| 词条 | Ferdinand I of Austria |
| 释义 |
|name =Ferdinand I & V |image =Ferdinand I; Keizer van Oostenrijk.jpg |full name =Ferdinand Charles Leopold Joseph Francis Marcelin |caption = Ferdinand wearing the Order of the Golden Fleece, portrait by Leopold Kupelwieser, 1847 | succession = Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, Bohemia, Dalmatia, and Croatia |moretext = (more...) |reign =2 March 1835 – {{nowrap|2 December 1848}} |cor-type =Coronations |coronation =28 September 1835, Pressburg {{small|Y(Hungary and Croatia)}} 7 September 1836, Prague {{small|(Bohemia)}} 6 September 1838, Milan {{small|(Lombardy–Venetia)}} |predecessor =Francis I |successor =Franz Joseph I |reg-type ={{nowrap|Prime Minister}} |regent =See list |succession1 =Head of the Präsidialmacht Austria |reign-type1 =In office |reign1 =2 March 1835 – 12 July 1848 |predecessor1 =Francis I |successor1 =Franz Joseph I |spouse =Maria Anna of Savoy |house =Habsburg-Lorraine |father =Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor |mother =Maria Theresa of the Two Sicilies |birth_date ={{Birth date|1793|4|19|df=y}} |death_date ={{Death date and age|1875|6|29|1793|4|19|df=y}} |birth_place =Vienna, Archduchy of Austria, Holy Roman Empire[1] |death_place =Prague, Kingdom of Bohemia, Austria-Hungary[1] |burial_place =Imperial Crypt |signature = |religion =Roman Catholicism |}} Ferdinand I (19 April 1793 – 29 June 1875) was the Emperor of Austria from 1835 until his abdication in 1848. As ruler of Austria, he was also President of the German Confederation, King of Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia (as Ferdinand V), King of Lombardy–Venetia and holder of many other lesser titles (see grand title of the Emperor of Austria). Ferdinand succeeded on the death of his father Francis II and I on 2 March 1835. He was incapable of ruling his empire because of his mental deficiency, so his father, before he died, made a will which promulgated that Ferdinand should consult Archduke Louis on all aspects of internal policy and urged him to be influenced by Prince Metternich, Austria's Foreign Minister.[2] Following the Revolutions of 1848, Ferdinand abdicated on 2 December 1848. He was succeeded by his nephew, Franz Joseph. Following his abdication, he lived in Hradčany Palace, Prague, until his death in 1875.[3] Ferdinand married Maria Anna of Savoy, the sixth child of Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia. They had no children. BiographyEarly lifeFerdinand was the eldest son of Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily. Possibly as a result of his parents' genetic closeness (they were double first cousins), Ferdinand suffered from epilepsy, hydrocephalus, neurological problems, and a speech impediment. He was educated by Baron Josef Kalasanz von Erberg, and his wife Josephine, by birth a Countess von Attems.[4] ReignFerdinand has been depicted as feeble-minded and incapable of ruling, but although he had epilepsy, he kept a coherent and legible diary and has even been said to have had a sharp wit, but having as many as twenty seizures per day severely restricted his ability to rule with any effectiveness. Though he was not declared incapacitated, a Regent's Council (Archduke Louis, Count Kolowrat, and Prince Metternich) steered the government. When Ferdinand married Princess Maria Anna of Savoy, the court physician considered it unlikely that he would be able to consummate the marriage.[5] When he tried to consummate the marriage, he had five seizures. He is best remembered for his command to his cook: when told he could not have apricot dumplings (Marillenknödel) because apricots were out of season, he said "I am the Emperor, and I want dumplings!" ({{lang-de|Ich bin der Kaiser und ich will Knödel}}!).[6][7] 1848 RevolutionAs the revolutionaries of 1848 were marching on the palace, he is supposed to have asked Metternich for an explanation. When Metternich answered that they were making a revolution, Ferdinand is supposed to have said "But are they allowed to do that?" (Viennese German: Ja, dürfen's denn des?) He was convinced by Felix zu Schwarzenberg to abdicate in favour of his nephew, Franz Joseph (the next in line was Ferdinand's younger brother Franz Karl, but he was persuaded to waive his succession rights in favour of his son) who would occupy the Austrian throne for the next sixty-eight years. Ferdinand recorded the events in his diary: "The affair ended with the new Emperor kneeling before his old Emperor and Lord, that is to say, me, and asking for a blessing, which I gave him, laying both hands on his head and making the sign of the Holy Cross ... then I embraced him and kissed our new master, and then we went to our room. Afterwards I and my dear wife heard Holy Mass ... After that I and my dear wife packed our bags." In retirement (1848-1875)Ferdinand was the last King of Bohemia to be crowned as such. Due to his sympathy with Bohemia (where he spent the rest of his life in Prague Castle) he was given the Czech nickname "Ferdinand V, the Good" (Ferdinand Dobrotivý). In Austria, Ferdinand was similarly nicknamed "Ferdinand der Gütige" (Ferdinand the Benign), but also ridiculed as "Gütinand der Fertige" (Goodinand the Finished). He is interred in tomb number 62 in the Imperial Crypt in Vienna. TitlesHe used the titles:[8] His Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty Ferdinand the First, By the Grace of God
Ancestry{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. Ferdinand I of Austria |2= 2. Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor |3= 3. Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily | 4 = 4. Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor[9] | 5 = 5. Maria Louisa of Spain[9] | 6 = 6. Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies[10] | 7 = 7. Maria Carolina of Austria[10] | 8 = 8. Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor[11] (= 14) | 9 = 9. Maria Theresa of Austria[11] (= 15) | 10 = 10. Charles III of Spain[12] (= 12) | 11 = 11. Maria Amalia of Saxony[12] (= 13) | 12 = 12. Charles III of Spain[13] (= 10) | 13 = 13. Maria Amalia of Saxony[13] (= 11) | 14 = 14. Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor[11] (= 8) | 15 = 15. Maria Theresa of Austria[11] (= 9) | 16 = 16. Leopold, Duke of Lorraine[14] (= 28) | 17 = 17. Élisabeth Charlotte of Orléans[14] (= 29) | 18 = 18. Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor[15] (= 30) | 19 = 19. Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick[15] (= 31) | 20 = 20. Philip V of Spain[13] (= 24) | 21 = 21. Elisabeth Farnese[13] (= 25) | 22 = 22. Augustus III of Poland[13] (= 26) | 23 = 23. Maria Josepha of Austria[13] (= 27) | 24 = 24. Philip V of Spain (= 20) | 25 = 25. Elisabeth Farnese (= 21) | 26 = 26. Augustus III of Poland (= 22) | 27 = 27. Maria Josepha of Austria (= 23) | 28 = 28. Leopold, Duke of Lorraine (= 16) | 29 = 29. Élisabeth Charlotte of Orléans (= 17) | 30 = 30. Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor (= 18) | 31 = 31. Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick (= 19) }} Ferdinand's parents were double first cousins as they shared all four grandparents (Francis' paternal grandparents were his wife's maternal grandparents and vice versa). Therefore, Ferdinand only had four great-grandparents, being descended from each of them twice. Further back in his ancestry there is more pedigree collapse due to the close intermarriage between the Houses of Austria and Spain and other Catholic monarchies. See also
References1. ^1 {{cite EB1911|wstitle=Ferdinand I. of Austria}} 2. ^Taylor, A. J. P.: "The Habsburg Monarchy 1809-1918" (Penguin Books, Great Britain, 1990, {{ISBN|978-0-14-013498-8}}), pp 52-53 3. ^van der Kiste, p 16 4. ^{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://nl.ijs.si:8080/fedora/get/sbl:0432/VIEW/ |title=Erberg Jožef Kalasanc baron |trans-title=Erberg Joseph Calasanz baron |encyclopedia=Slovenski biografski leksikon |editors=Vide Ogrin, Petra (electronic ed.). Cankar, Izidor et al. (printed ed.) 1925–1991. 2009 (electronic ed.) |language=Slovenian|last=Grafenauer |first=Bogo |isbn=978-961-268-001-5}} 5. ^van der Kiste, John. Emperor Francis Joseph London: Sutton Publishing, 2005 {{ISBN|0-7509-3787-4}}. p 2 6. ^According to A.J.P. Taylor, he was in fact asking for noodles - "But it is an unacceptable pun in English for a noodle to ask for noodles" - The Habsburg Monarchy 1809–1918 7. ^Regan, Geoffrey. Royal Blunders page 72 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.heraldica.org/topics/royalty/royalstyle.htm#austria|title=Royal Styles|first=Francois R.|last=Velde|website=www.heraldica.org}} 9. ^1 {{BLKO|wstitle=Habsburg, Franz I.|volume=6|page=208}} 10. ^1 {{BLKO|wstitle=Habsburg, Maria Theresia von Neapel|volume=7|page=81}} 11. ^1 2 3 {{BLKO|wstitle=Habsburg, Maria Theresia (deutsche Kaiserin)|volume=7|page=60}} 12. ^1 {{BLKO|wstitle=Habsburg, Maria Ludovica (deutsche Kaiserin)|volume=7|page=53}} 13. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book|title=Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans| trans-title=Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AINPAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA9|year=1768|publisher=Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel|location=Bourdeaux|language=fr|page=9}} 14. ^1 Genealogie ascendante, p. 81 15. ^1 Genealogie ascendante, p. 3 External links{{Commons|Ferdinand I of Austria}}
|title=Brockhaus Bilder-Conversations-Lexikon |volume=2 |location=Leipzig |year=1837 |pages=25–26 |trans-title= |language=German |url=http://www.zeno.org/Brockhaus-1837/A/Ferdinand+I. }}
|title=Brockhaus' Kleines Konversations-Lexikon |edition=5 |volume=1 |publicationplace=Leipzig |year=1911 |pages=569 |trans-title= |language=German |url=http://www.zeno.org/Brockhaus-1911/A/Ferdinand+I. }}
King of Hungary and Croatia King of Bohemia King of Lombardy–Venetia|years=1835–1848}}{{s-aft|after=Francis Joseph I}}{{s-off}}{{s-bef|rows=1|before=Francis I of Austria}}{{s-ttl|title=Head of the Präsidialmacht Austria|years=1835–1848}}{{s-aft|rows=1|after=Franz Joseph I of Austria}}{{s-end}}{{Monarchs of Bohemia}}{{German monarchs}}{{Hungarian kings}}{{German Confederations 1806–1871}}{{Austrian archdukes}}{{Hungarian Revolution of 1848}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Ferdinand 01 Of Austria}} 18 : 1793 births|1875 deaths|19th-century Emperors of Austria|Emperors of Austria|Dukes of Opole|Monarchs who abdicated|House of Habsburg-Lorraine|People of the Revolutions of 1848|Knights of the Golden Fleece|Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Ferdinand and of Merit|Grand Masters of the Order of the Golden Fleece|People with epilepsy|People with hydrocephalus|19th-century Austrian people|19th-century monarchs in Europe|Royalty and nobility with disabilities|Archdukes of Austria|Burials at the Imperial Crypt |
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