales |familia = Asteraceae |genus = Tanacetum |species = T. balsamita |binomial = Tanacetum balsamita |binomial_authority = L. |synonyms ={{Species list | Balsamita balsamita | (L.) Rydb. nom. illeg. | Balsamita major | Desf. | Balsamita suaveolens | Pers. | Balsamita vulgaris | Willd. | Chamaemelum balsamita | (L.) E.H.L.Krause | Chrysanthemum balsamita | (L.) Baill. | Chrysanthemum grande | (L.) Hook.f. | Chrysanthemum grandiflorum | (Desf.) Dum.Cours. | Chrysanthemum majus | (Desf.) Asch. | Chrysanthemum tanacetifolium | (Desr.) Dum.Cours. | Chrysanthemum tanacetum | Vis. | Leucanthemum balsamita | (L.) Over | Matricaria balsamita | (L.) Desr. | Pyrethrum majus | (Desf.) Tzvelev |synonyms_ref = [1] }}Tanacetum balsamita is a perennial temperate herb known as costmary,[2] alecost,[3] balsam herb,[4] bible leaf,[5] or mint geranium.[3] DescriptionThe costmary is a perennial with oval serrated leaves and can grow up to {{convert|2|m|ft|abbr=on}} high. During summer, it shows small, yellow, button-shaped blossoms which appear in clusters.[6] NameThe English name 'costmary' stems from 'costus of Saint Mary'. Also, in other languages, it is associated with the Virgin Mary, most probably because it is sometimes used to treat women's diseases.[6] Origin and spreadThe plant seems to have originated in the Mediterranean. Whether the plant called "balsamita" described by Columella in 70 AD is the same is unclear. According to Heinrich Marzell, it was first mentioned in 812 in a plant catalogue. Costmary was widely grown since the medieval times in herb gardens until the late 19th and early 20th centuries for medical purposes. Nowadays, it has mostly disappeared in Europe, but is still widely used in southwest Asia.[6] It was used in medieval times as a place marker in Bibles.[5] It is referred to by Nicholas Culpeper as the 'balsam herb'.[4] Chemical constituentsLeaves of the plant have been found to contain a range of essential oils. A Spanish study found the oil includes carvone as the main component (51.5, 41.0, and 56.9% in three samples), together with minor amounts of beta-thujone, t-dihydrocarvone, c-dihydrocarvone, dihydrocarveol isomer, c-carveol, and t-carveol. Levels of beta-thujone, a toxic ketone, were 9.8, 12.5, and 12.1% in the respective samples.[7] Traditional medicineIn medieval times, costmary was used for menstruation problems.{{citation needed|date=February 2015}} In the 18th century, it was classified as laxative, against stomach problems, and as an astringent.{{citation needed|date=February 2015}} It was recommended against melancholy and hysteria, as well as dysentery and against gallbladder disease.[6] The plant is known from ancient herbals and was widely grown in Elizabethan knot gardens. {{citation needed|date=February 2017}} The 17th century herbalist Nicholas Culpeper says of costmary:[8]{{vn|reason=the cited reference does not indicate that this quote is from Nicholas Culpeper|date=February 2015}}
See also
References1. ^{{citation|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/gcc-112746|title=The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species|accessdate=30 April 2016}} 2. ^{{PLANTS|id=TABA|taxon=Tanacetum balsamita|accessdate=8 December 2015}} 3. ^1 {{citation |chapter-url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=317330 |chapter=Tanacetum balsamita L. subsp. balsamita |title=USDA GRIN Taxonomy |accessdate=30 April 2016}} 4. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/c/costm107.html |title=Costmary |publisher=Botanical.com |date= |accessdate=2017-04-26}} 5. ^1 {{cite book|author=Milo Miloradovich|title=Cooking with Herbs and Spices|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OuWS-CwODaoC&pg=PA33|year=1950|publisher=Courier Corporation|isbn=978-0-486-26177-5|page=33|chapter=Costmary}} 6. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|last=Cumo|first=Christopher|title=Encyclopedia of Cultivated Plants A-F|year=2013|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara|isbn=978-1-59884-774-1|pages=329–332}} 7. ^Tanacetum Balsamita L.: A Medicinal Plant from Guadalajara (Spain), ISHS Acta Horticulturae 306: International Symposium on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, XXIII IHC 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bibliomania.com/2/1/66/113/21003/1/frameset.html |title=Costmary, or Alcost, or Balsam Herb |publisher=Bibliomania.com |date= |accessdate=2017-04-26 |author=Nicholas Culpeper |work=Culpeper's Complete Herbal}} Further reading
2 : Tanacetum|Plants described in 1753 |
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