| 词条 | Tasman Lake |
| 释义 |
| name = Tasman Lake | image = Lake Tasman and Mount Cook 101 5770.jpg | caption = | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | location = Aoraki/Mount Cook National Park, South Island | coords = {{Coord|43|41|S|170|10|E|region:NZ_type:waterbody|display=inline,title}} | lake_type = Proglacial lake | inflow = | outflow = Tasman River | catchment = | basin_countries = New Zealand | length = {{convert|7|km|abbr=on}}[1] | width = {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}}[1] | area = {{convert|6.91|km2|abbr=on}} in 2013 | depth = | max-depth = > {{convert|200|m|abbr=on}}[2] | volume = | residence_time = | shore = | elevation = {{convert|715|m|abbr=on}}[3] | frozen = most winters[4] | islands = | cities = }}Tasman Lake is a proglacial lake formed by the recent retreat of the Tasman Glacier in New Zealand's South Island.[5] In the early 1970s, there were several small meltwater ponds on the Tasman Glacier. By 1990, these ponds had merged into Tasman Lake.[6] {{stack|}}Tasman Lake has quickened the retreat of the Tasman Glacier. Initially it did so by undercutting the cliff at the end of the glacier, causing parts of the cliff to fall into the lake. Since 2006, however, a 50–60 m apron of submerged glacial ice projects out from the cliff, and icebergs periodically break off the apron and float away down the lake. Because more of the glacier is now in contact with the water, its rate of retreat has increased. By 2008 the lake was 7 km long, 2 km wide and 245 m deep, having almost doubled in area since 2000.[7] It is expected to grow to a maximum length of about 16 km within the next one or two decades.[8] Tasman Lake, the glacier and the surrounding mountains are part of Aoraki/Mount Cook National Park. Taking a boat tour among the icebergs on the Tasman Lake is now a popular tourist activity.[9] The small inflatable boats are not allowed closer than {{convert|1.5|km|1|abbr=on}} to the {{convert|50|m|abbr=on}} tall terminal face of Tasman Glacier for safety reasons.[10] Tasman Lake can be reached by road from the nearby Mount Cook Village and a short walk from the car park at the end of the road. Like many other geographic places in both New Zealand and Australia, it is named after Dutch explorer Abel Janszoon Tasman. {{Wide image|Tasman Lake - panoramic view from near its outlet.jpg|800px|Tasman Lake viewed from near its outlet (right), in spring 2010||none}}See also
References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.massey.ac.nz/massey/about-massey/news/article.cfm?mnarticle=tasman-glacier-retreat-extreme-23-04-2008|title=Tasman Glacier retreat extreme|publisher=Massey University|date=30 April 2008|accessdate=2016-09-14}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/timaru-herald/news/64887601/University-of-Canterbury-researchers-use-hi-tech-jetboat-to-research-Tasman-Glacier|title=University of Canterbury researchers use hi-tech jetboat to research Tasman Glacier|publisher=The Timaru Herald|website=Stuff.co.nz|author=Sahiban Kanwal|date=13 January 2015|accessdate=2016-09-14}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.topomap.co.nz/NZTopoMap/nz26133/Tasman-Lake/Canterbury|title=Tasman Lake, Canterbury|website=NZ Topo Map|publisher=Land Information New Zealand|accessdate=2016-09-14}} 4. ^{{cite book|title=Temperature and bathymetry of ice-contact lakes in Mount Cook National Park, New Zealand - New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics|volume=41|issue=2|pages=133–143|author=Charles R. Warren & Martin P. Kirkbride|year=1998|publisher=Royal Society of New Zealand}} 5. ^{{LINZ|9100||18 April 2008}} 6. ^Hochstein, M.P.; Claridge, D.; Henrys, S.A.; Pyne, A.; Nobes, D.C. and Leary, S.F. (1995). Downwasting of the Tasman Glacier, South Island, New Zealand: changes in the terminus region between 1971 and 1993 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081022163020/http://www.royalsociety.org.nz/Site/publish/Journals/nzjgg/1995/40.aspx |date=2008-10-22 }}, New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 38 (1), 1-16. 7. ^{{cite journal|last1=Dykes|first1=Robert C.|last2=Brook|first2=Martin S.|last3=Winkler|first3=Stefan|title=The contemporary retreat of Tasman Glacier, Southern Alps, New Zealand, and the evolution of Tasman proglacial Lake since AD 2000|journal=Erdkunde|date=2010|volume=64|issue=2|pages=147–148|doi=10.3112/erdkunde.2010.02.03|url=https://www.erdkunde.uni-bonn.de/archive/2010-1/the-contemporary-retreat-of-tasman-glacier-southern-alps-new-zealand-and-the-evolution-of-tasman-proglacial-lake-since-ad-2000|accessdate=4 December 2015}} 8. ^{{cite web | title = Tasman Glacier retreat extreme |url = http://www.massey.ac.nz/massey/about-massey/news/article.cfm?mnarticle=tasman-glacier-retreat-extreme-23-04-2008 | publisher = Massey University | date = 2008-04-23 | accessdate = 2008-04-24 }} 9. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10614657&pnum=0 |first=Philip |last=Temple |title=Deniers don't have a rapidly melting glacier to stand on |newspaper=The New Zealand Herald |date=2009-12-11 |accessdate=2010-02-23 }} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/timaru-herald/news/3983628/Tasman-Glacier-about-to-calve|title=Tasman Glacier about to calve|website=Stuff.co.nz|publisher=The Timaru Herald|date=3 August 2010|author=Jeff Tollan|accessdate=2016-09-14}} External links{{Commons category}}
2 : Lakes of Canterbury, New Zealand|Proglacial lakes |
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