“Tank District”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Tank District ({{lang-ps|ټانک ولسوالۍ}}, {{lang-ur|ٹانک}} {{transl|ur|ṭāṅk}}; {{lang-skr|ٹاک}}) is a district in Dera Ismail Khan Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in Pakistan. The city of Tank is the capital of the district, which consists of Union Council City I and Union Council City II. There are sixteen Union councils of district Tank. Until 1992 Tank was a tehsil within Dera Ismail Khan District.^[2]{{rp|1}} Tank is bounded by the districts of Lakki Marwat to the northeast, Dera Ismail Khan to the east and southeast, FR Tank to the north and the South Waziristan Agency to the west. The climate in Tank reaches 110–120 °F. However, in the cold, harsh winters in the mountains to the west, people come to Tank to enjoy a pleasant stay and then return during the summer.

Administration

The district contains one tahsil (subdivision), also called Tank.^[3] And is represented in the Provincial Assembly by one elected MPA Mehmood Ahmad Khan Betani, who represents the PF-69 (Tank-1) constituency.^[4]

People

Saraiki and Pashtuns both are supposed to be the permanent residents of this city but during last two decades the city become the second home for the tribes of South Waziristan Agency (Mehsud tribe) and Frontier Region Tank (Betani Tribe) and so there number has increased significantly, therefore, overwhelmingly majority of the district consist of Pashto speaking tribes. Betani tribe lives on the outskirts of the city which is named Gomal,Dabara Umar Adda ,kiri haider and its adjacent villages and FR Tank. While most of the Mehsud tribes also built their houses in the city. Lohani tribe has good reputation in Tank district. Nawabs of Tank also belong to Lohani tribe of katti khel caste. Daulat Khel Lohani are residing in village Kotazam. Number of Marwat also residing in Union Council Kundi area of the city. In Jatta Thar area, mostly saraiki people are residing but now they can speak Pashto and Saraiki. Due to presence of number Pashto Speaking people, the Saraiki people also started speaking Pashto with them. Another tribe from Tank is Gomal, the name indicating the origin from Gomal plains. Gomal tribe was originally a Pashtun tribe, but a close connection with the Saraiki people of the area, the language evolved to Saraiki during a steady process of pidginization. Now many of the Gomal tribes speak Saraiki as well as Pashto.

Tank have a considerable population of Arain tribe members. The Arains of Tank District found both as Pashto speaking and Saraiki speaking. The Arain tribe found predominantly in Tank as Islam arrived in Tank in the 8th century A.D. during Muhammad Bin Qasim's expeditions towards Multan. The Arains of Tank are the descendants of those Arab tribes who came in the region with Muhammad Bin Qasim and later headed toward Sulaiman mountain range towards west of Multan.

Shrines

The Shrine of Pir Sabir Shah Baba is one of the most visited places in the city.{{fact|date=May 2018}} A number of devotees from the city and adjacent districts including Bannu, Lakki and Dera Ismail Khan visiting this Shrine. The three-day Urs of Pir Sabir Shah Baba annually organized from June 2 to June 5. Earlier, the Urs was considered to be one of the big festival of the city and a large number of people attending the Urs. The Shrine Custodian still distribute foods among people visiting the Shrine and Halwa (Traditional Sweet) given on every Wednesday. Socond popular Shrine is Mama Pir Ziarat which is located near Umar Adda and a number of devotees visiting the Shrine of Mama Pir. The Urs of Mama Pir also organized annually.

Nawab Qilla

Nawab Qilla is a mud fort built most probably by Nawab Katal Khan with views over an area of more than two hundred Kanals of land.{{fact|date=May 2018}} The Qilla is situated at one corner of Tank city and that is the imaginary line-dividing Tank in to upper and lower part.{{fact|date=May 2018}} The mud walls are several feet high approximately equal to a modern-day three-story building. Huge trunks of trees can be seen poking out from the walls of Qilla. These were used to give strength and stability to the mud walls. There were four huge Burgs at each corner of the Qilla with several intervening pickets at regular distance all around. The four main burgs were used as an entrance for armed men who could move around and reach guard posts from within the Qilla with out being seen from outside. The Qilla had three gigantic gates. The diameter or thickness of the wall from the top was initially equal to so that a Tanga (Horse Cart) could easily move over it. The residence of NAWAB Sohib was in the center of Qilla.

Nawab of Tank Garden

The Nawab Bagh was situated at the back of Nawab Qilla, spread over an area of more than five hundred Kanals of land.

This bagh was well looked after before, during Nawab Qasim Khan time and perhaps in the early days of Qutbuddin Khan.

Nawab Qutbuddin Khan had kept large herd of buffalos, cows and it was not unusual to see a herd of two hundred or more buffalos, cows moving toward Nawab Qilla every day. Nawab bagh as said before even in the sixties was deserted, has now completely disappeared as the land was sold by Qutbuddin s’ sons and a housing colony named Qutub colony has been constructed over its place right up to city police station and Pir Sabir Shah mausoleum.

History

Macedonian flight

At the Battle of the Hydaspes (now the Beas River), fought between Alexander the Great's army and the Indian king Purushotthama (better known as Porus), the Macedonian army refused to go any further. It is said that Alexander's army's was at risk of being trapped, or was faced by an enemy army too big to defeat, and had to retreat southwards through the Makran Desert.

Arrival of Islam

The Islam came in the Tank region in eighth century A.D. when Umayyad general Muhammad Bin Qasim had attacked on the Multan and nearby areas. The tribe known as Arain in Tank District is the generation of those Arab soldiers who came towards Multan with Muhammad Bin Qasim.

Sikh and British invasions

Finally, the Sikhs from the south overran the local tribes. They annexed the land in 1838. Somewhere in the midst of this turmoil, the British were assembling against the Pashtuns and the First British-Afghan War commenced. The British took over in 1848. The British regiments weren't able to occupy the entire territory and remained in camps at the foothills of the mountains, while the harsh and dangerous upland terrain remained unexplored.

British colonial rule

The eastern border of the Kingdom of Kabul was undefined until 1893 when the Durand Line was demarcated. At that moment, the line was used to intentionally separate the fierce Pushtun tribes from the tame. Under the same agreement, the tribes of Waziristan were clearly designated as being under the British rule.

Tank as a centre for negotiation

The British negotiated with the tribes through their agents in the border towns and Tank was a centre of negotiation with the Mahsud tribe – For the Britishers the Mahsud tribe was the most difficult to control, and in 1860 when the Mullah Shaleem kaka machi khel Mahsuds lushker attacked the British with a 3000 strong army the British were forced to penetrate into the territory of Tank to control them.

Birth of a province

In January 1899, Lord Curzon was appointed Viceroy of India. Reaching India shortly after the suppression of the frontier risings of 1897–98, he paid special attention to the independent tribes of the north-west frontier and inaugurated a new province called the North-West Frontier Province (now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa), and pursued a policy of forceful control mingled with conciliation. The only major armed outbreak on this frontier during the period of his administration was the Mahsud Waziri campaign of 1901.

Politics

The rulers of Tank were Katti Khel pashtuns. The current incumbent of Tank National Assembly seat (NA37) is Asad Mehmood of JUI-F / MMA, Mehmood Khan Betani had won Provincial Assembly seat of PK-94 in the General Elections, 2018. Tank considered to be the main center of Jamiat Ullema Islam (Fazal) and a number of time JUI-F chief Moulana Fazl Rehman and his brother Attaur Rehman elected as a member of National Assembly from this district. Another prominent political family is Kundi family and they also elected from this area in past. But both families Kundi's and Mualana Fazl family failed to resolve the problems specially scarcity of pure drinking water is one of the bigger problem being faced by the people. Particularly, Moulana brother Atta Ur Rehman elected from Tank twice as a Member of Parliament and later he enjoyed as a federal minister for Tourism but he never bothered to visit Tank during minister-ship. Because of that in the 2013 election, people rejected Moulana son Mualana Asad Memood and elected Dawar Kundi as MNA, PTI.

Languages

According to the 1998 census, the major first languages^[6] of the area are Pashto (spoken by {{sigfig|80.3|2}}% of the population) and Saraiki (18.5%).^[2]{{rp|21}}

Culture and society

People make their livelihood by farming, smuggling, falcon catching, migration for employment to the Persian Gulf, or by ownership of shops and businesses in Tank.

"Jirga" by definition means council. These are the religious circles and a group of people that decide the fate of the dwellers and rule the people by their sets of laws and principles.