| 词条 | Fast of Esther |
| 释义 |
|holiday_name = Fast of Esther |type = Jewish |image = |imagesize = |caption = |official_name = {{lang-he|תַּעֲנִית אֶסְתֵּר}} |nickname = |observedby = Jews in Judaism |significance = Commemorating the three-day fast observed by the Jewish people in the story of Purim |begins = 13th day of Adar at dawn (if Shabbat, then 11th day of Adar at dawn) |ends = The same day, at nightfall |date2018 = February 28 |date2019 = March 20 |date2020 = March 9 |celebrations = |observances = Fasting |relatedto = Purim }} The Fast of Esther ({{lang|he-Latn|Ta'anit Ester}}, {{lang-he|תַּעֲנִית אֶסְתֵּר}}) is a fast from dawn until dusk on Purim eve. Origin and purposeThe fast commemorates one of two events in the Book of Esther: either Esther and the Jewish community of Shushan having fasted before she approached the king unbidden (Esther 4:16), or a fast which is presumed to have occurred on the 13th of Adar, when the Jews fought a battle against their enemies.[1] It is a common misconception that this fast dates to the time of Esther. Esther 9:31 states "They had established for themselves and their descendants the matters of the fasts and their cry", but this refers instead to the fasts mentioned in Zechariah 8:19.[2] The first mention of the fast of Esther is as a Minhag that is referenced in the Gaonic period.[3] A 2010 study examines the origin of the fast and the reason for its arising in the Gaonic period.[4] LawsThe fast is observed on the 13th day of the Hebrew month of Adar. (When the year has 2 Adar months, it is observed only in the 2nd Adar). If the date of the Fast of Esther falls on Shabbat (Saturday), the fast is instead observed on the preceding Thursday, as this was the case in 2004, 2007, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2014, and 2017. This will occur again in 2024. (Shulchan Aruch S.686 s.2) As the fast of Esther is not one of the four public fasts ordained by the Prophets, the laws concerning its observance are more lenient; pregnant women, nursing mothers, and those who are weak are not required to observe it.[5] The Gregorian dates, from dawn until nightfall, for 2018–2020 are:[6]
Fasting in the Book of EstherIt is generally accepted in the rabbinic tradition that the original three-day "Fast of Esther" mentioned in chapter 4 of Book of Esther occurred on the 14th, 15th, and 16th days of Nisan, these being the eve and first two days of Passover.[7] While halacha normally forbids fasting on Passover, it is believed that Esther reasoned it would be better to fast on one Pesach lest they all be destroyed and thus never be able to observe the holiday in the future. But due to the normal prohibition of fasting on Passover, the "Fast of Esther" instead became attached to the eve of Purim, the 13th of Adar.[7] The 13th of Adar itself is thought to have been a fast day for the warriors while going out to battle, as it is believed to have been customary to fast during the battle in order to gain divine favor.{{cn|date=March 2019}} See also
References1. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.chabad.org/holidays/purim/article_cdo/aid/644314/jewish/The-Fast-of-Esther-What-Why-and-How.htm|title=The Fast of Esther: What, Why and How|website=www.chabad.org}} 2. ^{{Cite web|url=http://mg.alhatorah.org/Full/Esther/9.31#e0n7|title=MikraotGedolot – AlHaTorah.org|website=mg.alhatorah.org}} 3. ^"The first who mentions it is R. Aḥa of Shabḥa (8th cent.) in "She'eltot" iv." The Jewish Encyclopedia, {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110913003820/http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=613&letter=P&search=purim |date=September 13, 2011 }} 4. ^{{cite journal|last=First|first=Mitchell|title=The Origin of Taanit Esther|journal=AJS Review|date=Nov 2010|volume=34:2|pages=309–351}} A short summary of this article is at {{cite web |url=https://seforimblog.com/2011/03/origin-of-taanit-esther/ |title=The Origin of Ta‘anit Esther |accessdate=January 30, 2013 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120219193037/http://seforim.blogspot.com/2011/03/origin-of-taanit-esther.html |archivedate=February 19, 2012 |df= }} 5. ^The Fast of Esther, {{cite web |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/esther.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=March 17, 2011 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514011241/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/esther.html |archivedate=May 14, 2011 |df= }} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Ta'anit Esther (Fast of Esther) in Israel|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/holidays/israel/ta-anit-esther|website=timeanddate.com|accessdate=February 27, 2018}} 7. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/esther.html|title=The Fast of Esther|publisher=Jewish Virtual Library|accessdate=March 17, 2011|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514011241/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/esther.html|archivedate=May 14, 2011|df=}} External links{{Wikisource|Translation:Arukh ha-Shulchan/Orach Chaim/686|Aruch HaShulchan: The laws of the Fast of Esther}}
3 : Adar observances|Esther|Jewish fast days |
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