| 词条 | Federal Police (Germany) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| agencyname = Federal Police | nativename = Bundespolizei | commonname = Federal Police | abbreviation = BPOL | patch = | patchcaption = | logo = | logocaption = | badge = Bundespolizei-Logos-improved.svg | badgecaption = Logo of the BPOL | flag = | flagcaption = | motto = | mottotranslated = | mission = | formed = {{Start date and age|2005|07|01|df=y|p=y}} | preceding1 = Bundesgrenzschutz (BGS) (Federal Border Guard) | employees = 43,368 | volunteers = | budget = €3.581 billion (2019)[1] | nongovernment = | country = Germany | federal = Yes | map = | mapcaption = | sizearea = | sizepopulation = | legaljuris = | governingbody = | governingbodyscnd = | constitution1 = | police = Yes | overviewtype = | overviewbody = | headquarters = BPOL-Präsidium, Potsdam | hqlocmap = | hqlocleft = | hqloctop = | hqlocmappoptitle = | sworntype = Police Officers | sworn = 35,270[2] | unsworntype = Civilians | unsworn = 7,000[2] | electeetype = | minister1name = | minister1pfo = | chief1name = Dieter Romann | chief1position = Präsident des Bundespolizeipräsidiums | parentagency = Federal Ministry of the Interior, Building and Community | child1agency = | unittype = | unitname = | officetype = BPOL-Direktions | officename = {{collapsible list |title=9 |• Bad Bramstedt covering Schleswig-Holstein and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern |• Hanover covering Bremen, Hamburg and Lower Saxony |• Sankt Augustin covering North Rhine-Westphalia |• Koblenz covering Saarland, Rheinland-Pfalz and Hesse |• Stuttgart covering Baden-Württemberg |• Munich covering Bavaria |• Pirna covering Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia |• Potsdam covering Berlin and Brandenburg |• Frankfurt International Airport |• Fuldatal covering the Raid Police |• Direktion 11 (Berlin) covering GSG9, Fliegergruppe and other special forces}} | stationtype = | stations = | lockuptype = | lockups = | vehicle1type = Motor vehicle | vehicles1 = 6,500[2] | boat1type = | boats1 = 17[2] | aircraft1type = Helicopters | aircraft1 = 84[2] | animal1type = Service dog | animals1 = 450[2] | animal2type = Service horse | animals2 = 22[2] | person1name = | person1reason = | person1type = | programme1 = | activity1name = | activitytype = | anniversary1 = | award1 = | website = [https://www.bundespolizei.de/Web/DE/_Home/home_node.html www.bundespolizei.de] (German) | footnotes = }} The Federal Police (Bundespolizei or BPOL) is a (primarily) uniformed federal police force in Germany. It is subordinate to the Federal Ministry of the Interior (Bundesministerium des Innern (BMI)).[3] Ordinary police forces, meanwhile, are under the administration of the individual German states (Bundesländer) and are known as the Landespolizei. The Bundespolizei was formerly known as the Bundesgrenzschutz (BGS) ("Federal Border Guard"), which had a more restricted role. Prior to 1994 BGS members also had military combatant status due to their historical foundation and border-guard role in West Germany. In July 2005 the law renaming the BGS as the BPOL was enacted. Missions{{Unreferenced section|date=October 2017}}The BPOL has the following missions:
The Bundespolizei can also be used to reinforce state police if requested by a state (Land) government. The BPOL maintains these reserve forces to deal with major demonstrations, disturbances or emergencies, supplementing the capabilities of the State Operational Support Units. Several highly trained detachments are available for crisis situations requiring armored cars, water cannon or other special equipment. BPOL has investigators conduct criminal investigations only within its jurisdiction; otherwise the cases are referred to the appropriate state police force or to the federal criminal investigative agency, the Federal Criminal Police (Bundeskriminalamt, BKA). In addition, the Bundespolizei cooperates closely with German state executive authorities, such as prosecutor's offices (Staatsanwaltschaft) in pursuing criminal investigations. Restoration of border control tasking on all borders (2015)On the night of 13 September 2015 Germany unilaterally reintroduced border controls, under emergency provisions of the Schengen Agreement, due to the 2015 European migrant crisis overwhelming Germany's available resources, law enforcement and otherwise. The nominally temporary border controls were initially put in place just on the border with Austria, but by the following day (Monday 14 September 2015) they were being put in place at all borders with fellow EU members. The same day, Austria and other EU members who were part of the Schengen Area began to put in place their own border controls (again meant to be temporary) in response to Germany's actions. The new German border controls are to be primarily enforced both by the various Landespolizei of those German states that adjoin external borders, and in particular by the Bundespolizei. StrengthThe Bundespolizei consists of around 40,000 personnel:
OrganizationThe BPOL national headquarters (BPOL-Präsidium) in Potsdam performs all central control functions. Eight regional headquarters (BPOL-Direktion) control the BPOL stations conduct rail police and border protection missions. These areas of responsibility conform to the federal state boundaries which they did not do prior to 1 March 2008. The regional headquarters are as follows:
These regional headquarters each have an investigation department and a mobile inspection and observation unit. Moreover, they control the 67 BPOL stations (BPOL-Inspektion) which in turn control the Bundespolizeireviere or precincts located in places that require a 24-hour presence by BPOL officers. A special Direktion is responsible for Frankfurt International Airport. The central school for advanced and vocational training is in Lübeck and controls the six basic training schools in Swisttal, Neustrelitz, Oerlenbach, Walsrode, Eschwege and Bamberg. It is also in charge of the Federal Police Sport School in Bad Endorf and a competitive sport project in Kienbaum near Berlin. The sport school specialises in winter sport events and has trained many of Germany's top skiers and skaters such as Claudia Pechstein. The Zentrale Direktion Bundesbereitschaftspolizei controls the mobile support and rapid reaction battalions located in Bayreuth, Deggendorf, Blumberg (near Berlin), Hünfeld, Uelzen, Duderstadt, Sankt Augustin, Bad Bergzabern, Bad Düben and Ratzeburg. The number of Bereitschaftspolizei companies increased in March 2008 from 28 to 29 comprising approx. 25 percent of Germany’s police support units.[4] BPOL Special UnitsThe following special units also exist:
HistoryIn 1951 the West German government established a Federal Border Protection Force (Bundesgrenzschutz or BGS) composed of 10,000 men under the Federal Interior Ministry’s jurisdiction. The force replaced allied military organisations such as the U.S. Constabulary then patrolling West Germany’s borders. The BGS was described as a mobile, lightly armed police force for border and internal security despite fears that it would be the nucleus of a new German army. When West Germany did establish an army, the Bundeswehr, BGS personnel were given the choice of staying in the BGS or joining the army. Most decided to join the army. In 1953, the BGS took control of the German Passport Control Service. In 1972 the Compulsory Border Guard Service was enacted by the parliament, which - in theory - is still in force, but suspended, similar to the conscription for the Bundeswehr.[6][7] In 1976, the state police grades replaced the military rank structure and BGS training was modified to closely match that of the state police forces (Landespolizei). The West German Railway Police (Bahnpolizei), formerly an independent force, and the East German Transportpolizei were restructured under the BGS in 1990. In July 2005, the BGS was renamed the Bundespolizei or BPOL (Federal Police) to reflect its transition to a multi-faceted federal police agency. The change also involved a shift to blue uniforms and livery for vehicles and helicopters. The German Interior Ministry reviewed the structure of the BPOL in 2007 and in March 2008 made the structure leaner to get more officers out of offices and onto patrol. VehiclesBundespolizei vehicles have number plates that are based on the BP XX-YYY system. BP stands for Bundespolizei. Older vehicles may still have the BGS "BG" plates. XX is a number from 10 to 55 indicating the type of vehicle:
YYY is a combination of up to three numbers. The Bundespolizei have favoured, and in some cases still favor (where the model is still in production), the following types of car:
WeaponryThis is some of the weaponry utilized by the Federal Police:
Aircraft inventoryThe Federal Police now has been reduced to three flight amenities pattern of 87 helicopters. This is the largest civilian helicopter fleet in Germany.[8]
Former aircraft
K-9 supportApproximately 500 working dogs are used in the Federal Police at present. Most of the dogs are German shepherds. Other dog breeds are also used such as malinois, Dutch shepherd, German wirehaired pointer, giant schnauzer, and rottweiler. They accompany their handlers on daily missions in railway facilities, at airports, at the border or in physical security. Most working dogs live with the families of their handlers. Basic and advanced training is performed under the supervision of the Federal Police Academy at the Federal Police canine schools in Bleckede (Lower Saxony) and Neuendettelsau (Bavaria) where dogs and handlers go through patrol dog and explosive detection courses. RanksJunior ranks (Mittlerer Dienst)
See also
References1. ^{{cite web|title=Bundespolizei|url=https://www.bundeshaushalt.de/#/2019/soll/ausgaben/einzelplan/06.html}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web|title=Daten und Fakten|url=https://www.bundespolizei.de/Web/DE/05Die-Bundespolizei/07Daten-Fakten/Daten-Fakten_node.html}} 3. ^OSCE Entry on BPOL http://polis.osce.org/countries/details.php?item_id=17#Country_Profile_Section_211 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090524060329/http://polis.osce.org/countries/details.php?item_id=17 |date=2009-05-24 }} 4. ^[https://www.bundespolizei.de/cln_049/nn_249932/DE/Home/__Startseite/Neuorganisation/070426__konzept__neuorganisation,templateId=raw,property=publicationFile.pdf/070426_konzept_neuorganisation.pdf Official BPOL news release on reorganisation (in German)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716175600/http://www.bundespolizei.de/cln_049/nn_249932/DE/Home/__Startseite/Neuorganisation/070426__konzept__neuorganisation%2CtemplateId%3Draw%2Cproperty%3DpublicationFile.pdf/070426_konzept_neuorganisation.pdf |date=2011-07-16 }} 5. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://www.bundespolizei.de/DE/06Die-Bundespolizei/Ausstattung/Boote/boote_node.html |title=Einsatzschiffe sowie Kontroll- und Streifenboote |trans-title=Cruise and patrol vessels |publisher=Bundespolizei |language=German |accessdate=18 June 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120724140040/http://www.bundespolizei.de/DE/06Die-Bundespolizei/Ausstattung/Boote/boote_node.html |archivedate=24 July 2012 |df= }} 6. ^http://dipbt.bundestag.de/doc/brd/1994/D840+94.pdf 7. ^https://books.google.at/books?id=RcPPBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA57&lpg=PA57&dq=Grenzschutzdienstpflicht&source=bl&ots=dI2L9pnpEV&sig=evQ1ihN3bdIYICFjdNFr8fdlWgY&hl=de&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiBirvW4ZTdAhXqkIsKHbh3DHA4ChDoATAAegQIABAB#v=onepage&q=Grenzschutzdienstpflicht&f=false 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.bundespolizei.de/DE/06Die-Bundespolizei/Historie/historie_node.html |title=Historie der Bundespolizei |accessdate=2015-04-04 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928045244/http://www.bundespolizei.de/DE/06Die-Bundespolizei/Historie/historie_node.html |archivedate=September 28, 2011 |df= }} 9. ^http://strategie-technik.blogspot.de/2016/12/nh90-sea-lion-absolviert-jungfernflug.html External links{{commons|Federal Police of Germany|German Federal Police}}
2 : Federal law enforcement agencies of Germany|Port law enforcement agencies |
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