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词条 Fiat 600
释义

  1. Development

  2. Characteristics

  3. Foreign production

     SEAT 600/800  Fiat 600/770 Neckar Jagst  Zastava 750/850  South American production 

  4. {{anchor|Multipla}}Fiat 600 Multipla

     Coachbuilt models 

  5. {{anchor|600T}} Fiat 600T

  6. Non-Fiat derivatives

     {{anchor|Jolly}}Ghia Jolly  Abarth versions 

  7. Production figures

  8. Additional specifications

  9. Notes

  10. References

     Notes  Bibliography 

  11. External links

{{About|the car manufactured from 1955 to 1969|the car manufactured from 1998 to 2010|Fiat Seicento}}{{Infobox automobile
| name = Fiat 600
| image = Fiat600.jpg
| manufacturer = Fiat
| aka = Fiat 770[1]
NSU-Fiat Jagst 600/770
Neckar Jagst 600/770
| production = 1955–1969
| assembly = Italy: Turin
Argentina: Caseros
Australia[2]
Chile: Rancagua
Colombia: Bogotá {{lower|0.2em|{{#tag:ref|Built as the Zastava 750.|name=Zastava 750 Yugoslavia, Colombia|group=N}}}}
Malaysia: Johor Bahru (KPKK)[3]
Spain: Barcelona (Zona Franca)
Uruguay [4]
Yugoslavia: Kragujevac {{lower|0.2em|{{#tag:ref|Built as the Zastava 750.|name=Zastava 750 Yugoslavia, Colombia|group=N}}}}
West Germany: Heilbronn (NSU Automobil AG)
| designer = Dante Giacosa
| class = City car (A)
| body_style = 2-door saloon
| layout = Rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive
| platform =
| related = SEAT 600
Zastava 750
| engine = {{unbulleted list|633 cc Tipo 100 OHV I4|767 cc Tipo 100 OHV I4|843 cc Tipo 100 R7.038 OHV I4 (600S)[5]}}
| transmission = 4-speed manual
| wheelbase =
| length = {{convert|3215|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|1380|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|1405|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| weight = {{convert|585|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}
| predecessor = Fiat 500 "Topolino"
| successor = Fiat 850
| sp = uk
}}

The Fiat 600 ({{lang-it|Seicento}}, {{IPA-it|ˌsɛiˈtʃɛnto|pron}}) is a rear-engine, water-cooled city car, manufactured and marketed by Fiat from 1955 to 1969 — offered in two-door sedan and four-door mini MPV body styles.

Measuring only {{convert|3.22|m|ftin|abbr=on}} long, it was the first rear-engined Fiat and cost the equivalent of about €6,700 or US$7300 in today's money (590,000 lire then).[6] The total number produced from 1955 to 1969 at the Mirafiori plant in Turin was 2,695,197.[6]

During the 1960s, '70s and '80s, many units were sold in countries such as Spain (as SEAT 600), where it became the icon of the Spanish miracle, Argentina, where it was nicknamed Fitito (a diminutive of FIAT) and former Yugoslavia where it was nicknamed Fića (pronounced [fee-cha]).

Development

Codenamed Progetto 100 ("Project 100"), the Fiat 600 mirrored the layout of the Volkswagen Beetle and Renault 4CV of its era. Aimed at being an economical but capable vehicle, its design parameters stipulated a weight of around 450 kg with the ability to carry 4 people and luggage with a cruising speed of no less than 85 km/h. A total of 5 prototypes were built between 1952 and 1954, which all differed from each other. Chassis number 000001 with engine number 000002 is believed to be the sole remaining example, according to a recent report by Quattroruote's "Ruoteclassiche" vintage division. It was powered by an innovative single-cam V2-cylinder engine designed to simplify maintenance and did not feature a clutch pedal. At the official launch in 1955, FIAT engineer, Dante Giacosa declared that the aim had been to create something new, both in the interest of progress and simplification. This prototype, however, did not become the chosen design.[7]

Characteristics

The car had hydraulic drum brakes on all four wheels. Suspension was a single double-mounted leafspring—which acts as a stabilizer—between the front wheels coupled to gas-charged shock absorbers, and an independent coil-over-shock absorber setup coupled to semi-trailing arms at the rear. All 600 models had 3-synchro (no synchro on 1st) 4-speed transaxles. Unlike the Volkswagen Beetle or Fiat 500, the Fiat 600 is water-cooled with an ample cabin heater and, while cooling is generally adequate, for high-power modified versions a front-mounted radiator or oil cooler is needed to complement the rear-mounted radiator. All models of the 600 had generators with mechanical external regulators.

The top speed ranged from {{convert|95|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} empty with the 633 cc inline-four engine to {{convert|110|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} with the 767 cc version. The car had good ventilation and defrosting systems.

A year after its debut, in 1956, a soft-top version was introduced, as well as a six-seater variant—the Fiat 600 Multipla. It was a precursor of current multi-purpose vehicles.

The millionth 600 was produced in February 1961, less than six years after the car's launch.[8] At the time when the millionth car was produced, the manufacturer reported it was producing the car at the then remarkable rate of 1,000 a day.[8] As of mid 2017 there were 78 registered as taxed for road use in the UK and 44 registered as SORN (Statutory Off Road Notification).[9]

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Foreign production

SEAT 600/800

In Spain, the 600 model was made under the make of SEAT, from 1957 to 1973. Up to 797,319 SEAT 600 were made. The Spanish car maker exported them to a number of countries worldwide. This car motorised Spain after the Spanish Civil War.

SEAT produced various derivatives of the original 600 model some of them with improvements and special fittings like the use of "suicide doors": the SEAT 600 D/E/L Especial version, the 'Descapotable' cabriolet and the 'Formicheta' commercial version etc.

The most interesting version produced between 1964 and 1967 by SEAT is the SEAT 800, the sole four-door derivative of the 600 model which received a longer wheelbase. It was developed in-house by SEAT and produced exclusively by the Spanish car maker without any equivalent model in Fiat's range.

Fiat 600/770 Neckar Jagst

The Fiat 600 was also manufactured at Fiat Neckar in Germany between 1956 and 1967. Presented in a first time as Jagst 600, in 1960 with the release of Fiat 600D it became Jagst 770. The model was manufactured until the end of 1967, more than 172,000 copies.

Zastava 750/850

{{main|Zastava 750}}

In former Yugoslavia the model was much sought after, and was produced under the name Zastava 750 (later 850), nicknamed "Fića" or "Fićo" in Serbo-Croatian, "Fičo" or "Fičko" in Slovene, and "Фиќо/Фичо" (Fikjo/Ficho) in Macedonian. It was produced by the Zastava factory in Kragujevac, Serbia, from the early 1960s until 1985, during which time it played a major role in motorisation of the country, due to its affordability.

South American production

The 600 was built as the Fiat 600 R by Sevel in Argentina from 1960 to 1982, with assembly operations also taking place (beginning somewhat later) in Uruguay by Ayax S.A., and in Chile.[10] At first, Someca S.A. built the 600 with rear-hinged doors and the 633 cc engine (28 hp), mainly from parts shipped in from Italy. As a new plant was constructed in the Ferreyra, a suburb of Córdoba, the local parts content steadily increased. In 1962 the 600D was introduced, with a 32 hp (SAE) 767 cc engine. In August 1964, around the same time that the local firm changed its name to Fiat Concord S.A., the second 600D was introduced, with slight changes to its appearance. The suicide doors continued to be used until the April 1965 appearance of the 600E, which also gained some extra power. Early in 1967 the 600E received a slight facelift with bigger headlights, new rims, and a new "grille" in front.[11]

In November 1970 the 600R appeared. The external differences were limited to trim, but the interior saw more thorough changes, with a new steering wheel, inner ceiling, and seat coverings. The hubcaps were replaced with tiny rubber caps. The 767 cc 36 hp (SAE) 600 R (thanks to higher compression than the E) was in turn replaced by the 32 hp (DIN) 843 cc (65.0 x 63.5 mm) 600 S in July 1977,[11] a version featuring new bumpers with rubber overriders and a black plastic faux-grille to replace the previous chrome iteration. This version was equipped with an 850 cc engine that could use 88 octane fuel. That engine was adapted in Córdoba from the 933cc engine (93 octanes fuel) which equipped the Fiat 133, originated in Spain which coexisted with 600S until 1982. Top speed was up to 120 km/h in 600S. The 600 was finally replaced by the Fiat 147 in April 1982, which at beginning also used the 933cc engine., after having undergone one last tiny facelift in 1981 (black head and taillight surrounds, a black "shield" up front).[11]

In Colombia, it was assembled in the Mazda motor plant of Colombia, Compañía Colombiana Automotriz from 1979 to 1982 with 60% Colombian parts and 40% Serbian parts (from the Zastava 750). Marketed as the Fiat 750Z, colloquially it was called the "topolino".

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{{anchor|Multipla}}Fiat 600 Multipla

{{Infobox automobile
| name = Fiat 600 Multipla
| image = 1959 Fiat 600 Multipla tipo 100.108.jpg
| caption =
| manufacturer = Fiat
| aka =
| designer =
| production = 1956–1969
129,994[12] units
| class = MPV
| layout = Rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive
| body_style = 4-door MPV
| engine = {{unbulleted list |633 cc Fiat tipo 100 I4 |767 cc Fiat tipo 100 I4}}
| transmission = 4-speed manual
| wheelbase = {{convert|2000|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}[13]
| length = {{convert|3531|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}[13]
| width = {{convert|1448|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}[13]
| height = {{convert|1581|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}[13]
| weight = {{convert|700|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}}[13]
| sp = uk
}}

The Fiat 600 Multipla was a four-door MPV based on the Fiat 600's drivetrain and Fiat 1100 front suspensions, that sat up to six people in a footprint just {{convert|50|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} longer than the original Mini Cooper and on the same {{convert|2|m|in|1|abbr=on}} wheelbase as the 600 saloon. This had been achieved by moving the driver's compartment forward over the front axle, effectively eliminating the boot but giving the body a very minivan-like "one-box", flat-front look.

The car debuted at the Brussels Motor Show in January 1956,[14] and was eventually replaced by the Fiat 850 Familiare.

The Multipla name was re-introduced in the late 1990s, for the Fiat Multipla compact minivan.

The 600 Multipla was available in three interior configurations:

  • 4/5-seater version. Two rows of seats: fixed front bench seat for driver and passenger, fold-down rear bench for two or three passengers, cargo space between the rear seats and the firewall. The rear seats folded flat with the floor. Original price on the Italian market: 730,000 Lire.{{sfn|Fiat—Tutti i modelli del Novecento I|p=304–305}}
  • 6-seater version. Three rows of seats: fixed front bench seat for driver and passenger, plus four single rear seats in two rows. The rear seats could be individually folded flat to the floor, allowing for a reconfigurable cargo area with an even loading surface. With all six seats up storage space was reduced to the rear parcel shelf. Original price on the Italian market: 743,000 Lire.{{sfn|Fiat—Tutti i modelli del Novecento I|p=304–305}}
  • Taxi version, introduced at the April 1956 Turin Motor Show.[15] It featured an individual driver seat, passenger seat which could be folded down becoming a luggage shelf, two foldaway jump seats in the middle, and a bench seat at the rear against the firewall. Original price on the Italian market: 835,000 Lire.{{sfn|Fiat—Tutti i modelli del Novecento I|p=304–305}} Until the 1970s, the Multipla was widely used as a taxi in many parts of Italy.

As mentioned, the 600 Multipla used the type 100.000 663 cc overhead valve inline-four cylinder engine from the 600 saloon, producing {{convert|21.5|PS|kW hp|abbr=on|lk=on|adj=pre|DIN-rated}} or {{nowrap|24.5 CUNA-rated PS}}[16] at 4,600 rpm.{{sfn|Fiat—Tutti i modelli del Novecento I|p=300}} A shorter final drive ratio was the only change made to the 4-speed manual transmission, with synchromesh on the top three forward gears. Rear trailing arm suspension also came from the 600, while the front double wishbone suspension—complete with coil springs, coaxial hydraulic dampers and anti-roll bar—as well as steering components were sourced from the bigger 1100/103. The larger-capacity radiator was front-mounted instead than rear-mounted as on the 600, whereas the fuel tank had been moved to the rear above the gearbox, and the spare wheel was housed inside, in front of the passenger seat.[14] The manufacturer advertised a top speed of {{convert|90|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}.{{sfn|Fiat—Tutti i modelli del Novecento I|p=304–305}}

A 633 cc, RHD Multipla, was tested by the British magazine The Motor in 1956 and was found to have a top speed of {{convert|57.1|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} and could accelerate from {{convert|0|–|50|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} in 43.0 seconds. A fuel consumption of {{convert|38.4|mpgimp|L/100 km mpgus}} was recorded. The test car cost £799 including taxes on the UK market.[17]

In September 1960 the 600 Multipla benefited from the same mechanical upgrades introduced on the 600 D saloon, the most significant one being an enlarged 767 cc engine, and became the 600 D Multipla.[18]

As on the saloon, the 106 D.000 four-cylinder had both larger bore and longer stroke, and produced {{convert|25|PS|kW hp|abbr=on|adj=pre|DIN-rated}} or {{nowrap|29 CUNA-rated PS}} 4,800 rpm.{{sfn|Fiat—Tutti i modelli del Novecento I|p=300}}

Coachbuilt models

In 1956, Fissore designed a remarkable open-topped Multipla prototype called the "Marinella" with a wooden-slat wraparound bench in the rear.

{{clear}}

{{anchor|600T}} Fiat 600T

The Fiat 600T is a van derivative of the 600 Multipla.[19] It is powered by a rear-mounted 633 cc 4-cylinder engine.[19]

{{Clear}}

Non-Fiat derivatives

{{unreferenced section|date=July 2017}}

{{anchor|Jolly}}Ghia Jolly

In 1958 Fiat shipped a number of Fiat 600s to the Italian design house Ghia for conversion into the Jolly. Featuring wicker seats and the option of a fringed top to shield its occupants from the Mediterranean sun, these cars were originally made for use on large yachts of the wealthy (Aristotle Onassis owned one).

The car was designed as a luxury vehicle for wealthy Europeans and the US market.

With a cost of nearly double that of a standard "600", they were made in a very limited production. It is believed that fewer than 100 exist today, each one being unique. 32 Jolly cars were used as taxis on the island of Catalina off the coast of Los Angeles in the US from 1958 to 1962. Famous Fiat Jolly owners include Aristotle Onassis, Yul Brynner, Grace Kelly, Mary Pickford, Mae West, Gianni Agnelli, Josip Broz Tito and James Inglis. Fiat Jollys are highly sought after by collectors; however, replicas are being made and are being passed off as authentic. A genuine 1960 Fiat Jolly "600" model brought a record price of $170,500 at a collector car auction in Scottsdale, Arizona, in January 2015.

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Abarth versions

{{main|Fiat-Abarth 750}}

Italian tuning company Abarth produced various versions of the Fiat 600 from 1956 to 1970 under a variety of model names, including Abarth 210 A, Fiat-Abarth 750, 850, and 1000. Many suffixes like Granturismo, Berlina, TC, and TCR were also used and many were built with aluminium bodywork by Zagato and other famed Italian carrozzerie.

Production figures

  • Italy - Fiat: 2,695,197[6]
  • Spain - Fiat/Seat: 814,926
  • Germany - Fiat Neckar: ~ 172,000
  • former Yugoslavia - Zastava: 923,487
  • Argentina - Sevel: 304,016
  • Chile - Fiat: ~ 12,000
  • World total: > 4,921,626

Additional specifications

  • Petrol mileage = ~ {{convert|5.7|L/100 km|abbr=on}} for the 633 cc engine[6]
  • Petrol tank = ~ {{Convert|7|usgal|L impgal|0|abbr=on}} capacity for the 1959 model

Notes

1. ^{{cite web |url=http://autos.pytalhost.eu/Fiat770/ |title=Fiat 770 |type=factory brochure |website=autos.pytalhost.eu |accessdate=26 September 2012}}
2. ^{{cite book |first=Tony |last=Davis |title=The Macquarie Dictionary of Motoring |year=1986 |page=152}}
3. ^{{cite web|author= |url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19680504-1.2.108.aspx |title=Assembly of cars: 'No more' decision |publisher=The Straits Times |date=4 May 1968 |accessdate=13 February 2016 }}
4. ^World Cars 1980, page 405
5. ^{{citation|title=Fiat 600S: Uso e manutencion |trans-title=Fiat 600S: Use and maintenance |language=Spanish |location=Buenos Aires, Argentina |date=November 1978 |publisher=Fiat Concord S.A. |url=http://f600club-download.com.ar/Archivos/Manual%20del%20Fiat%20600%20S.pdf |id=401.598-8000 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206111758/http://f600club-download.com.ar/Archivos/Manual%20del%20Fiat%20600%20S.pdf |archivedate=February 6, 2009 }}
6. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |title=Fiat mod. 600 |url=http://www.museoauto.it/website/component/content/article/34-fiat/100-fiat-mod-600 |website=museoauto.it |publisher=Museo dell'Automobile di Torino |accessdate=27 November 2012}}
7. ^https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pFAjRy3L_ek
8. ^1 {{cite journal | authorlink = |title =News summary: ... and another million| journal =Practical Motorist| volume = 7 nbr 79| page =713|date=March 1961}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://howmanyleft.co.uk/vehicle/fiat_600_d|title=FIAT 600 D - How Many Left?|author=Olly Smith|work=howmanyleft.co.uk|accessdate=23 March 2018}}
10. ^{{cite book |title=World Cars 1982 |editor-last=Lösch |editor-first=Annamaria |publisher=L'Editrice dell'Automobile LEA/Herald Books |location=Pelham, NY |page=403 |year=1982 |isbn=0-910714-14-2 |ref=WC82}}
11. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.fiat600club.com.ar/historia.htm |title=Historia |publisher=Fiat 600 Club Argentina |website=fiat600club.com.ar |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090826021210/http://www.fiat600club.com.ar/historia.htm |archivedate=August 26, 2009 }}
12. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.microcarmuseum.com/tour/fiat-multipla-green.html |title=1960 Fiat 600 Multipla |publisher=The Bruce Weiner Microcar Museum |first=Bruce |last=Weiner |access-date=15 October 2016}}
13. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |url=http://www.carfolio.com/specifications/models/car/?car=34650 |title=1955 Fiat 600 Multipla |website=carfolio.com |accessdate=28 June 2009}}
14. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://www.archiviolastampa.it/component/option,com_lastampa/task,search/mod,libera/action,viewer/Itemid,3/page,5/articleid,0058_01_1956_0012_0005_13919232/ |title=La "600" a sei posti presentata al Salone automobilistico di Bruxelles |trans-title=The six-seater 600 debuts at the Brussels motor show |newspaper=La Stampa |date=14 January 1956 |page=5 |language=it |accessdate=18 March 2017}}
15. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.archiviolastampa.it/component/option,com_lastampa/task,search/mod,libera/action,viewer/Itemid,3/page,10/articleid,0059_01_1956_0096_0010_14451102/ |title=La Fiat al Salone |trans-title=Fiat at the Motor Show |newspaper=La Stampa |date=21 April 1956 |page=10 |language=it |accessdate=18 March 2017}}
16. ^{{cite book |title=Fiat 600—Uso e manutenzione |publisher=Fiat S.p.A.—Dipartimento norme e pubblicazioni |edition=20th |date=May 1960 |type=owner's manual}}
17. ^{{cite magazine |title=The Fiat 600 Multipla 4/5 seater |magazine=The Motor |date=12 November 1956}}
18. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.archiviolastampa.it/component/option,com_lastampa/task,search/mod,libera/action,viewer/Itemid,3/page,7/articleid,0076_01_1960_0220_0007_17003372/ |first=Ferruccio |last=Bernabò |title=E' uscita la Fiat 600 maggiorata |trans-title=The larger-engined Fiat 600 is here |newspaper=La Stampa |date=14 September 1960 |page=7 |language=it |accessdate=25 March 2017}}
19. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.dailyturismo.com/2014/03/15k-grown-up-multipla-1969-fiat-600t-van.html |title=15k: Grown Up Multipla: 1969 Fiat 600T Van |website=dailyturismo.com |accessdate=20 March 2015}}

References

Notes

{{reflist}}

Bibliography

  • {{cite book |title=Fiat—Tutti i modelli del Novecento |volume=I |publisher=Editoriale Domus |year=2010 |ref={{sfnref|Fiat—Tutti i modelli del Novecento I}}}}

External links

{{commons category|Fiat 600}}
  • Bernimotori - Abarth
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20131110232541/http://home.roadrunner.com/~piantieri/fiatjoll.htm Registry for Fiat Multipla and Fiat Jolly MicroCar]
  • Fiat-600.com - Fiat 600 information, photos and videos
  • Slovenian Zastava 750 site
  • Fiat-600-custom
  • Dennis Gage: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6vBY3xUPS7M#t=7m58s Microcar Show], MyClassicCarTV, YouTube, 9 August 2013
{{Fiat}}{{Early European Fiat vehicles}}

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