词条 | Theodore Solomons |
释义 |
Katherine Gray Church Yvonne Robinson | partner = | children =Eleanor Susan B. Anthony "Toni" Solomons David Seixas Solomons Leon Henry Solomons| parents =Gershom Mendes Seixas Solomons Hannah Marks| relatives = | signature = | website = | footnotes = }}Theodore Seixas Solomons (1870–1947) was an explorer and early member of the Sierra Club. From 1892 to 1897 he explored and named the Mount Goddard, Evolution Valley and Evolution Basin region in what is now northern Kings Canyon National Park in eastern California. He was instrumental in envisioning, exploring, and establishing the route of what became the John Muir Trail from Yosemite Valley along the crest of the Sierra Nevada to Mount Whitney BiographyEarly life and ancestorsHe was born in San Francisco, California on July 20, 1870, the second son and the fifth of seven children[1] of Hannah Marks,[2] an influential San Francisco educator and civic worker and Gershom Mendes Seixas Solomons.[3] He had relocated to San Francisco from New York City during the Gold Rush, and founded Congregation Emanu-El in 1854. He was also the first president of any West Coast lodge of B'nai B'rith. His great-grandfather was Gershom Mendes Seixas (1745–1816), the "Patriot Rabbi", the first native-born Rabbi in the United States.[4][5] Solomons later recalled that the idea that resulted in the John Muir Trail originated in his adolescence. "The idea of a crest-parallel trail came to me one day while herding my uncle's cattle in an immense unfenced alfalfa field near Fresno. It was 1884 and I was 14." [6] Marriage and familySolomons married three times. He married as his first wife, on March 29, 1901, at Dawson Creek, British Columbia, Canada, Rozella M. Gould of Dawson Creek.[7] They were later divorced. There were no children from this marriage. He married on January 8, 1909, in New York City, as his second wife, Katherine Gray Church, born on May 6, 1881 in New York City the only daughter of Henry Seymour Church and Margaretta Josephine Gray. She died on February 7, 1971 in Cherryland, Alameda County, California.[8][9][10] Her mother, a published writer and singer, was born into a family with deep New England roots that trace back to the Rev. Mr. Blackleach Burritt,[11][12] and Governor Thomas Welles.[11][13] After his second wife was committed to a mental institution, he married Yvonne Robinson who died in 1965. They had no children. Theodore and Katherine were the parents of three children: Eleanor Susan Brownell Anthony "Toni" Solomons (1911–2006),[14] David Seixas Solomons (1913–1961), and Leon Henry Solomons (1915–1988). Eleanor was married to Israeli biologist Benjamin Elazari Volcani. They lived at a house he named the Flying Spur,[15] which he built on {{convert|20|acre|m2}} of land that juts out over the Merced River Canyon. It is located at {{convert|4600|ft|m}} in the Stanislaus National Forest adjacent to Yosemite National Park. ExplorationsIn his explorations, Solomons correctly determined the courses of the upper branches of the San Joaquin River. In 1892, accompanied by Joseph Nisbet LeConte and Sidney I. Peixotto, he crossed from Mount Lyell by way of Rush Creek to the base of Mount Ritter and ascended the peak. In 1895, Solomons took his most notable trip, accompanied by Ernest C. Bonner. Ascending the South Fork of the San Joaquin they came to the group of mountains now designated the Evolution Group, named by Solomons. The highest of these he called Mount Darwin (after the evolutionist Charles Darwin), and the others he named Haeckel, Wallace, Fiske, Spencer, and Huxley, after famous evolutionists of the day. Continuing their explorations, Solomons and Bonner ascended Mount Goddard, then made their way down to Simpson Meadow via North Goddard Creek, and were the first to make this section known.[16] Solomons’ excursions in the next two years added details to the knowledge of Sierra topography, but his principal contribution was an accurate map which he drafted and presented to the Sierra Club in 1896.[17] Death and memorialsHe died in Los Angeles, California on May 27, 1947.[18] Mount Solomons (13016') is named after him as well as the long-distance trail the Theodore Solomons Trail. Notes1. ^Selina (b. 1862) became a writer and advocate for woman suffrage; Lucius Levy (b. 1863) became a lawyer and public speaker; Gertrude Marks (b. 1866) died at a young age; Adele Rosa (b. 1868) became a doctor; Leon Mendes (b. 1873) became a scholar; Frank Benjamin (b. 1875) died as an infant. 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/solomons-hannah-marks|title=Hannah Marks Solomon|work=American Jewish Women Encyclopedia|accessdate=2009-03-20}} 3. ^His cousin was the poet Emma Lazarus (1849–1887), known for her verses inscribed on the Statue of Liberty. He was also related to Benjamin N. Cardozo, Associate Justice of the US Supreme Court. 4. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=18OdlLqqdykC&pg=PT48&lpg=PT48&dq=%22the+patriot+rabbi%22|title=America: The Jewish Experience|first=Sondra|last=Leiman|author2=Jonathan D. Sarna |publisher=Union for Reform Judaism|year=1994|isbn=978-0-8074-0500-0}} 5. ^He was one of the fourteen recognized ministers in New York in 1789, participating in George Washington's first inauguration. He was also one of the incorporators of Columbia University and served as a member of the Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York. 6. ^{{cite book|last=Winnett|first=Thomas|author2=Morey, Kathy |title=Guide to the John Muir Trail|publisher=Wilderness Press|location=Berkeley, CA|year=2001|edition=Third|pages=front paper|isbn=0-89997-221-7}} 7. ^{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | title = Theodore Seixas Solomons' Free Miner's Certificate | work = | publisher = Karstens Library | year = 2009 | url = http://www.karstenslibrary.org/Solomons.htm | doi = | accessdate = 2010-05-08 }} 8. ^Raymond, Marcius D., p. 64 9. ^Jordan, 372 10. ^Katherine's stepfather was Albert J. Bothwell, a wealthy cattle baron and founder of the Wyoming Stock Growers Association and considered, by some, to be the main instigator of the infamous Wyoming Johnson County War. 11. ^1 Dexter, pp. 103-105 12. ^Raymond, Marcius D., pp. 32 13. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=wpNYAAAAMAAJ |title=The Descendants of Governor Thomas Welles of Connecticut, 1590-1658, and His Wife, Alice Tomes|first=Donna H|last=Siemiatkoski|publisher=Gateway Press|year=1990}} 14. ^An unusually gifted student, Toni scored so high on intelligence tests that she was selected for a lifelong research project known as the Terman Genetic Studies of Genius. The study was started by Lewis Terman at Stanford University. After marrying and divorcing Benjamin O. Jackson, she began a relationship with Ed Ricketts in 1940 and became his common-law wife. Toni, who had attended the University of California, Los Angeles, later worked as a personal assistant for Pulitzer Prize–winning writer John Steinbeck and was the editor of The Log from the Sea of Cortez. Beside Steinbeck, their circle of friends also included the writer and painter, Henry Miller and the mythologist, writer, and lecturer Joseph Campbell. She left Ricketts after the death of her daughter (by her first husband) Katherine Adele Jackson. She died on October 5, 1947 at the age of 12 of a brain tumor and only five months after the death of her father. She later married Benjamin Elazari Volcani. 15. ^{{cite web| last =| first =| authorlink =| title =About the Spur| work =| publisher =The Flying Spur| year =2009| url =http://www.thespur.org/about.html| doi =| accessdate =2010-05-08}}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 16. ^{{cite book|first=Shirley|last=Sargent|title=Solomons of the Sierra: the Pioneer of the John Muir Trail|year=1989|location=Yosemite|publisher=Flying Spur Press}} 17. ^{{cite journal|journal=Sierra Club Bulletin|volume=I|pages=287–288|year=1896|issue=7}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://vitals.rootsweb.ancestry.com/ca/death/search.cgi|title=California Death Records|publisher=The California Department of Health Services Office of Health Information and Research vital Statistics Section|access-date=2010-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101054826/http://vitals.rootsweb.ancestry.com/ca/death/search.cgi|archive-date=2012-01-01|dead-url=yes|df=}} ReferencesWorks cited
Further reading
18 : 1870 births|1947 deaths|Sierra Club people|Explorers of California|American explorers|History of the Sierra Nevada (U.S.)|Jewish-American history|Spanish and Portuguese Jews|American Sephardic Jews|Jewish American writers|American conservationists|American essayists|American geologists|American mountain climbers|American naturalists|American nature writers|Writers from San Francisco|Activists from California |
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