| 词条 | Theo Osterkamp |
| 释义 |
|name=Theo Osterkamp |birth_date={{Birth date|1892|4|15|df=y}} |death_date={{death date and age|1975|1|2|1892|4|15|df=y}} |birth_place=Düren, Rhine Province, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire |death_place=Baden-Baden, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany |image=Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R22853, Theodor Osterkamp.png |image_size=250 |caption=Theo Osterkamp |nickname=Onkel (Uncle){{sfn|Van Wyngarden|2004|p=24}} |allegiance={{unbulleted list| {{flag|German Empire}} | {{flag|Weimar Republic}} | {{flag|Nazi Germany}}}} |branch={{navy|German Empire}} {{flagicon image|Regulation WW II Upperwing Balkenkreuz.png}} Luftwaffe |serviceyears=1914–44 |rank=Generalleutnant |commands=JG 51 |unit= |battles={{plainlist| World War I World War II Battle of France Battle of Britain }} |awards={{unbulleted list| House Order of Hohenzollern | Pour le Mérite | Ritterkreuz}} |laterwork= }} Theodor "Theo" Osterkamp (15 April 1892 – 2 January 1975){{sfn|Guttman|2012|p=33, 55}} was a German fighter pilot during World War I and World War II. A flying ace, he achieved 32 victories in World War I.{{sfn|Guttman|2012|p=55}} In World War II, he led Jagdgeschwader 51 through the Battle of Britain and claimed a further 6 victories, in the process becoming one of only a few men to score victories in both world wars. Early life and World War IOsterkamp was born in Aschersleben,{{sfn|Guttman|2012|p=33}} modern day Saxony-Anhalt. When the First World War started he was studying forestry but decided to enlist in the German Army.{{sfn|Guttman|2012|p=33}} He was rejected for service due to his "slight build"{{sfn|Guttman|2012|p=33}} and he instead enlisted in the Marinefliegerkorps in August 1914.{{sfn|Guttman|2012|p=33}} He then flew with the 2. Marine-Fliegerabteilung in Flanders. During 1915–1916, he served as an air observer, and became the first German pilot to fly a land-based aircraft to England on a reconnaissance-mission. Osterkamp claimed his first (but unconfirmed) kill on 6 September 1916 as an observer to pilot Leutnant zur See Wilhelm Mattheus in a LVG C.II two-seater aircraft.{{sfn|Guttman|2012|p=33}} In March 1917, he joined the Kampffliegerschule (Combat pilot school) in Putzig and then joined Marine Feld Jagdstaffel 1 on the 14th of April 1917{{sfn|Guttman|2012|p=33}} On 21 March 1917, Leutnant Osterkamp took command of Marine Feld Jagdstaffel 2 {{sfn|Guttman|2012|p=39}} He scored a total of 32 victories during the war,{{sfn|Guttman|2012|p=55}} and was awarded the Prussian military order Pour le Mérite{{sfn|Guttman|2012|p=55}} on 2 September 1918,{{sfn|Sumner|2005|p=63}} and was one of the last individuals to receive it. Interwar yearsOsterkamp joined the new Luftwaffe on August 1, 1933 with the rank of Hauptmann. {{sfn|Weal|2006|p=7}} He also participated in the second, third and fourth FAI International Tourist Plane Contest Challenge 1930 (11th place), Challenge 1932 (12th place) and Challenge 1934 (5th place). By the time the war broke out in September 1939 he was a Oberstleutnant in command of the Jagdfliegerschule 1 (JF1).{{sfn|Weal|2006|p=7}} World War IIOn 19 September 1939, Oberst Osterkamp was appointed Geschwaderkommodore of Jagdgeschwader 51 (JG 51—51st Fighter Wing).[1]{{sfn|Weal|2006|p=7}} During the Battle of France, he claimed four victories.{{sfn|Guttman|2012|p=33, 55}} During the Kanalkampf period of the Battle of Britain in July 1940, he claimed a further two victories, (a Bristol Blenheim on 1 June and a Spitfire on 13 July 1940) bringing his total to six. He was replaced as commander of JG 51 by Werner Mölders on 23 July with the latter formally taking command on the 27th of July. {{sfn|Weal|2006|p=26}}{{sfn|Weal|2006|p=27}} Promoted to Generalmajor, Osterkamp was awarded his Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 22 August 1940.{{sfn|Weal|2006|p=31}} Following his replacement in JG 51, Osterkamp was appointed Jagdfliegerführer 2, the commander of fighter aircraft in Luftflotte 2.[2] On 1 August 1942, he was transferred to Luftgaustab z.b.V. Afrika. On 5 April 1943, he was appointed Jagdfliegerführer Sizilien and served until replaced on 15 June by Adolf Galland. He then served in a number of staff positions until being appointed Inspekteur der Luftwaffen-Bodenorganisation (Inspector of Luftwaffe ground organisation) in 1944. After criticism from High Command, he was dismissed from the service on 21 December 1944.{{cn|date=December 2018}} Post-war careerIn 1960, he was appointed honorary chairman of the Gemeinschaft der Jagdflieger, the Association of Fighter Pilots.[3] Awards and decorations
See also
Notes1. ^For an explanation of Luftwaffe unit designations see Organisation of the Luftwaffe during World War II. 2. ^See Luftwaffe Organization 3. ^{{Cite web |work=Gemeinschaft der Flieger deutscher Streitkräfte e.V. |title=Namhafte Persönlichkeiten |url=https://fliegergemeinschaft.de/persoenlichkeiten/index.php |language=German |accessdate=7 February 2014}} 4. ^Fellgiebel 2000, p. 330. 5. ^Scherzer 2007, p. 579. References
Citations{{Reflist|25em}}Bibliography{{Refbegin}}
|last=Fellgiebel |first=Walther-Peer |authorlink=Walther-Peer Fellgiebel |year=2000 |origyear=1986 |title=Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile |trans-title=The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches |language=German |location=Friedberg, Germany |publisher=Podzun-Pallas |isbn=978-3-7909-0284-6 }}
|last=Scherzer |first=Veit |year=2007 |title=Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives |trans-title=The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives |language=German |location=Jena, Germany |publisher=Scherzers Militaer-Verlag |isbn=978-3-938845-17-2 }}
|last=Guttman |first=Jon |year=2012 |title=Naval Aces of World War 1 part 2 (Aircraft of the Aces 104) |language=English |publisher=Osprey Publishing |isbn=9781849086646 }}{{Refend}}{{s-start}}{{s-mil}}{{succession box| before=none| after=Major Werner Mölders| title=Commander of Jagdgeschwader 51 Mölders| years=25 November 1939 – 23 July 1940 }}{{succession box| before=unknown| after=unknown| title=Commander of Jagdfliegerführer 1| years=22 July 1940 – 1 January 1941 }}{{succession box| before=Generalmajor Kurt-Bertram von Döring| after=Oberst Joachim-Friedrich Huth| title=Commander of Jagdfliegerführer 2| years=1 December 1940 – 1 August 1941 }}{{succession box| before=General Stefan Fröhlich| after=General Otto Hoffmann von Waldau| title=Acting Commander of Fliegerführer Afrika| years=April 1942 – 12 April 1942 }}{{succession box| before=none| after=Generalleutnant Adolf Galland| title=Commander of Jagdfliegerführer Sizilien| years=5 April 1943 – 15 June 1943 }}{{s-end}}{{Recipients of the Pour le Mérite and Knight's Cross}}{{Authority control}}{{Subject bar | portal1=Aviation | portal2=Biography | portal3=Military of Germany | portal4=World War I | portal5=World War II | commons=y }}{{DEFAULTSORT:Osterkamp, Theo}} 15 : 1892 births|1975 deaths|Luftwaffe pilots|Luftwaffe World War II generals|German World War I flying aces|German World War II flying aces|People from the Rhine Province|Knights of the House Order of Hohenzollern|Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross|Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class)|Imperial German Navy personnel|People from Düren|20th-century Freikorps personnel|Recipients of the clasp to the Iron Cross, 1st class|Lieutenant generals of the Luftwaffe |
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