| 词条 | Temperance Fountain (Washington, D.C.) | |
| 释义 |
| name = Temperance Fountain | nrhp_type = | image = Temperance Monument (Washington, DC).jpg | caption = | location= 7th Street & Indiana Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. | coordinates = {{coord|38|53|37|N|77|1|19|W|display=inline,title}} | locmapin = United States Washington, D.C. central#Washington, D.C.#USA | built = {{Start date|1884}} | architect = Henry D. Cogswell | architecture = Late Victorian | added = October 12, 2007 | area = less than one acre | governing_body = Federal | mpsub = Memorials in Washington, D.C. | refnum = 07001061[1] }} The Temperance Fountain is a fountain and statue located in Washington, D.C., donated to the city in 1882 by Henry D. Cogswell, a dentist from San Francisco, California, who was a crusader in the temperance movement.[2] This fountain was one of a series of temperance fountains he designed and commissioned in a belief that easy access to cool drinking water would keep people from consuming alcoholic beverages.[3] DesignThe fountain has four stone columns supporting a canopy on whose sides the words "Faith," "Hope," "Charity," and "Temperance" are chiseled. Atop this canopy is a life-sized heron, and the centerpiece is a pair of entwined heraldic scaly dolphins. Originally, visitors were supposed to freely drink ice water flowing from the dolphins' snouts with a brass cup attached to the fountain and the overflow was collected by a trough for horses,[4] but the city tired of having to replenish the ice in a reservoir underneath the base and disconnected the supply pipes.[5] The inscription reads: (Base of fish:) PRESENTED BY DR. HENRY D. COGSWELL OF SAN FRANCISCO CAL (Top of temple:) TEMPERANCE FAITH HOPE CHARITY LocationThe Temperance Fountain was originally placed at a prominent location: Seventh and Pennsylvania Avenue, across from Center Market and near to "Hooker's Division" (now the Federal Triangle). The message was to drink water, not whiskey, as there were so many saloons along the Avenue to tempt passersby. This was near the halfway point between the Capitol and White House. For many years after National Prohibition, it ironically sat in front of the Apex Liquor Store, which operated in the ground floor of the Central National Bank Building.[6] In 1987, it was relocated about 100 feet north during the renewal by the Pennsylvania Avenue Development Corporation, since the statue was regarded as undesirable from the start.[7] The PADC created Indiana Plaza, and the Temperance Fountain swapped locations with the monument to the Grand Army of the Republic, which was considered historically more significant. Today the fountain sits at the corner of Seventh Street and Indiana Avenue, NW, across from the National Archives and Navy Memorial, where thousands of tourists and workers walk past daily without noticing it. The Temperance Fountain has been called "the city's ugliest statue".[8] The late NBC correspondent Bryson Rash, writing in Footnote Washington, a 1981 book of capital lore, reported that "these unusual and awkward structures spurred the movement across the country for city fine arts commissions to screen such gifts" prior to funding.[9] In April 1945, Sen. Sheridan Downey of California introduced a Senate resolution to remove the fountain, but, preoccupied with World War II, Congress ignored the resolution and it died in committee.[5] UpkeepThe fountain is also the source of the name for the Cogswell Society, a small group of Washington professionals who have taken it upon themselves to take care of the fountain.[10] In 1984, it was placed on the Downtown Historic District National Register #84003901. Other Cogswell fountainsCogswell's fountains can be found in Washington, D.C., Tompkins Square Park New York City,[3] Washington Square, San Francisco[11][12] and Rockville, Connecticut.[13][14][15] Other examples were erected and then torn down at: Buffalo, Rochester, Boston Common,[16][17] Fall River, Massachusetts, Pacific Grove, California,[18][19] and San Francisco (California and Market Streets).[20] See also
References{{external media| width = 210px | align = right | video1 = NCPC Cinema Visiting Washington's Lesser Known Memorials[21] }} 1. ^{{NRISref|version=2010a}} 2. ^{{cite web| url=http://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&profile=all&source=~!siartinventories&uri=full=3100001~!325369~!0#focus| title=Temperance Fountain, (sculpture).| publisher=Inventories of American Painting and Sculpture, Smithsonian American Art Museum |accessdate=August 3, 2011}} 3. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/tompkinssquarepark/highlights/12753 |title=Tompkins Square Park |publisher=Nycgovparks.org |date= |accessdate=2011-10-06}} 4. ^Goode, James M. The Outdoor Sculpture of Washington, D.C., Smithsonian Institution Press, 1974, {{ISBN|0-87474-138-6}}, p. 358 5. ^1 {{cite news | last=Kitsock | first=Greg | url=http://kakopa.com/geo/cogswell.htm | title=Fountain of Hooch | publisher=Washington City Paper | date=January 3, 1992 | accessdate=2008-10-13}} 6. ^{{cite book|last=Peck|first=Garrett|title=Prohibition in Washington, D.C.: How Dry We Weren't|year=2011|publisher=The History Press|location=Charleston, SC|isbn=978-1-60949-236-6|pages=15–17}} 7. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.rockvillect.com/Cogswell/fountain.htm | title=Cogswell Fountain | accessdate=2008-10-13 | format=scroll down to section originally taken from http://dynaweb.oac.cdlib.org/sgml/chs/ms_0690.sgm, which no longer exists}} 8. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A40962-2003Sep20.html | title=...Toasted Temperance | publisher=Washington Post | date=September 21, 2003 | accessdate=2008-10-13}} 9. ^{{cite news | last=Knutson | first=Lawrence | url=http://hannibal.net/stories/030402/opi_0304020003.shtml | title=Political quirks and curiosities | agency=Associated Press | date=March 4, 2002 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070928103348/http://hannibal.net/stories/030402/opi_0304020003.shtml |archivedate = September 28, 2007}} 10. ^{{cite news | last=Kitsock | first=Greg | url=http://kakopa.com/geo/cogswell.htm | title=All's Well That Ends With a Drink to Cogswell | publisher=Washington City Paper | date=March 6, 1992 | accessdate=2008-10-13}} 11. ^CA000016 OR CA000029 - Smithsonian Institution Research Information System 12. ^FRANKLIN, Benjamin statue in Washington Square in San Francisco, California 13. ^{{cite news| url=http://articles.courant.com/2005-08-04/news/0508040578_1_statue-fountain-temperance| title=Dr. Cogswell Returns To Central Park| date=August 4, 2005| author= Monica Polanco| work=The Hartford Courant}} 14. ^Cogswell Fountain 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.smartgrowthforvernon.org/vnews/2006/05-19-cogswell.html |title=Cogswell Fountain restoration earns RDA an award |publisher=Smartgrowthforvernon.org |author=Jason Rowe |date=2006-05-19 |accessdate=2011-10-06}} 16. ^{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AhX-TaJKC6AC&pg=PA254&lpg=PA254&dq=cogswell+fountain+boston&source=bl&ots=PuyRiGO2LO&sig=8CXgVD_8CitM8Vgpe0By2WBBzwU&hl=en&ei=CAs8TsCPKZOgtweHtaGIAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CD0Q6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=cogswell%20fountain%20boston&f=false| title=Lost Boston | author= Jane Holtz Kay| publisher= University of Massachusetts Press| year= 2006| isbn= 978-1-55849-527-2}} 17. ^{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LvgzAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA61&lpg=PA61&dq=cogswell+fountain&source=bl&ots=9Ceh8TCxHw&sig=aOsnzk8_q3wpBlKuypVck1rgMg8&hl=en&ei=IAc8Tpn9L5SXtweGs5CFAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CDgQ6AEwBTgU#v=onepage&q=cogswell%20fountain&f=false| title=American architect and architecture| volume=41| page=918}} 18. ^{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6B_wTaed_-UC&pg=PA75&lpg=PA75&dq=cogswell+fountain&source=bl&ots=6T5d70TMze&sig=JVV8u-AvXytTk4XsAvho26APwGA&hl=en&ei=WgY8TtPGKom3twe4_cX2Ag&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CFAQ6AEwBzgK#v=onepage&q=cogswell%20fountain&f=false| title=Pacific Grove| author= Kent Seavey| publisher= Arcadia Publishing| year= 2005| isbn= 978-0-7385-2964-6}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.pgmuseum.org/archives/exhibit/birds~1.htm |title=Pacific Grove: The Chautauqua Years / Birdseye View of Pacific Grove |publisher=Web.archive.org |date= |accessdate=2016-07-04 |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511232644/http://www.pgmuseum.org/archives/exhibit/birds~1.htm |archivedate=May 11, 2008 }} 20. ^{{cite news| url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn94052989/1894-01-03/ed-1/seq-8/| title=Image Breakers: Dr. Cogswell's Stature Overturned Under Shadow of Night By a Silent Gang of Hoodlum Miscreants| work=San Francisco Call| date= 3 January 1894| page= 8}} 21. ^{{cite web | title =Visiting Washington's Lesser Known Memorials | work = | publisher =National Capital Planning Commission | date = | url =http://www.ncpc.gov/ncpc/Main(T2)/Media(Tr2)/Video/NCPC_Cinema/NCPC-Cinema.html | doi = | accessdate =August 26, 2011 }} External links{{commons category|Temperance Fountain (Washington, DC)}}
10 : 1884 sculptures|Bronze sculptures in Washington, D.C.|Drinking fountains in the United States|Granite sculptures in Washington, D.C.|Monuments and memorials on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.|Outdoor sculptures in Washington, D.C.|Prohibition in the United States|Temperance movement|Victorian architecture in Washington, D.C.|Relocated buildings and structures in Washington, D.C. |
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