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词条 Fiat Tipo
释义

  1. Variants

     Production elsewhere   Petrol    Diesel  

  2. Derivatives

  3. References

  4. External links

{{For|the Fiat Tipo range sold from 2016|Fiat Tipo (2015)}}{{Infobox automobile
| image = Fiat tipo f.jpg
| name = Fiat Tipo
| aka =
| manufacturer = Fiat
| assembly = Cassino Plant – Piedimonte San Germano (FR), Italy[1]
Pomigliano d'Arco, Italy (1989-1990)[2]
Betim, Brazil
Bursa, Turkey (Tofaş)
| production = 1988–1995
| predecessor = Fiat Ritmo
| successor = Fiat Bravo/Brava
| class = Small family car (C)
| layout = front-engine, front-wheel-drive
| platform = Type Two platform (Tipo Due)[3]
| body_style = 3/5-door hatchback
| engine = {{ubl |1.1 L I4 |1.4 L I4 | 1.6 L I4 |1.7 L I4 |1.8 L I4 |2.0 L I4 |1.7 L diesel I4 |1.9 L diesel I4 | 1.9 L TD I4 }}
| transmission = {{ubl |5-speed manual|CVT (Selecta)|4-speed automatic[1]}}
| wheelbase = {{convert|2540|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| length = {{convert|3958|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|1700|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|1445|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}
| weight = {{convert|1020|-|1230|kg|abbr=on}}
| related = {{ubl |Fiat Tempra|Fiat Coupé|Alfa Romeo 145 and 146|Lancia Delta|Zastava Florida}}
| designer = Ercole Spada (I.DE.A Institute)[4]
}}

The Fiat Tipo (Type 160) is a compact car, designed by the I.DE.A Institute design house, and produced by the Italian manufacturer Fiat between 1988 and 1995.

The Tipo was initially available only as a five door hatchback. The car was made entirely out of galvanized body panels to avoid rust, and was built on a completely new Fiat platform, which was later used on Fiat, Alfa Romeo, and Lancia models.

It also stood out because of its boxy styling that gave it innovative levels of packaging, rear passenger room being greater than that in a rear wheel drive Ford Sierra, but in a car that was of a similar size to the smaller Ford Escort. This type of design was comparable to the smaller Fiat Uno, which was launched five years before the Tipo.

For 1989, the Tipo won the European Car of the Year award and 1989 Semperit Irish Car of the Year in Ireland. The car has been extremely popular in Brazil. It outsold the Volkswagen Gol, which had been the best selling Brazilian car for over twenty years. Only the Tipo, the Fiat Uno Mille, and Fiat Palio have also ever outsold the Gol.

Variants

Unveiled in January 1988, the Tipo went on sale in Europe during June 1988, and on the right hand drive market in the United Kingdom from 16 July 1988,[5] initially base (i.e.), DGT, (early Italian market DGT models were badged as 'digit', presumably in recognition of the digital dash, but this was quickly changed to DGT after a dispute over ownership of the name, leading to confusion about whether the model was diesel powered) S, SX and 16v trim levels were available. "Tipo" is Spanish for "kind", and Italian for "type".

Power from {{convert|58|to|148|PS|kW bhp|0|abbr=on}} came from 1.1, 1.4, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.8 16v, 2.0, and 2.0 16v petrol engines, as well as a 1.7 diesel, 1.9 diesel, and 1.9 turbodiesel.

The 1.1 base engine was widely regarded as underpowered for the car, which was otherwise roomy for five adults and with above average equipment. This version was never sold in the United Kingdom. The top of the range was the 2.0 Sedicivalvole (16 valves).

The Sedicivalvole gained its engine from the Lancia Thema, and with a much smaller and lighter bodyshell to house it, this power unit brought superb performance and handling, and a top speed of around {{convert|130|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}}, which made it faster than the Volkswagen Golf GTI of that era.

The United Kingdom market initially received only the 1.4 and 1.6 versions of the Tipo, with the 1.8 and 2.0 petrol engines and the diesel powered units not being imported until the early 1990s. The smaller Uno had been a huge success there during the 1980s (peaking at more than 40,000 sales in 1988) and it was widely expected by both Fiat and by the motoring press that the Tipo would prove similarly successful, but sales ultimately fell below expectations.

The Tipo was facelifted in 1993, and a three door version was added, as well as minor exterior changes (the two evolutions of the car can be differentiated by their slightly different radiator grilles and headlamps) and improved specifications; safety features like stiffer bodyshells, driver's airbag, and side impact bars were added to the range. This included the new S, SX, and SLX trim levels, as well as a new eight valve 2.0 GT model.

The Tipo ceased production in the summer of 1995, and was replaced by the three door Fiat Bravo and five-door Fiat Brava. The Tempra saloon and estate (station wagon) were replaced by the Marea. The Bravo and Brava were strong sellers throughout Europe, but the Marea was a disappointment in most markets.

It was a reasonably strong seller in the United Kingdom, initially winning plaudits for its innovative and practical design, as well as its good handling. It was originally sold with only 1.4 and 1.6 petrol engines, although the 16 valve 1.8 and 2.0 engines with fuel injection became available there in the early 1990s.

The digital dashboard of higher end models proved to be controversial and unreliable.

The car launched into a favourable market in the United Kingdom, where none of the "big three" carmakers (Ford, Vauxhall, and Austin Rover) had launched an all new car of this size for at least four years. However, these three marques all had new Tipo sized products within three years, and increased competition reduced the Tipo's sales.

Its fortunes outside Italy also suffered in the early 1990s, as it was launched around the same time as France's Renault 19, and was soon followed by host of other new rivals, including the Citroën ZX.

The final two years (1994 and 1995) saw a significant increase in sales, but these were mostly of the low priced 1.4 litre models.

Production elsewhere

In Brazil, it only started to be produced in 1995, in a single trim level. It had a 1.6 litre, eight valve engine with multipoint fuel injection, which offered a {{convert|10|PS|kW|1|abbr=on}} increase compared to the old 1.6 litre i.e., producing {{convert|92|PS|kW|0|abbr=on}}.

Previously, the Tipo had been imported from Italy and was available with three different trims that were closely associated with its engines: the basic 1.6 i.e., the luxurious 2.0 litre (eight valve), and the sporty two litre, sixteen valve Sedicivalvole. Seventeen 1.7 litre models were also brought in; they are all in Estoril Blue color and received complete equipment.

It was also built in Turkey, by Tofaş. The Turkish built cars generally did not feature catalytic converters and some thus have marginally more power than the models listed in the table beneath.[6] The Turkish cars also have a small "Tofaş" logo on the left side of the bootlid, and production there continued at least until 2000.

{{clear_left}}

Petrol

ModelEngineCatDisplPowerTorque
1.1 FIRE160A3.000—1,108 cc56|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} at 5,500 rpm89|Nm|lbftabbr=on} at 2,900 rpm
1.4 i.e., S160A1.0461,372 cc70|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} at 6,000 rpm106|Nm|lbftabbr=on} at 3,000 rpm
159A2.000 —78|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} at 6,000 rpm108|Nm|lbftabbr=on} at 2,900 rpm
1.4, DGT[7] 160A1.000 —1,372 cc71|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} at 6,000 rpm105|Nm|lbftabbr=on} at 3,750 rpm
160A1.04872|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} at 6,000 rpm105|Nm|lbftabbr=on} at 3,750 rpm
1.6 i.e.[7] 159A3.0461,581 cc80|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} at 6,000 rpm128|Nm|lbftabbr=on} at 3,000 rpm
159A3.04876|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} at 6,000 rpm (ECE)124|Nm|lbftabbr=on} at 3,000 rpm
1.6 DGT[7]160A2.000—1,581 cc86|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} at 5,800 rpm132|Nm|lbftabbr=on} at 2,900 rpm
82|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} at 6,000 rpm (ECE)130|Nm|lbftabbr=on} at 2,900 rpm
1.6 i.e.149.C2.0461,585 cc90|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} at 6,250 rpm122|Nm|lb·ft|abbr=on}} at 4,250 rpm
1.7 i.e. or 1.6 S i.e.
1994-1996: Export model
Germany, Greece, Brazil (17 sold), Turkey		1,676 cc90|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} at 5,900 rpm130|Nm|lbftabbr=on} at 3,000 rpm
1.8 i.e.159A4.000—1,756 cc110|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} at 6,000 rpm142|Nm|lbftabbr=on} at 2,500 rpm
1.8 i.e. 16V Sedicivalvole160A5.000—1,756 cc138|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} at 6,250 rpm167|Nm|lbftabbr=on} at 4,600 rpm[8]
2.0 i.e. 159A6.0461,995 cc115|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} at 5,750 rpm159|Nm|lbftabbr=on} at 3,300 rpm[8]
159A5.046109|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} at ? rpm ? at ? rpm
2.0 i.e. 16V Sedicivalvole 160A8.046 1,995 cc148|PS|kW hpabbr=on} at 6,250 rpm173|Nm|lbftabbr=on} at 5,000 rpm[8]
2.0 i.e. 16V Sport 836A3.0001,995 cc142|PS|kW hpabbr=on} at 6,000 rpm180|Nm|lbft|0|abbr=on}} at 4,500 rpm (CEE)

Diesel

ModelEngineDisplacementPowerTorque
1.7 D, DS149B4.0001,697 cc58|PS|kW hpabbr=on} at 4,600 rpm 100|Nm|lbftabbr=on} at 2,900 rpm[8]
1.9 DS DGT160A7.0001,929 cc65|PS|kW hpabbr=on} at 4,600 rpm119|Nm|lbftabbr=on} at 2,000 rpm
1.9 T.ds, DSX850A6.0001,929 cc92|PS|kW hpabbr=on} at 4,100 rpm190|Nm|lbftabbr=on} at 2,400 rpm

Derivatives

The Tipo platform spawned nine more cars. The first of these was the Yugo Sana/Zastava Florida in November 1988 followed by the Lancia Dedra sedan in 1989 and the Fiat Tempra in 1990. The large family car Alfa Romeo 155, the coupé Fiat Coupé and the Lancia Delta Nuova were all introduced in 1993 and were also built on the Tipo platform, as were the Alfa Romeo 145 and 146 and the Alfa Romeo Spider and GTV (with a different rear suspension and other chassis refinements) from 1994 to 1995.

References

1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.carsfromitaly.net/fiat/index.html|title=Fiat/Models/Fiat Tipo|accessdate=2007-07-03|work=carsfromitaly.net}}
2. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.metropolisweb.it/Notizie/Cronaca/fiat_pomigliano_riapre_fabbrica_ottobre_addio_alfa.aspx|title=Fiat di Pomigliano: riapre la fabbrica, ma a ottobre addio all'Alfa|accessdate=2011-09-04|work=metropolisweb.it|language=Italian}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://fiat-tipo-portugal.com/curiosidades.htm|title=Curiosidades Tipo|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305183446/http://fiat-tipo-portugal.com/curiosidades.htm|archivedate=5 March 2012|publisher=Fiat Tipo Portugal|accessdate=30 December 2013}}
4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.zagato-cars.com/contents/en-us/d562_Ercole_Spada.html | title = Ercole Spada | accessdate = 2012-05-24|first = Chris | last = Koopmann | work = zagato-cars.com}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.compucars.co.uk/car-reviews/fiat/review/?tipo |title=Fiat Tipo Review Covering 1988 - 1995 |location=GB |publisher=CompuCars |date= |accessdate=2011-08-07}}
6. ^{{ cite journal | title = Türk pazarındaki otomobillerin teknik verileri | trans-title = Technical data for Turkish market automobiles | journal = Auto Capital |date=December 1996 | page = 114 | number = 1 | editor-first = Hakan | editor-last = Özenen | publisher = Hürgüç Gazetecilik A.Ş. | location = Istanbul, Turkey | language = Turkish }}
7. ^1 2 {{cite book | title = Automobil Revue 1991 | editor = Büschi, Hans U. | publisher = Hallwag AG | location = Berne, Switzerland | language = German, French | page = 263 | volume = 86 |date=March 1991 | isbn = 3-444-00514-8 }}
8. ^1 2 3 Automobil Revue 1991, pp. 264–267

External links

  • {{Commons category-inline|Fiat Tipo}}
  • History of the Fiat Tipo
  • [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YbVJ6CXIvgA Fiat Tipo (2016) walkaround (YouTube)]
{{Fiat}}{{Modern European Fiat vehicles}}

8 : Fiat vehicles|Compact cars|Front-wheel-drive vehicles|1990s cars|Cars introduced in 1988|Vehicles with CVT transmission|Cars of Turkey|Cars of Brazil
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