| 词条 | The Basilica of the National Shrine of Our Lady of Aparecida |
| 释义 |
|name=Cathedral Basilica National Shrine of Our Lady of Aparecida Catedral Basílica Santuário Nacional de Nossa Senhora Aparecida |image=Basilica of the National Shrine of Our Lady of Aparecida, 2007.jpg |caption=Basílica do Santuário Nacional de Nossa Senhora Aparecida |location=Aparecida, Brazil |geo= |religious_affiliation = Catholic |rite = Roman Rite |province = Archdiocese of Aparecida |district = |consecration_year = 4 July 1980 |status = Minor basilica |leadership = |website = {{URL|a12.com/santuario}} |architect = Benedito Calixto Filho |architecture_type = Church |architecture_style = Romanesque Revival |facade_direction = | groundbreaking = 1955 |year_completed = |construction_cost = |capacity = 45,000‒70,000[1] |length = {{convert|173|m|ft}} |width = {{convert|168|m|ft}} |width_nave = |height_max = {{convert|100|m|ft}} |dome_quantity = |dome_height_outer = {{convert|70|m|ft}} |dome_height_inner = |dome_dia_outer = |dome_dia_inner = |minaret_quantity = |minaret_height = |spire_quantity = |spire_height = |materials = }} The Cathedral Basilica of the National Shrine of Our Lady Aparecida ({{lang-pt|Catedral Basílica Santuário Nacional de Nossa Senhora Aparecida}}) is a prominent Roman Rite Catholic basilica in Aparecida, Brazil. It is dedicated to Our Lady of Aparecida, (a variant of the Immaculate Conception) as the principal Patroness of Brazil. Nossa Senhora da Conceição Aparecida roughly translates to Our Lady of Conception Who Appeared. It is the second largest church in the world, after St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City. HistoryThe site has its origins in the finding of a statue of the Virgin Mary.[2] According to local tradition, three fishermen were attempting to catch a large amount of fish in the Paraíba River for a banquet honoring the visit of São Paulo Governor, Pedro de Almeida in 1717.[3] Despite their prayers, their attempts were fruitless until late in the day, one of the fishermen cast his net and pulled it back to find the statue of the Virgin Mary.[4] Upon his next cast, he found the head.[4] The group cleaned the statue, wrapped it in cloth, and returned to their task to find their fortunes had changed and they were able to obtain all the fish they needed. The statue is believed to be the work of Frei Agostino de Jesus, a monk residing in São Paulo.[5][6] The statue was originally housed at the home of Felipe Pedroso, one of the fisherman who found it. This became a popular site for visitors wishing to pray to the statue, leading Pedroso's family to build a small chapel to house the statue.[2] This was replaced in 1734 by a larger chapel, and then in 1834 by the first basilica on the site.[2] In 1955, with pilgrimage numbers still growing, work began on the present building.[7][2] It has room for 45,000 people and competes with Basilica of Our Lady of Peace of Yamoussoukro for the title of the world's second largest church, after St Peter's Basilica.[2] The old wooden chapel was originally built in 1745. The old shrine is a modest church in the colonial style built between 1834 and 1888. Since that time, pious worshippers have termed it as a basilica.[8] Due to the following conflicting accounts on dates, the Vatican has enumerated the following recorded Papal documents:
New BasilicaIn 1955, Benedito Calixto began the construction on the new basilica. The structure is in the Romanesque Revival style and takes the form of a Greek Cross with arms {{convert|188|m|ft|abbr=on}} in length and {{convert|183|m|ft|abbr=on}} in width.{{Citation needed|date=March 2019}} The dome is {{convert|70|m|ft|abbr=on}} high[11] and the tower reaches a height of {{convert|109|m|ft|abbr=on}}.[12] The basilica contains {{convert|23000|m2|sqft|abbr=on}} of space.[11] The main church hall can accommodate 30,000 people, which can expand to 300,000 during external celebrations.[13] The grounds contain a shopping mall, medical clinic, restaurants and a {{convert|272000|m2|sqft|abbr=on}} parking lot that can hold 4,000 buses and 6,000 cars.[9] On 4 July 1980, Pope John Paul II consecrated the sanctuary under the name Our Lady of Aparecida while the building was still under construction.[14] The feast day for Our Lady of Aparecida is 12 October.[6] Pope Benedict XVI visited the Basilica of the Shrine of Aparecida on 12 May 2007, during his Apostolic Journey to Brazil on the occasion of the Fifth General Conference of the Bishops of Latin America and the Caribbean.[15] During his visit, the Pope awarded the Shrine a Golden Rose. On the occasion of World Youth Day, Pope Francis visited the basilica on 24 July 2013, venerating the image of Our Lady of Aparecida and celebrating mass there.[16] See{{Portal|Catholicism|Brazil}}
References1. ^{{cite news| title=Basilica of Aparecida waits 160,000 people (in Portuguese)| url=http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/interna/0,,OI1984236-EI306,00.html| work=Terra Networks | publisher=terra.com.br| date=12 October 2007| accessdate=22 February 2013}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=KDU30Ae4S4cC&pg=PA42 |p=42 |title=Religious Celebrations: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations |volume=2 |author1=J. Gordon Melton |author2=Constance A. Jones |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2011}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.vaticannews.va/en/saints/10/12/our-lady-of-aparecida.html |title=OUR LADY OF APARECIDA |work=VaticanNews.va |accessdate=31 October 2018}} 4. ^1 {{cite book |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=y_WMepJyd_0C&pg=PA206 |p=206 |title=The Fabric of the Future: Women Visionaries of Today Illuminate the Path to Tomorrow |author=M.J. Ryan |publisher=Conari Press |year=2000}} 5. ^{{cite web| title=Our Lady Aparecida - History| url=http://www.aboutsaopaulo.com/city/aparecida/our-lady.html| publisher=AboutSaoPaulo.com| accessdate=22 February 2013}} 6. ^1 {{cite web |title=Our Lady of Aparecida – Patroness of Brazil |url=http://wydcentral.org/our-lady-of-aparecida-patroness-of-brazil/ |publisher=wydcentral.org |accessdate=22 February 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130301113708/http://wydcentral.org/our-lady-of-aparecida-patroness-of-brazil/ |archivedate=1 March 2013 |df=dmy }} 7. ^{{cite book |p=588 |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=CGh-BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA588 |title=The Changing World Religion Map: Sacred Places, Identities, Practices and Politics |author=Stanley D. Brunn |publisher=Springer |year=2015}} 8. ^{{cite news| title=Brazil's giant basilica is backdrop for Pope visit| url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2007/05/06/us-brazil-pope-basilica-idUSN0236838720070506| publisher=Reuters.com| agency=Reuters| date=6 May 2007| accessdate=22 February 2013}} 9. ^1 {{cite news| title=Our Lady of Aparecida, Brazil| url=http://www.catholicvoice.ie/features/2009/07/19/our_lady_of_aparecida_brazil| work=Catholic Voice| author=William Thomas| date=19 July 2009| publisher=CatholicVoice.ie| accessdate=22 February 2013}} 10. ^http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/homilies/1980/documents/hf_jp-ii_hom_19800704_aparecida-brazil_en.html 11. ^1 {{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-brazil-pope-basilica/brazils-giant-basilica-is-backdrop-for-pope-visit-idUSN0236838720070506|title=Brazil's giant basilica is backdrop for Pope visit|last=|first=|date=6 May 2007|work=|access-date=|publisher=Reuters}} 12. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.a12.com/santuario/santuario-em-numeros|title=Santuário em números|last=|first=|date=|website=a12.com|language=pt|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=25 March 2019}} 13. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.a12.com/santuario/santuario-em-numeros|title=Santuário em números|last=|first=|date=|website=a12.com|language=pt|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=25 March 2019}} 14. ^{{cite press release| title=Prayer of John Paul II in the Basilica of Aparecida| url=http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/speeches/1980/july/documents/hf_jp-ii_spe_19800704_aparecida-brasile_en.html| date=4 July 1980| publisher=Vatican.va| accessdate=22 February 2013}} 15. ^{{cite press release|url=http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/speeches/2007/may/documents/hf_ben-xvi_spe_20070512_rosario-brazil_en.html |title=Address of His Holiness Benedict XVI |date=12 May 2007 |publisher=Vatican.va |accessdate=22 February 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130303044101/http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/speeches/2007/may/documents/hf_ben-xvi_spe_20070512_rosario-brazil_en.html |archivedate=3 March 2013 |df=dmy }} 16. ^{{Cite web|url = https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2013/07/24/205209586/in-first-public-mass-in-brazil-pope-francis-urges-humility-charity|title = In First Public Mass In Brazil, Pope Francis Urges Humility, Charity|date = |access-date = February 2016|website = |publisher = NPR|last = |first = }} External links
8 : Basilica churches in Brazil|Marian shrines|Recipients of the Golden Rose|Roman Catholic churches in Brazil|Places of worship in São Paulo (state)|Roman Catholic shrines in Brazil|1717 establishments in South America|Roman Catholic churches completed in 1980 |
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