| 词条 | Federalist No. 84 |
| 释义 |
| italic title = | name = Federalist No. 84 | image = Alexander Hamilton portrait by John Trumbull 1806.jpg | image_size = 200px | border = yes | alt = | caption = Alex Hamilton, author of Federalist No. 84 | author = Alex Hamilton | title_orig = Certain General and Miscellaneous Objections to the Constitution Considered and Answered | country = United States | language = English | publisher = The Independent Journal, New York Packet, The Daily Advertiser | pub_date = July 16 – August 9, 1788 | media_type = Newspaper | preceded_by = Federalist No. 83 | followed_by = Federalist No. 85 }} Federalist No. 84 is a political essay by American Founding Father Alexander Hamilton, the eighty-fourth and penultimate essay in a series known as The Federalist Papers. It was published July 16, July 26, and August 9, 1788 under the pseudonym Publius, the name which all The Federalist Papers were published. The official title of the work is "Certain General and Miscellaneous Objections to the Constitution Considered and Answered". Federalist 84 is best known for its opposition to a Bill of Rights, a viewpoint that the work's other author, James Madison, disagreed with. Madison's position eventually won out in Congress and a Bill of Rights was ratified on December 15, 1791. ContentFederalist No. 84 is notable for presenting the idea that a Bill of Rights was not a necessary component of the proposed United States Constitution. The Constitution, as originally written, did not specifically enumerate or protect the rights of the people. It is alleged that many Americans at the time opposed the inclusion of a bill of rights: if such a bill were created, they feared, this might later be interpreted as a list of the only rights that people had. Hamilton wrote: {{quote|It has been several times truly remarked, that bills of rights are in their origin, stipulations between kings and their subjects, abridgments of prerogative in favor of privilege, reservations of rights not surrendered to the prince. Such was Magna Carta, obtained by the Barons, sword in hand, from king John...It is evident, therefore, that according to their primitive signification, they have no application to constitutions professedly founded upon the power of the people, and executed by their immediate representatives and servants. Here, in strictness, the people surrender nothing, and as they retain every thing, they have no need of particular reservations. "We the people of the United States, to secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this constitution for the United States of America." Here is a better recognition of popular rights than volumes of those aphorisms which make the principal figure in several of our state bills of rights, and which would sound much better in a treatise of ethics than in a constitution of government....I go further, and affirm that bills of rights, in the sense and in the extent in which they are contended for, are not only unnecessary in the proposed constitution, but would even be dangerous. They would contain various exceptions to powers which are not granted; and on this very account, would afford a colorable pretext to claim more than were granted. For why declare that things shall not be done which there is no power to do? Why for instance, should it be said, that the liberty of the press shall not be restrained, when no power is given by which restrictions may be imposed? I will not contend that such a provision would confer a regulating power; but it is evident that it would furnish, to men disposed to usurp, a plausible pretense for claiming that power.}} Hamilton continued in this essay on defending the notion that a bill of rights is unnecessary for the Constitution when he stated, "There remains but one other view of this matter to conclude the point. The truth is, after all the declamation we have heard, that the constitution is itself in every rational sense, and to every useful purpose, A BILL OF RIGHTS. The several bills of rights, in Great-Britain, form its constitution, and conversely the constitution of each state is its bill of rights. And the proposed constitution, if adopted, will be the bill of rights of the union."[1] Hamilton’s argument is ultimately that a bill of rights should not be added to the Constitution, because the entire Constitution is in itself a bill of rights. Hamilton's belief is that the entire document, U.S. Constitution, should set limits and checks and balances on the government so that no individual’s rights will be infringed upon. See also
References1. ^{{cite book|last1=Hamilton|first1=Alexander|title=The Federalist Papers No. 84|date=2009|publisher=Yale University Press|location=New Haven|page=435}} External links{{wikisource|The_Federalist_Papers/No._84|Federalist No. 84}}
4 : 1788 in law|1788 in the United States|1788 documents|Federalist Papers by Alexander Hamilton |
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