| 词条 | Federal Assembly (Switzerland) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name = Federal Assembly |native_name = {{plainlist|
}} |coa_pic = Swiss Council Logo.svg |coa_res = 100px |house_type = Bicameral |houses = Council of States National Council |leader1_type = President of the National Council |leader1 = Jürg Stahl |party1 = SVP/UDC |leader2_type = President of the Council of States |leader2 = Raphaël Comte |party2 = FDP.The Liberals |structure1 = Swiss Federal Apportionment Diagram.svg |structure1_res = 200px |structure2 = File:Council of States (Switzerland) Nov 2015.svg |structure2_res = 200px |members = 246 200 National Council 46 Council of States |house1 = National Council |political_groups1 =
|house2 = {{nowrap|Council of States}} |political_groups2 =
|last_election1 = 18 October 2015 |last_election2 = 18 October, 15 and 22 November 2015 |session_room = Bundeshaus - Nationalratsratssaal - 001.jpg |session_res = 250px |meeting_place = Federal Palace of Switzerland, Bern |website = {{URL|http://www.parliament.ch}} }} The Federal Assembly ({{lang-de|Bundesversammlung}}, {{lang-fr|Assemblée fédérale}}, {{lang-it|Assemblea federale}}, {{lang-rm|Assamblea federala}}) is Switzerland's federal legislature. It meets in Bern in the Federal Palace. The Federal Assembly is bicameral, being composed of the 200-seat National Council and the 46-seat Council of States. The houses have identical powers. Members of both houses represent the cantons, but, whereas seats in the National Council are distributed in proportion to population, each canton has two seats in the Council of States, except the six 'half-cantons', which have one seat each. Both are elected in full once every four years, with the last election being held in 2015. The Federal Assembly possesses the federal government's legislative power, along with the separate constitutional right of citizen's initiative. For a law to pass, it must be passed by both houses. The Federal Assembly may come together as a United Federal Assembly in certain circumstances, such as to elect the Federal Council (the head of government and state), the Federal Chancellor, the federal judges or a general (only in times of great national danger). HistoryThe Federal Assembly was created in 1848, with the rise of Switzerland as a federal state. The previous central institution was the Federal Diet of Switzerland. CompositionThe Federal Assembly is made up of two chambers:
Seats in the National Council are allocated to the cantons proportionally, based on population. In the Council of States, every canton has two seats (except for the former "half-cantons", which have one seat each). United Federal AssemblyOn occasions the two houses sit jointly as the "United Federal Assembly" ({{lang-de|Vereinigte Bundesversammlung}}, {{lang-fr|Assemblée fédérale, Chambres réunies}}, {{lang-it|Assemblea federale plenaria}}, {{lang-rm|Assamblea federala plenara}}). This is done to:
The United Federal Assembly is presided by the National Council's presidency. The Federal Assembly also confirms the appointment of the Federal Data Protection and Information Commissioner (appointed by the Federal Council).[1] Groups{{Politics of Switzerland}}Parties can cooperate in groups, allowing smaller parties access to rights as part of a caucus. These groups must have at least five members and must be maintained across both chambers.[2] Being a member of a formal group gives members the right to sit on committees, and those that aren't members can't speak in most debates. Each group receives a fixed allowance of CHF{{Clarify|date=October 2010}}112,000, whilst each member of a group also receives an additional CHF20,800 a year each.[2]{{rs?|date=January 2016}} Since March 2009, there have been six groups in the Federal Assembly. The latest group to form was the Conservative Democratic Party which split off the Swiss People's Party in 2008. The Christian Democrats/EPP/glp Group (CEg) was formed after the 2007 elections, out of the former Christian Democratic (C) and EPP (E) groups. The current FTP/Liberal group (RL) was formed in 2003 out of the former FDP (R) and Liberal (L) groups; since the 2009 fusion of the Free Democrati and Liberal Parties, RL is once again a single-party group. In 2011, the CEg was disbanded, the Green Liberals formed their own parliamentary group (GL) and the three Christian parties formed the Christian-Evangelical Group (CE). Currently (for the legislative period of 2015 - 2019), the seven parliamentary groups are composed as follows[3]:
See also
Notes and references1. ^[https://www.admin.ch/opc/en/classified-compilation/19920153/index.html Federal Act on Data Protection of 19 June 1992 (status as of 1 January 2014)], Federal Chancellery of Switzerland (page visited on 18 September 2016). 2. ^1 Swiss Confederation (2010), p. 36 3. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.parlament.ch/en/organe/groups|title=Parliamentary groups|website=www.parlament.ch|language=en-US|access-date=2017-05-28}} Bibliography
External links
6 : Federal Assembly (Switzerland)|Government of Switzerland|Bicameral legislatures|Parliaments by country|National legislatures|Politics of Switzerland |
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