“The Flying Dutchman (horse)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Flying Dutchman (1846–1870) was an English Thoroughbred racehorse and sire. He raced for four seasons between 1848 and 1851, winning all but one of his fifteen races, including The Derby and the St Leger. On his final racecourse appearance he defeated Voltigeur in what was probably the most celebrated match race in the history of British thoroughbred racing, known as The Great Match. He went on to be a success at stud both in Britain and France, where he died in 1870. The Flying Dutchman was regarded by experts{{who|date=January 2013}} as one of the greatest British racehorses of the nineteenth century.

Background

The Flying Dutchman, bred at Kirkleatham in Yorkshire, was a dark bay or "brown" horse standing 15.3 hands high. He had a strong back, deep shoulders, powerful hindquarters, good bone, and was a bit "over at the knee" (as were many of his offspring). The roman-nosed animal also had an exceptional stride, a quiet temper and a "fiery eye".^[3]

The Flying Dutchman was by Bay Middleton, who won every race in his two seasons on the turf until he was retired due to a problem with one of his forelegs.^[4] During that time, the colt won the Riddleton Stakes, the Bruton Street Stakes, the 2,000 Guineas, the Buckhust Stakes at Ascot, the Grand Duke Michael Stakes, The Derby (against Gladiator, Venison and Slane), and his final race, a match against and Muezzin. Bay Middleton was by Sultan, winner of the Derby, and out of The Oaks winning mare Cobweb. Bay Middleton also sired Aphrodite (winner of the 1,000 Guineas), The Hermit (2000 Guineas), Andover (Derby), and Fly By Night. As a broodmare-sire, he produced Ellen Middleton, and dams of Wild Dayrell, Saunterer, Mainstone, Sunbeam, and Mainbrace. He was the Leading sire in Great Britain and Ireland in 1844 and 1849.^[5]

The Flying Dutchman was out of the 15-hand mare Barbelle. She was by the stallion Sandbeck, who won the 1823 Club Stakes at Doncaster and 1824 York's Fitzwilliam Stakes, and produced the colt Redshank. Her other offspring included Van Tromp (by Lanercost), who was quite successful on the turf and at stud. His success led to Lord Eglinton's decision to agree to purchase any of her future foals £1,000. He thus became the owner of Barbelle's 1846 colt foal. The Flying Dutchman was sent into training with John Fobert at Middleham.

Racing career

1848: two-year-old season

The Flying Dutchman was undefeated in five races as a two-year-old in 1848. He won the July Stakes at Newmarket and a £400 Sweepstakes at the same course. At Liverpool he won a Sweepstakes for £1400. In autumn he appeared at Doncaster where he won the Champagne Stakes and one other race. His winnings for the season were £4,095.^[6]

1849: three-year-old season

As a three-year-old, The Flying Dutchman did not race before The Derby and was rumoured to be less than fully fit. He nevertheless started joint-favourite with Tadmor for the race at odds of 2/1 in a field of twenty-six runners.^[1] Ridden by Charles Marlow he led after half a mile but was overtaken in the straight by the outsider Hotspur, who was travelling strongly in the havey, muddy ground. Marlow had to use the whip twice (the only time the whip was used on The Flying Dutchman in his career) to ensure that he regained the lead and won by half a length over, with Tadmor third.^[7] Lord Eglington won heavily in betting on the race, and members of the Army and Navy Club ("The Rag") of which he was a member, reportedly took £30,000 in winning bets. John Fobert celebrated by holding a feast for a hundred poor families at Middleham.^[8] King William III of the Netherlands who was a great admirer of The Flying Dutchman, presented Fobert with a "magnificent breast-pin" in the shape of a horseshoe to commemorate the victory.^[9]

He had walk-overs when no rivals opposed him in his next two races, the Produce Stakes and the Bickerstaff Stakes, both at Liverpool. He returned on 12 September for the St Leger at Doncaster, in which he started 4/9 favourite against nine rivals.^[1] Although many of fashionable visitors were deterred by the poor weather, the race attracted a huge crowd, with many arriving by rail for the first time. The Flying Dutchman was held up in the early stages before making steady progress to turn into the straight in second place behind Vatican. The favourite took the lead a furlong from the finish and won very easily by two lengths in a time of 3:20.0 from the 2000 Guineas winner Nunnykirk who finished strongly to deprive Vatican of second.^[3] A few days later he had another walk-over in the Foal Stakes. He then won by forfeit, for £500, after Honeycomb (also by Bay Middleton) was withdrawn from a scheduled match race between the two: this win is not part of the Flying Dutchman's official race record. He finished the season with the Belvoir Stakes, winning by eight lengths.

1850: four-year-old season

At four, The Flying Dutchman first won the two and a half mile Emperor of Russia's Plate by eight lengths at Royal Ascot in June. He then won the 29-furlong Goodwood Stakes for four-year-olds by 10 lengths in July.

It wasn't until the Doncaster Cup that he was defeated in a two-horse race, by the 1850 Derby winner Voltigeur who had won St. Leger two days before. It is possible that The Flying Dutchman's defeat was due to the fact that the horse was not properly conditioned, since his trainer had thought that Voltigeur would forfeit. Another factor was the behaviour of jockey, Marlow, who had been drinking and ignored instructions to wait on the colt, instead crying "Ill show you what I've got under me today!"^[8] and pushing him at break-neck speed at the beginning of the race. Having started the race at odds of 2/11, The Flying Dutchman's odds in running shortened to 1/10 as he pulled progressively further ahead of his rival. His stamina, however, was being used up and although he held the lead into the straight Voltigeur, receiving nineteen pounds, wore him down to win by half a length.^[10] It was decided to scrap the original plan of retiring The Flying Dutchman after the Doncaster, and instead run him in a match race against Voltigeur to try to regain his reputation.

1851: five-year-old season

The Great Match

The two-mile race was held at York on 31 May 1851, for a purse of 1,000 sovereigns. The weights for the match were set by Henry John Rous, who decided that The Flying Dutchman should carry 120½ pounds to Voltigeur's 112. The race between the two Yorkshire horses generated enormous public interest, drawing an estimated 100,000 spectators, the largest crowd to the Knavesmire since the execution of Eugene Aram in 1759.^[8] Even the horses' exercise gallops attracted large crowds of fans attempting to assess their relative condition. On the day of the race the crowd was divided into partisan camps, cheering for either "Volti" or "The Flyer". The Flying Dutchman was successfully restrained in the early stages as Voltigeur made the running. In the final furlong the Flying Dutchman moved up level with his rival and then pulled ahead to win by a length.^[11] He was then retired to stud.

Stud record

During his first few years at stud, The Flying Dutchman stood at Rawcliffe Paddocks, for a fee of 30 guineas. He was later sold in 1858,^[12] for a sum of 150,000 francs, to Napoleon III's National Stud and stood there until his death in 1870. In England, The Flying Dutchman produced very little of merit, despite covering a great number of mares for that time (50 mares in his first season). He was one of the top sires from 1855 to 1862, making it up to second place in 1860 and 1861 mainly due to his filly, Flying Duchess. During this time he also sired Derby winner Ellington, some good broodmares, and good jumping horses. In France, he sired Dollar, and many other top race horses, making his time there much more successful than his breeding career in England. Additionally, his blood was sent to Australia and New Zealand through granddaughter Mermaid.

Notable progeny

The Flying Dutchman bloodline carries through his two daughters the Flying Dutchess and the Dutchmans Daughter to Galopin and Man o War and to many excellent horses of more current periods of racing including Secretariat, Ruffian, Affirmed, Barbaro and Forego.

In fact every Triple Crown Winner can trace back to the Flying Dutchman in their pedigree.

Assessment

In May 1886 The Sporting Times carried out a poll of one hundred experts to create a ranking of the best British racehorses of the 19th century. The Flying Dutchman was ranked sixth, having been placed in the top ten by forty-nine of the contributors. He was the highest-placed horse to have raced before 1850.^[1]

Pedigree

See also

References

1. ^¹²³{{cite book | last1 = Morris | first1 = Tony |last2=Randall|first2=John| title = Horse Racing: Records, Facts, Champions(Third Edition)| publisher=Guinness Publishing | year = 1990| isbn = 0-85112-902-1}}
2. ^Ahnert, Rainer L. (editor in chief), "Thoroughbred Breeding of the World", Pozdun Publishing, Germany, 1970
3. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=NENZC18500202.2.4&srpos=1&e=01-01-1848-31-12-1851--10--1----2the+flying+dutchman-- |title=Papers Past – Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle – 2 February 1850 – SPORTING. DONCASTER ST. LEGER |publisher=Paperspast.natlib.govt.nz |accessdate=3 January 2012}}
4. ^https://archive.org/stream/chaptersfromturf00newm/chaptersfromturf00newm_djvu.txt
5. ^http://www.tbheritage.com/Portraits/BayMiddleton.html
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=NZSCSG18490711.2.10&srpos=9&e=01-01-1848-31-12-1851--10--1----2the+flying+dutchman-- |title=Papers Past – New Zealand Spectator and Cook's Strait Guardian – 11 July 1849 – MISCELLANEOUS |publisher=Paperspast.natlib.govt.nz |accessdate=3 January 2012}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/blueribbonofturf00bert/blueribbonofturf00bert_djvu.txt |title=Full text of "The blue ribbon of the turf : a chronicle of the race for the Derby ..." |publisher=Archive.org |accessdate=3 January 2012}}
8. ^¹²{{cite book | last1 = Mortimer | first1 = Roger |last2=Onslow|first2=Richard|last3=Willett|first3=Peter| title = Biographical Encyclopedia of British Flat Racing| publisher=Macdonald and Jane's | year = 1978| isbn = 0-354-08536-0}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=NENZC18491110.2.3&srpos=8&e=01-01-1848-31-12-1851--10--1----2the+flying+dutchman-- |title=Papers Past – Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle – 10 November 1849 – STATE OF AFFAIRS IN FRANCE |publisher=Paperspast.natlib.govt.nz |accessdate=3 January 2012}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=NENZC18510301.2.8&srpos=3&e=01-01-1848-31-12-1851--10--1----2the+flying+dutchman-- |title=Papers Past – Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle – 1 March 1851 – DONCASTER RACES |publisher=Paperspast.natlib.govt.nz |accessdate=3 January 2012}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=NENZC18511101.2.9&srpos=4&e=01-01-1848-31-12-1851--10--1----2the+flying+dutchman-- |title=Papers Past – Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle – 1 November 1851 – SPORTING |publisher=Paperspast.natlib.govt.nz |accessdate=3 January 2012}}
12. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QMFDJfYT2UEC&pg=PA133 |title=Encyclopedia of British horseracing – Wray Vamplew, Joyce Kay – Google Books |publisher=Books.google.co.uk |date= |accessdate=3 January 2012}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast?a=d&cl=search&d=TH18580918.2.19&srpos=6&e=01-01-1858-31-12-1860--10--1----2the+flying+dutchman-- |title=Papers Past – Taranaki Herald – 18 September 1858 – ENGLISH EXTRACTS |publisher=Paperspast.natlib.govt.nz |accessdate=3 January 2012}}
14. ^{{cite web|author=Patricia Erigero Thoroughbred Heritage |url=http://www.tbheritage.com/Portraits/FlyingDutchman.html |title=The Flying Dutchman |publisher=Tbheritage.com |accessdate=3 January 2012}}
15. ^Morris, Simon; Tesio Power 2000 – Stallions of the World, Syntax Software