| 词条 | Ferdinand von Sammern-Frankenegg |
| 释义 |
Ferdinand von Sammern-Frankenegg (March 17, 1897 – September 20, 1944) was a German SS functionary during the Nazi era. He served in World War I; and postwar in the Freikorps Oberland and the Steirischer Heimatschutz. He served as SS and Police Leader of the Warsaw area in German occupied Poland from 1941 until 1943 during World War II. Sammern-Frankenegg was in charge of the Großaktion Warschau, the single most deadly operation against the Jews in the course of the Holocaust in occupied Poland, which entailed sending about 254,000 – 265,000 men, women and children, aboard overcrowded Holocaust trains to the extermination camp in Treblinka.[1] The liquidation of the Warsaw Ghetto between July 23 and September 21, 1942 was disguised as a "resettlement action" in order to trick the victims into cooperating. It was a major part of the murderous campaign codenamed Operation Reinhard in the Final Solution.[2] Von Sammern-Frankenegg remained in Warsaw until his first offensive operation in the suppression of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising on April 19, 1943, but he was unsuccessful.[3] After the failed offensive, von Sammern-Frankenegg was replaced by Jürgen Stroop,[4] and court-martialed by Heinrich Himmler on April 24, 1943 for his alleged ineptitude; which, for the SS, meant only one thing: guilty of "defending Jews".[5] He was subsequently transferred to Croatia where in September 1944 he was killed in a Yugoslav partisan ambush near the town of Klašnić. Notes1. ^Holocaust Encyclopedia (10 June 2013). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120605123023/http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007257 "Treblinka: Chronology"] (Internet Archive). United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Archived from the original on 5 June 2012. Retrieved 21 October 2014. "Deportations." 2. ^Arad, Yitzhak (1999). [https://books.google.com/books?id=QpAgHYTPRz0C&lpg=PA153&ots=EFdWuOWZxW&dq=operation%20reinhard%20gypsies&pg=PA153#v=onepage&q=operation%20reinhard%20gypsies&f=false Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka: The Operation Reinhard Death Camps] (Google Books preview). Indiana University Press. pp. 152–153. {{ISBN|978-0-253-21305-1}}. 3. ^David J Landau (2000), Caged — A story of Jewish Resistance, Pan Macmillan Australia, {{ISBN|0-7329-1063-3}}. 4. ^The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising by Marek Edelman. Interpress Publishers, pp. 17–39 (undated). 5. ^[https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/sammern.html Ferdinand von Sammern-Frankenegg] at the Jewish Virtual Library. 6. ^Joseph Wulf: Das Dritte Reich und seine Vollstrecker. Die Liquidation von 500.000 Juden im Ghetto Warschau. Arani, Berlin 1961, p. 240 References
11 : 1897 births|1943 deaths|German military personnel killed in World War II|Holocaust perpetrators in Poland|SS and Police Leaders|Warsaw Ghetto|SS-Brigadeführer|Members of the Reichstag of Nazi Germany|Recipients of the Iron Cross (1939), 1st class|Recipients of the Order of the Crown of King Zvonimir|20th-century Freikorps personnel |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。