“Tenneco”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Tenneco (formerly Tenneco Automotive and originally Tennessee Gas Transmission Company) is an American Fortune 500 company that has been publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange since November 5, 1999 under the symbol TEN. Tenneco, with headquarters in Lake Forest, Illinois, United States^[4] is an automotive components original equipment manufacturer and an aftermarket ride control and emissions products manufacturer.

History

Tenneco, Inc.'s origin was in the Chicago Corporation, established about 1930.^[5] Tennessee Gas and Transmission Company (completely separate) had been formed in 1940.^[6]

Natural gas

A shortage of fuel for World War II defense industries in the Appalachian area developed when industrial production was increased. The nuclear development operations of the Manhattan Project at Oak Ridge, Tennessee consumed huge quantities of Tennessee Valley Authority electrical power that would have otherwise been available to other industrial operations. The Chicago Corporation was able to acquire a Federal Power Commission (FPC) license to build a pipeline from Texas to Appalachia, eventually expanding to the largest natural gas pipeline network in the United States. These pipelines were acquired by El Paso Corporation in 1996, and are now owned by Kinder Morgan and the Los Angeles Rams.

Diversification

In the 1950s, the company acquired existing oil companies, including Sterling Oil, Del-Key Petroleum, and Bay Petroleum.^[7] The Tennessee division of the Chicago Corporation acquired Tennessee Gas Transmission Company in 1943 to build a natural-gas pipeline {{convert|1265|mi|km}} from Texas to West Virginia. The first line was completed in October 1944. It was followed by three additional pipelines totaling {{convert|3840|mi|km}}^[6] during the next 15 years which provide gas to New York and New Jersey.^[8]

In 1966, Tennessee Gas was incorporated as Tenneco, Inc.^[5] Tenneco expanded into a number of business ventures as a result of diversification. In 1967, the company acquired Walker, Inc., a manufacturer of universal-fit exhaust mufflers and pipes^[9]. The year after, they started working on the construction of a universal-fit catalytic converter, that would become a cost-effective alternative to the OE catalytic converters. It took the company 8 years to introduce one. Tenneco bought Houston Oil & Minerals Corporation in the late 1970s. Tenneco owned and operated a large number of gasoline service stations, but all were closed or replaced with other brands by the mid-1990s.^[6]

In the 1970s, Tenneco purchased 53% of J.I. Case when they purchased its owner Kern County Land Company, the agricultural equipment manufacturer based in Racine, Wisconsin, USA.^[10] In 1972, Tenneco purchased UK-based David Brown Tractors Ltd. and merged it with the J.I. Case business. In 1984, Case parent Tenneco bought selected assets of the International Harvester agriculture division and merged it with J.I. Case. All agriculture products are first labeled Case International and later Case IH. Tenneco purchased the articulated 4WD manufacturer Steiger Tractor in 1986, and merged it into Case IH.

The corporate direction was to buy failing companies, and work to develop them into market leaders. This worked well with Newport News Shipbuilding, but failed miserably with the various tractor companies, probably due in large part to the economy at the time. By 1988, the company was losing $2 million per day. After being pressured by the banks, it was decided to sell off the oil business. [https://www.nytimes.com/1988/10/11/business/tenneco-selling-its-oil-company-for-7.3-billion.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm Tenneco Oil Exploration Company] was split up and sold off to multiple buyers.

By 1994, Tenneco decided to begin getting out of the ag business and agreed to sell 35% of the now named Case Corporation.^[11] In 1996, the spin-off of Case Corporation was completed. The company was acquired by Fiat in 1999 and merged with New Holland Agriculture to form CNH Global.^[12]

Consolidation

Tenneco Inc. emerged from a conglomerate consisting of six unrelated businesses: shipbuilding, packaging, farm and construction equipment, gas transmission, automotive, and chemicals.^[13] The automotive division was spun off from Tenneco, Inc. in 1991 along with the packaging, energy, natural gas, and shipbuilding divisions.^[6] All businesses except automotive and packaging were disposed of between 1994 and 1996 (through public offerings, sales, spin-offs and mergers).^[13] In 1999, Tenneco Packaging was spun off and renamed to Packaging Corporation of America (Pactiv Corporation).^[13]

Since the 1960s Tenneco Automotive has sold mufflers (UK: silencers) in Europe, including through the Pit Stop chain in Germany. The group bought a German factory in Virnheim in 1969, Swedish Starla in 1974 and French Bellanger and English Harmo Industries in 1976 and Danish Lydex in 1978. More acquisitions followed.^[14]

Tenneco (under the Tenneco Automotive name) sponsored CART's Detroit Grand Prix from 1999 until the race's cancellation after 2001.{{Citation needed|date=September 2010}}

Operations

Tenneco is a multi-national corporation with 93 manufacturing facilities in 26 countries located on 6 continents, with major centers of operations in North America, Europe, Australia and Asia. There were 30,000 employees in 2016{{citation needed|date=August 2014}}. The North American manufacturing facilities are located in Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Missouri, Nebraska, Tennessee, Georgia, Virginia and Ohio; the corporate headquarters is located in Lake Forest, Illinois, European facilities in Belgium, Poland, Czech Republic, Germany, UK, France, Spain and Portugal, with headquarters located in Belgium, Asian facilities include in India, China, Singapore and Japan, Australian Facilities are in Sydney, Morea (New Zealand){{clarify|date=September 2012}} and Clovelly Park and African Facility includes South Africa's Port Elizabeth.{{citation needed|date=September 2012}}

These are sold to over 500 after-market customers including retailers and wholesalers and to more than 25 OEMs, including Audi, Chrysler, Daimler, Enfield, Fiat, Ford Motor Company, General Motors, Honda, Navistar International, Jaguar Cars, Mahindra & Mahindra, Maruti Suzuki, Mazda, Mitsubishi, Nissan, Porsche, PSA Peugeot Citroën, Renault, Škoda, Suzuki, Tata, Toyota, TVS, Volkswagen Group, Volvo, E-Z-GO, and CLUB CAR{{citation needed|date=April 2013}}.

Locations

United States

International

References

1. ^{{cite web|title=Leadeership Team|url=http://www.tenneco.com/overview/leadership_team/|website=www.tenneco.com|publisher=Tenneco Inc|accessdate=3 September 2016}}
2. ^https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/TEN/financials?p=TEN
3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://fortune.com/fortune500/tenneco/|title=Tenneco|website=Fortune|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-01}}
4. ^"Facilities directory." Tenneco. Retrieved on May 14, 2010.
5. ^¹[https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/cctjb TENNECO BUILDING], Diana J. Kleiner, Handbook of Texas Online (retrieved 11 August 2010)
6. ^¹²³Tenneco Inc. -- Company History, Funding Universe (retrieved 12 September 2010)
7. ^Tenneco Inc.
8. ^Directory of Company Histories, 1988, Encyclopedia.com (retrieved 11 September 2010)
9. ^{{cite web|title=About Walker |url=https://www.carid.com/walker/info/about.html |publisher=CARiD.com}}
10. ^http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Tenneco-Inc-Company-History.html
11. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/04/27/business/company-reports-tenneco-to-offer-35-of-ji-case.html | work=The New York Times | first=Kathryn | last=Jones | title=COMPANY REPORTS; Tenneco to Offer 35% of J.I. Case | date=1994-04-27}}
12. ^http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/CNH-Global-NV-company-History.html
13. ^¹²Tenneco History {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926002331/http://www.tenneco.com/Careers/WorkingAtTenneco/TennecoHistory/ |date=2010-09-26 }}, Tenneco.com (retrieved 12 September 2010)
14. ^{{cite book|last=Burchardt|first=Jørgen|title=Lydpotter, arbejde og ledelse. Walker Danmark.|year=2008|publisher=Kulturbøger|location=Ringe|isbn=87-88327-17-5|pages=160|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uMamOAAWVpMC&pg=PP1&lpg=PP1&dq=lydpotter,+arbejde+og+ledelse}}
15. ^http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=113459&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=774783{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
16. ^{{cite web| title = Monroe Shocks and Struts | date = 2005 | url = http://www.monroe.com/ | accessdate = 2008-02-06 }}
17. ^{{cite web| title = Walker Exhaust | date = 2006 | url = http://www.walkerexhaust.com/ | accessdate = 2008-02-06 }}
18. ^{{cite web| title = Brands - Rancho | date = 2005 | url = http://www.tenneco.com/OurBrands/Rancho/index.html | accessdate = 2011-03-12 }}
19. ^{{cite web| title = Brands - DynoMax | date = 2005 | url = http://www.tenneco.com/OurBrands/DynoMax/index.html | accessdate = 2011-03-11 }}
20. ^{{cite web| title = Brands - Clevite Elastomers | date = 2005 | url = http://www.tenneco.com/OurBrands/Clevite/index.html | accessdate = 2011-03-12 }}
21. ^{{cite web| title = Gillet GmbH | date = 2008 | url = http://www.gillet.com/ | accessdate = 2008-02-06 }}
22. ^{{cite web| title = Brands - Fonos | date = 2005 | url = http://www.tenneco.com/OurBrands/Fonos/index.html | accessdate = 2011-03-12 }}
23. ^{{cite web| title = Brands - Fric-Rot | date = 2005 | url = http://www.tenneco.com/OurBrands/Fric-Rot/index.html | accessdate = 2011-03-12 }}
24. ^{{cite web| title = Kinetic Suspension Technology | url = http://www.tenneco.com/OurBrands/Kinetic/index.html | accessdate = 2011-03-12 }}
25. ^{{cite web| title = Thrush | date = 2007 | url = http://www.thrushexhaust.com/ | accessdate = 2008-02-06 }}
26. ^{{cite web | title = Brands - DNX | date = 2005 | url = http://www.tenneco.com/brands/dnx.html | accessdate = 2008-02-06 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080113065151/http://tenneco.com/brands/dnx.html | archivedate = 2008-01-13 | df = }}
27. ^{{cite web | title = Brands - Marzocchi | date = 2008 | url = http://www.tenneco.com/OurBrands/Marzocchi/index.html | accessdate = 2008-02-06 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100210172535/http://www.tenneco.com/OurBrands/Marzocchi/index.html | archivedate = 2010-02-10 | df = }}
28. ^{{cite web| title = Brands - Axios | date = 2011 | url = http://www.tenneco.com/OurBrands/Axios/index.html | accessdate = 2011-03-12 }}
29. ^{{cite web| title = Brands - Lukey | date = 2011 | url = http://www.tenneco.com/OurBrands/Lukey/index.html | accessdate = 2011-03-12 }}
30. ^Ad in 2007 Monroe County Community Profile