| 词条 | Tanya Atwater |
| 释义 |
| name = Tanya Atwater | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_date = 1942 | birth_place = Los Angeles, CA[1] | death_date = | death_place = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | residence = Santa Barbara, CA | citizenship = | nationality = | fields = Tectonics | workplaces = University of California Santa Barbara | alma_mater = Scripps Institution of Oceanography Ph.D. | thesis_title = Implications of Plate Tectonics for the Cenozoic Tectonic Evolution of Western North America | thesis_url = http://eaps.mit.edu/12.114/atwater1970.pdf | thesis_year = 1972 | doctoral_advisor = | academic_advisors = | doctoral_students = | notable_students = | known_for = | author_abbrev_bot = | author_abbrev_zoo = | influences = | influenced = | awards = | signature = | signature_alt = | website = | footnotes = | spouse = }} Tanya Atwater (born 1942) is a professor emeritus, American geophysicist and marine geologist, who specializes in plate tectonics, in particular the evolution of the San Andreas Fault plate boundary. Her work focused on the creation of computer-animated multimedia products and presentations depicting the histories of tectonic plates. Early lifeAtwater was born in Los Angeles, California on August 27, 1942. Her father was an engineer and her mother was a botanist. She is one of four siblings. Atwater was one of the first women to research the ocean floor in terms of its Geology.{{sfn|Atwater|2017}} EducationAtwater began her education in 1960 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, then received her B.A. in Geophysics from the University of California, Berkeley in 1965.[2] She earned a Ph.D. (1972) in marine geophysics from Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego. She is director of the University of California, Santa Barbara Educational Multimedia Visualization Center where she is an emerita professor of geological sciences. She was a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology before joining the faculty at UCSB in 1980. Atwater retired from UCSB in 2007.[3] CareerAtwater was a professor of tectonics, in the Department of Geological Sciences at the University of California, Santa Barbara before retiring. She authored and co-authored 50 articles in international journals, professional volumes, and major reports. Seven of these papers were published in the journals Nature or Science. In 1975, she became a fellow of the American Geophysical Union for her work in tectonophysics.[4] From 1975 to 1977, Atwater was a Sloan Postdoctoral Fellowship Recipient in Physics.[5] In 1984, she won the Encouragement Award from the Association for Women Geoscientists.{{sfn|Atwater2|2017}} Atwater is a member of the National Academy of Sciences [6] for her contributions to marine geophysics and tectonics. Scientific DiscoveriesAtwater was involved in oceanographic expeditions using deep towed instruments to explore the ocean floor. To date, she has participated in 12 deep water dives in the deep-ocean submersible Alvin. She researched the volcano-tectonic processes responsible for creating new oceanic crust at seafloor spreading centers. In 1968, she co-authored a research paper featuring groundbreaking work into the faulted nature of spreading centers.[7] With Jack Corliss, Fred Spiess, and Kenneth Macdonald, she played key roles in expeditions that uncovered the distinct biology of ocean floor warm springs, which led to the discovery of the black smokers, undersea hydrothermal vents. In Atwater's research on Propagating Rifts near the Galapagos Islands,[8] she discovered that propagating rifts were created when spreading centers along the seafloor were disturbed by tectonic movement or magma and therefore had to change direction to realign. This helped to explain the complex pattern of the seafloor. Atwater is perhaps best known for her work on the plate tectonic history of western North America. She wrote two major research papers outlining the history of plate tectonic evolution of North America and tectonic problems of the San Andreas Fault, which assisted in documenting the history of the San Andreas Fault Line.[9] She also studied geometric evolution, integrating and comparing the global plate motion records with the regional continental geologic records. She found emerging relationships that revealed the origins of many large-scale geologic features (e.g. Rocky Mountains, Yellowstone, Death Valley, Cascade volcanoes, California Coast Ranges).[6] Atwater published a research paper, Implications of Plate Tectonics for the Cenozoic Tectonic Evolution of Western North America.[10] In her work, she explains that approximately 40 million years ago, the Farallon Plate was sub-ducting underneath the North American Plate and the Pacific Plate. The lower half of the Farallon plate was entirely subducted under Southern California and the upper half did not sink, which eventually became known as the Juan de Fuca Plate.Since the southern section of Farallon completely disappeared, the boundary of southern California was now between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate. The San Andreas Fault is unique because it acts as a major fault line as well as a border between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate.[10] Awards and honours
Selected bibliography
See also
References1. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.e-education.psu.edu/earth520/book/export/html/1752 |title=Tanya Atwater |publisher=John A. Dutton e-Education Institute |first=Tanya |last=Atwater |accessdate=11 November 2012}} 2. ^{{citation|last=Gates|first=Alexander E.|chapter="Atwater, Tanya" |title=A to Z of earth scientists|year=2003|publisher=Facts on File|location=New York|isbn=978-0816045808 |pages=10–12}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=EMVC Web Page|url=http://emvc.geol.ucsb.edu}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Tanya M. Atwater|url=https://honors.agu.org/honorsfellow/1324-atwater/|publisher=American Geophysical Union|access-date=2 December 2017}} 5. ^{{cite book|chapter="Atwater, Tanya"|title=Postdoctoral Pathways: Preparation, Holding Pattern of Jumping off point?|year=2012| publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|location=Maryland|isbn=978-1421403632}} 6. ^1 {{cite web|title=Tanya Atwater|url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/members/1376.html|publisher=National Academies of Science|access-date=1 December 2017}} 7. ^{{cite journal|last1=Menard |first1=H.W. |last2=Atwater |first2= T.M. | year=1968 |title=Changes in direction of sea floor spreading| journal=Nature| volume=219|issue=5153 | pages=463–467| url=https://www.nature.com/articles/219463a0 |bibcode=1968Natur.219..463M|doi=10.1038/219463a0}} 8. ^{{cite journal|last=Atwater |first=Tanya | year=1981 |title=Propagating rifts in seafloor spreading patterns| journal=Nature| volume=290|issue=5803 | pages=185–186| url=http://www.nature.com/articles/290185a0 |bibcode=1981Natur.290..185A|doi=10.1038/290185a0}} 9. ^{{cite journal|last1=Atwater |first1=Tanya |last2=Molnar |first2=Peter | year=1973 |title=Relative motion of the Pacific and North American pates deduced from sea-floor spreading in the Atlantic, Indian and South Pacific Oceans| publisher=R. L. Kovach and A. Nur, eds., Proc. of the Conf. on Tectonic Problems of the San Andreas Fault: Stanford University Publication| volume=13 | pages=136–148}} 10. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Atwater |first1=Tanya | year=1970 |title=Implications of Plate Tectonics for the Cenozoic Tectonic Evolution of Western North America|journal=Geological Society of America Bulletin | volume=81 | issue=12 | pages=3513–3536|bibcode=1970GSAB...81.3513A |doi=10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81[3513:IOPTFT]2.0.CO;2 }} 11. ^{{cite web|title=AGU Fellows|url=http://honors.agu.org/fellows/|accessdate=4 March 2014}} 12. ^1 {{cite web|last=Atwater|first=Tanya|title=Faculty Accolades Earth Sciences, UC Santa Barbara|url=http://www.geol.ucsb.edu/news/faculty|accessdate=4 March 2014}} 13. ^{{cite web|title=National Academy of Sciences, Member Directory|url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory}} 14. ^{{cite web |title=Calling all geologists: Put your mental pictures here |url=http://www.geotimes.org/aug02/society.html |work=Geotimes |publisher=American Geological Institute |date=July 2002 |accessdate=12 December 2012}} Biographies{{Refbegin}}
External links
19 : American geophysicists|Marine geologists|1942 births|Living people|American women geologists|Scientists from California|Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences|Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty|Scripps Institution of Oceanography alumni|University of California, Berkeley alumni|University of California, San Diego alumni|University of California, Santa Barbara faculty|20th-century geologists|21st-century American geologists|20th-century American scientists|21st-century American scientists|20th-century women scientists|21st-century women scientists|Women geophysicists |
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