| 词条 | Tarbagan marmot |
| 释义 |
| name = Tarbagan marmot | image = Marmota sibirica - (Russia, Mongolia) - Rochers-de-Naye, Switzerland, 2009.JPG | status = EN | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | genus = Marmota | species = sibirica | authority = (Radde, 1862) | synonyms = }} The Tarbagan marmot (Marmota sibirica) is a species of rodent in the family Sciuridae. It is found in China (Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang), northern and western Mongolia, and Russia (southwest Siberia, Tuva, Transbaikalia).[2] In the Mongolian Altai the range overlaps with that of the Gray marmot.[3] The species was classified as endangered by the IUCN in 2008.[1] Two subspecies are recognized:[2]
As a game animalThe tarbagan marmot has been eaten for centuries in the native cuisine of Mongolia, and in particular in a local dish called boodog. The meat is cooked by inserting hot stones, preheated in a fire, into the abdominal cavity of a deboned marmot. The skin is then tied up to make a bag within which the meat cooks.[4] Hunting of marmots for food is typically done in autumn when the animals are heavier since they are preparing for hibernation.[5] The Russian explorer Richard Maack, who encountered tarbagans in the Ingoda Valley in Siberia, described the tarbagan hunt as follows: [6]
As a disease carrierEpizootics of the plague have been considered to occur in tarbagan marmots in northeastern China and Mongolia, but the research for whether the tarbagan is able to infect humans is inconclusive.[7][8] The plague in marmots is of the pneumonic form, spread by marmots coughing.[9] It has been debated whether the plague can jump from marmots to humans through the bite of the tarbagan flea (Ceratophyllus silantievi), or through consumption of marmot meat.[10][8] Marmot epizootics are known to co-occur with human epidemics in the same area.[8] Human plague epidemics in this area are largely pneumonic plague, one of the most deadly forms of plague.[8][11]References1. ^1 {{IUCN2008|assessor=Batbold, J.|assessor2=Batsaikhan, N.|assessor3=Tsytsulina, K.|assessor4=Sukchuluun, G.|last-assessor-amp=yes|year=2008|id=12832|title=Marmota sibirica|downloaded=6 January 2009}} 2. ^1 {{MSW3|id=12400967}} 3. ^{{cite journal |first=Konstantin A. |last=Rogovin |title=Habitat use by two species of Mongolian marmots (Marmota sibirica and M. baibacina) in a zone of sympatry' |year=1992 |journal=Acta Theriologica |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=345–350 |url=http://rcin.org.pl/Content/11808/BI002_26812_Cz-40-2_Acta-T37-nr32-345-350_o.pdf |doi=10.4098/at.arch.92-35}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mongolfood.info/en/recipes/boodog.html|title=Boodog: Hot Stones in Stomach|work=Cuisine of Mongolia|accessdate=2009-11-27}} 5. ^{{cite book|last=Carole|first=Pegg|title=Mongolian music, dance, and oral narrative|year=2001|publisher=University of Washington Press|isbn=0-295-98030-3|page=294}} 6. ^{{citation|first=Richard Karlovich (Ричард Карлович Маак)|last=Maack|publisher=Изд. члена-соревнователя Сибирскаго отдѣла С. Ф. Соловьева |year=1859|title=Путешествие на Амур, совершенное по распоряжению Сибирскаго Отдѣла Императорскаго Русскаго Географическаго Общества, в 1855 году: Один том, с портретом графа Муравьева-Амурскаго и с отдѣлельным собранием рисунков, карт и планов (The travel to the Amur, carried out on orders of the Siberian Division of the Russian Imperial Georgraphic Society in 1855...)|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=J2pcAAAAcAAJ|page=31}} 7. ^Wu Lien-teh, "First Report of the North Manchurian Plague Prevention Service", 1913 8. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal|last=Elton|first=C.S.|title=Plague and the Regulation of Numbers in Wild Mammals|journal=Journal of Hygiene|year=1925|volume=24|issue=2|pages=138–163|pmc=2167669|pmid=20474858|doi=10.1017/S0022172400008652}} 9. ^{{cite book|first=John|last=Kelly|title=The Great Mortality: An Intimate History of the Black Death, the Most Devastating Plague of All Time|page=300|year=2006|publisher=HarperCollins|oclc=68437303|isbn=0-06-000693-5}} 10. ^Wu 11. ^{{cite news| url=http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-world/plague-breaks-out-in-chinas-tibet-20100926-15s6z.html | work=The Sydney Morning Herald | title=Plague breaks out in China's Tibet | date=September 26, 2010}} Further reading
6 : Marmots|Mammals of Mongolia|Mammals of China|Mammals of Russia|Mammals described in 1862|Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
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