| 词条 | Ted Ringwood |
| 释义 |
| name = Alfred Edward "Ted" Ringwood | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1930|04|19}} | birth_place = Kew, Melbourne, Australia | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1993|11|12|1930|04|19}} | death_place = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | residence = | citizenship = | nationality = | fields = Geochemistry, Petrology, Planetology | workplaces = Australian National University | alma_mater = Melbourne University | thesis_title = Studies in geochemistry | thesis_url = | thesis_year = 1956 | doctoral_advisor = | academic_advisors = Arthur Gaskin, Francis Birch | doctoral_students = | notable_students = | known_for = | author_abbrev_bot = | author_abbrev_zoo = | influences = Victor Moritz Goldschmidt, | influenced = | awards = {{no wrap|Clarke Medal (1992) V. M. Goldschmidt Award {{small|(1991)}} Wollaston Medal {{small|(1988)}} William Bowie Medal {{small|(1974)}}}} | signature = | signature_alt = | website = | footnotes = {{center|[1]}} | spouse = }}Alfred Edward "Ted" Ringwood FRS FAA (19 April 1930 – 12 November 1993) was an Australian experimental geophysicist and geochemist, and the 1988 recipient of the Wollaston Medal.[1][1][2] The mineral ringwoodite is named after him. Early life and studyRingwood was born in Kew, only child of Alfred Edward Ringwood. He attended Hawthorn West State School where he played cricket and Australian Rules football. In 1943 he was successful in gaining a scholarship to Geelong Grammar School where he boarded. On matriculation, he enrolled in Geology a science degree at the University of Melbourne where he held a Commonwealth Government Scholarship, and was awarded a resident scholarship at Trinity College. He represented the college and the University in football. He obtained First Class Honours degree in Geology and began a MSc degree in field-mapping and petrology of the Devonian Snowy River volcanics of northeastern Victoria, graduating with Honours in 1953. Ringwood then undertook a PhD, beginning an experimental study about the origin of metalliferous ore deposits, but later changed his research topic so as to apply geochemistry to an understanding of the structure of the Earth, in particular the mineralogical constitution of the Earth's mantle.[1] Germanate and earth's mantleIn the late 1950s and 1960s Ringwood worked on germanates. He discovered that they served as low-pressure analogue to high-pressure silicates. With this insight he was able to predict that the phase changes of the mantle minerals olivine and pyroxene should occur in the Transition Zone. At the Australian National University he began experimental study of silicates at high pressure, and in 1959 demonstrated that the iron end-member of olivine indeed transformed to the denser spinel structure, as did numerous germanate and germanate-silicate solid solutions. In 1966, Ringwood and Alan Major, the technical officer who worked with him from 1964 to 1993, synthesised the spinel form of (Mg,Fe)2SiO4, Also in 1966, the transformation of pure forsterite (Mg2SiO4) to spinel-like phase was achieved. In 1969 a new mineral was discovered in fragments of the Tenham meteorite which had the same crystal structure as the high pressure spinel polymorph of olivine. This was the first time that Ringwood's predicted polymorph was found in nature. Honouring the importance of Ringwood's work the mineral was named ringwoodite.[3] A team from the University of Alberta have isolated terrestrial ringwoodite in a brown diamond specimen found in Brazil in 2008.[4] Their research suggests the presence of water deep within the Earth's mantle. Later lifeIn 1978, his ANU team invented synroc, a possible means of safely storing and disposing of radioactive waste. Ringwood died of lymphoma on 12 November 1993 at the age of 63. HonoursRingwood received numerous honours and awards for his work.[5]
The European Association of Geochemistry quinquennially awards a Science Innovation Award medal named in his honour for work in petrology and mineral physics. Selected publications
References1. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Green | first1 = D. H. | doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1998.0023 | title = Alfred Edward Ringwood. 19 April 1930 – 12 November 1993 | journal = Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society | volume = 44 | pages = 351–362 | year = 1998 }} 2. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/gsl/null/lang/en/page750.html|title=Wollaston Medal |work= Award Winners since 1831 |publisher=Geological Society of London|accessdate=25 February 2009|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100819015708/http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/gsl/null/lang/en/page750.html|archivedate=19 August 2010|df=dmy-all}} 3. ^{{cite journal|last=Binns|first=Ray A.|last2=Davis |first2=Richard J. |last3=Reed |first3=Stephen J. B. |title=Ringwoodite, Natural {{chem|(Mg,Fe)|2|SiO|4}} Spinel in the Tenham Meteorite |journal=Nature |date=7 March 1969 |volume=221 |issue=5184 |pages=943–944 |doi=10.1038/221943a0 }} 4. ^{{cite journal|last=Pearson|first=D. G. |last2=Brenker |first2=F. E. |last3=Nestola |first3=F. |last4=McNeill |first4=J. |last5=Nasdala |first5=L. |last6=Hutchison |first6=M. T. |last7=Matveev |first7=S. |last8=Mather |first8=K. |last9=Silversmit |first9=G. |last10=Schmitz |first10=S. |last11=Vekemans |first11=B. |last12=Vincze |first12=L. |title=Hydrous mantle transition zone indicated by ringwoodite included within diamond |journal=Nature |date=13 March 2014 |volume=507 |issue=7491 |pages=221–224 |doi=10.1038/nature13080 |pmid=24622201 }} 5. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal |title=Alfred Edward Ringwood 1930–1993 |url= https://www.science.org.au/fellowship/fellows/biographical-memoirs/alfred-edward-ringwood-1930-1993 |journal= Historical Records of Australian Science |author= D.H. Green |volume=12 |pages= 247 |number=2 |year=1998 |accessdate=20 December 2012|doi= 10.1071/HR9981220247 }} 6. ^Abraham Gottlob Werner Medaille, Deutsche Mineralogische Gesellschaft Further reading
10 : 1930 births|1993 deaths|People educated at Geelong Grammar School|People educated at Trinity College (University of Melbourne)|Fellows of the Royal Society|Wollaston Medal winners|Australian geochemists|Fellows of the Australian Academy of Science|Australian geophysicists|Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences |
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