请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 Theophilus P. Chandler Jr.
释义

  1. Life and career

  2. Personal life

  3. Selected works

     Churches  Houses  Other buildings and structures 

  4. See also

  5. References

  6. External links

{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2014}}{{Infobox person
|name =Theophilus P. Chandler Jr.
|image =
|caption =
|birth_date =Sep 7, 1845
|birth_place =Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
|death_date =August 16, 1928 (age 83)
|nationality =American
|occupation =architect
|spouse =Sophie Madeleine du Pont (1851–1931)
}}

Theophilus Parsons Chandler Jr. (Sep 7, 1845– August 16, 1928) was an American architect of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He spent his career at Philadelphia, and is best remembered for his churches and country houses. He founded the Department of Architecture at the University of Pennsylvania (1890), and served as its first head.

Life and career

Born in Boston on 7 Sep 1845, the son of Theophilus Parsons Chandler and his wife Elizabeth J Schlatter[1], Chandler was educated at Harvard University and in the atelier of Joseph Auguste Émile Vaudremer in Paris. Upon returning from France, he was employed by several offices in his native Boston. Under the aegis of noted landscape architect Robert Morris Copeland, he relocated to Philadelphia in 1872, to work on development of the planned community of Ridley Park, Pennsylvania.

Chandler married Sophie Madeleine du Pont (1851-1931) of the distinguished Delaware industrialist family on March 8, 1873. He designed houses or remodeling projects for several of her relatives, including alterations to the mansion that is now the Winterthur Museum.[2]

Chandler designed several of the original buildings for the Philadelphia Zoo, including the temporary North Gatehouse (1874–75, demolished after 1876), the Monkey House (1874–75, demolished 1898), the Eagle House (1874–75, demolished 1905), and the Bear Pits (1874–75, demolished 1977).[3]

Most noted for his ecclesiastical style, Chandler designed major urban churches, including Philadelphia's Church of the New Jerusalem (Swedenborgian), Tabernacle Presbyterian Church, Bethlehem Presbyterian Church; and Pittsburgh's First Presbyterian Church and Third Presbyterian Church. He also designed exquisitely detailed country churches, especially in the Philadelphia suburbs.

As founder and head of the University of Pennsylvania's Department of Architecture, Chandler essentially shaped the architectural climate in Philadelphia. He served as president of the Philadelphia Chapter of the AIA, and sat on the Board of Trustees of the Spring Garden Institute. He persuaded Warren P. Laird to move to Philadelphia to succeed him at Penn and develop a curriculum based on that of the École des Beaux-Arts. French architect Paul Cret, in turn, succeeded Laird.

Chandler was an early restoration architect, making often sympathetic additions to historic structures. He designed alterations to Independence Hall (1878, unbuilt), and doubled the width of John Haviland's 1838 Pennsylvania Fire Insurance Company (1902). The latter building was demolished in 1974, but its 4-story white-marble Egyptian-Revival façade stands at 508-10 Walnut Street in Philadelphia.

Chandler's papers, at the University of Pennsylvania Archives, include designs for furniture, a bridge, an elevated wire road (similar to a gondola), and his unsuccessful submission in the 1889 design competition for the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine, New York.[4]

Furniture designed by Chandler was exhibited at the Philadelphia Museum of Art in 1976.[5] The first retrospective exhibition of his work, Theophilus P. Chandler Jr.: Portrait of an American Architect, was held at the Athenaeum of Philadelphia in 2010.[6]

Personal life

Chandler and his wife did not have any children. He was extremely active in the general Philadelphia community, holding memberships in the Union League, The Philadelphia Club, the Radnor Hunt Club, the Society of Mayflower Descendants, and the Sons of the American Revolution.[7]

He was an accomplished amateur painter. He rendered a self-portrait in 1909, which is in the collection of the Athenaeum of Philadelphia.[8]

Selected works

Churches

  • Grace Memorial Church, Main Street, Darlington, Maryland (1876–78).[9]
  • Christ Church, Ridley Park, Pennsylvania (1878–80).[10]
  • Church of the New Jerusalem (Swedenborgian), 22nd & Chestnut Streets, Philadelphia (c. 1881).[11] Now an office building.
  • Tabernacle Presbyterian Church, 37th & Chestnut Streets, Philadelphia (1883–86).[12] Now Tabernacle United Church.[13]
  • Bethlehem Presbyterian Church, Broad & Diamond Streets, Philadelphia (1887–89).[14] Now Berean Presbyterian Church.
  • Church of St. Asaph, Conshohocken State & St. Asaph's Roads, Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania (1888–93).[15]
  • Trinity Episcopal Church, 1108 N. Adams Street, Wilmington, Delaware (1890).[16] The Parish House and Rectory were designed by Frank Miles Day.
  • Calvary Presbyterian Church, E. 3rd Street & Madison Avenue, Washington, D.C. (c. 1893).
  • Church of St. Martin, King of Prussia Road, Radnor, Pennsylvania (1894).[17]
  • Third Presbyterian Church, 5701 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh (1897–1903).[18] Funded by the widow of William Thaw, the brownstone building was nicknamed, "Mrs. Thaw's Chocolate Church".[19]
  • First Presbyterian Church, 6th & Wood Streets, Pittsburgh (1903–05).[20]
  • Christ Church Ithan, 536 Conestoga Road, Villanova, Pennsylvania (1919).[21]

Houses

  • "Stonecliffe" (Thomas M. Stewart/Mrs. Charles Taylor mansion), 7 Caryl Lane, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia (1880–81, partially demolished).[22]
  • "Ingeborg" (William Simpson, Jr. mansion), Overbrook, Pennsylvania (1880–84, demolished 1920s).[23]
  • "Fox Hill" (Rudolph Ellis mansion), Bryn Mawr & Ithan Aves., Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania (1881–82, destroyed by fire).[24][25] The gatehouse, cabin and east wing survive.
  • Scott-Wanamaker townhouse, 2032 Walnut St., Philadelphia (1883–86, demolished following a fire, 1981).[26] The façade survives, with modern townhouses built behind it.
  • "Belmont" (Amzi L. Barber mansion), 1312 Clifton Street NW, Washington, D.C. (1883–86, demolished 1915).[27]
  • "Rostrevor" (Samuel B. Brown mansion), Booth Lane, Haverford Station, Pennsylvania (1884–86, demolished).[28]
  • George Burnham townhouse, 3401 Powelton Avenue, Philadelphia (1886).[29]
  • "The Gables" (Ida Dixon mansion), 414 Plush Mill Road, Wallingford, Pennsylvania (1886-1889), now the Wallingford Community Arts Center[30]
  • "Compton" (Lydia & John Thompson Morris mansion), Meadowbrook Avenue, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia (1887–88, demolished 1968).[31] The grounds are now the Morris Arboretum.
  • "Lyndhurst" (William & Mary C. Thaw mansion), 1165 Beechwood Boulevard, Squirrel Hill, Pittsburgh (1887–89?, demolished in 1944[32]). Mrs. Thaw was forced to sell "Lyndhurst" to raise funds for her son Harry's legal defense, after he murdered the architect Stanford White.
  • St. Asaph's Rectory, Conshohocken State & St. Asaph Roads, Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania (1888).[33]
  • "Stirling" (James Hervey Sternbergh mansion), 1120 Centre Avenue, Reading, Pennsylvania (1890–92).[34]
  • "Hillsover" (Lincoln Godfrey mansion), 560 Sproul Road, Radnor, Pennsylvania (1893).[35] Extensively altered by Paul Cret in 1926, and renamed "Launfal," it is presently the Academy of Notre Dame de Namur.
  • "Langoma" (Joseph D. Potts mansion), Wyebrook, Chester County, Pennsylvania (1897–1901).[36] Chandler's largest residential design, the 67-room chateau is now a religious retreat operated by the Daughters of St. Mary of Providence.
  • Bishop Mackay-Smith House, 251 S. 22nd Street, Philadelphia (1903–04).

Other buildings and structures

  • Bear Pits, Philadelphia Zoo (1874–75, demolished 1977).[37]
  • Thomas P. Duncan Mausoleum, Union Dale Cemetery, Pittsburgh (1879).
  • New Castle County Court House, 1000 Market St., Wilmington, Delaware (1879–80, demolished 1915).[38]
  • Spring Garden Insurance Company, 431 Walnut St., Philadelphia (1880–81, demolished 1960).[39]
  • Philadelphia, Baltimore & Washington Railroad Station, Front & French Streets, Wilmington, Delaware (1881, demolished c. 1907). Frank Furness's French Street Station (1908) replaced it on the site.
  • Hayes Mechanics Home for Men, 2210 Belmont Ave., Philadelphia (1886). Now the Hayes Manor Retirement Residence.[40]
  • Commercial Union Assurance Company, 416-20 Walnut Street, Philadelphia (1889, demolished 1963).[41]
  • Gladstone Apartment House, 1101 Pine Street, Philadelphia (1889–90, demolished 1971).[42][43] Now the site of Louis Kahn Park.
  • North Philadelphia Station (Germantown Junction), Pennsylvania Railroad, 2900 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia (1896–1901).[44][45]
  • Alterations to Pennsylvania Fire Insurance Company, 508-10 Walnut Street, Philadelphia (1902, demolished 1974, façade survives).[46]
  • Goshen Road Bridge over Darby Creek, Broomall, Pennsylvania (1905).[47]
{{clear}}

See also

  • Frank Furness

References

Notes
1. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p2A7AAAAMAAJ&dq=theophilus+chandler+du+pont&pg=PA43#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Chandler-Parsons: Edmund Chaundeler, Geoffrey Parsons and allied families|first=Mary Chandler|last=Lowell|date=December 13, 2017|publisher=T. R. Marvin & Son [Printers]|via=Google Books}}
2. ^Chandler Papers, from Winterthur Library
3. ^Roberts, pp. 45-7.
4. ^Theophilus P. Chandler Collection {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604124249/http://www.philadelphiabuildings.org/faids/aaup/Chandler.pdf |date=June 4, 2011 }}, at Architectural Archives, University of Pennsylvania
5. ^Thomas, pp. 415-16.
6. ^Chandler exhibition at Athenaeum of Philadelphia
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.philadelphiabuildings.org/pab/app/ar_display.cfm?ArchitectId=A0209 |title=Philadelphia Buildings, Chandler, Theophilus Parsons, Jr. (1845-1928) (written by Sandra L. Tatman) |publisher=Philadelphiabuildings.org |date=August 16, 1928 |accessdate=December 19, 2012}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.philadelphiabuildings.org/pab/app/ar_display.cfm?ArchitectId=A0209 |title=Chandler, Theophilus Parsons, Jr. (self-portrait, courtesy of Athenaeum) |publisher=Philadelphiabuildings.org |date=August 16, 1928 |accessdate=December 19, 2012}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gracememorial.ang-md.org/History.php|title=Grace Memorial Episcopal Church in Deer Creek Parish - Darlington, Harford County, MD|website=www.gracememorial.ang-md.org}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://christchurchridleypark.org/|title=Christ Church Ridley Park|website=Christ Church Ridley Park}}
11. ^[https://www.flickr.com/photos/92934406@N00/3449363403 Church of the New Jerusalem], from Flickr
12. ^[https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/pa0925/ Tabernacle Presbyterian Church], from HABS
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://tabunited.org/ |title=Tabernacle United Church |publisher=Tabunited.org |date= |accessdate=December 19, 2012}}
14. ^Berean Presbyterian Church {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20120907061555/http://www.preservationalliance.com/programs/aai/index.php/inventory/detail/36 |date=September 7, 2012 }}, from Preservation Alliance for Greater Philadelphia.
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.saintasaphs.org/Worship.html |title=Church of St. Asaph |publisher=Saintasaphs.org |date= |accessdate=December 19, 2012}}
16. ^{{cite web |url=http://trinity.episcopaldelaware.org/about/buildings_grounds.html |title=Trinity Church |publisher=Trinity.episcopaldelaware.org |date= |accessdate=December 19, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113071120/http://trinity.episcopaldelaware.org/about/buildings_grounds.html |archivedate=November 13, 2011 |df=mdy-all }}
17. ^[https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/pa0428/ Church of St. Martin], from HABS
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://thirdchurch.org/ |title=Third Presbyterian Church of Pittsburgh |publisher=Thirdchurch.org |date= |accessdate=December 19, 2012}}
19. ^Roberts, p. 29
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fpcp.org/ |title=First Presbyterian Church of Pittsburgh |publisher=Fpcp.org |date=September 16, 2012 |accessdate=December 19, 2012}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.christchurchithan.org/|title=www.christchurchithan.org|website=www.christchurchithan.org}}
22. ^Stonecliffe, from Bryn Mawr College
23. ^Ingeborg, Moses King, Philadelphia and Notable Philadelphians (New York, 1901), p. 74. Photo caption: "The charmingly picturesque ivy-clad Elizabethan stone residence of the late William Simpson, Jr., of the venerable dry-goods house of Wm. Simpson, Sons & Co., president of Eddystone Mfg. Co., etc., in whose memory was built the beautiful stone Memorial Church of St. Paul at Overbrook. Theophilus P. Chandler, architect." From Bryn Mawr College
24. ^Fox Hill, from Bryn Mawr College
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.brynmawr.edu/iconog/ajnls/dsub04.jpg |title=detail |date= |accessdate=December 19, 2012}}
26. ^[https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/pa0874/ Scott-Wanamaker townhouse], from HABS
27. ^[https://www.flickr.com/photos/rock_creek/2595574278/ Belmont], from Flickr
28. ^Rostrevor, from Bryn Mawr College
29. ^[https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/pa1125/ George Burnham house], from HABS
30. ^{{cite web|title=The Historic Buildings of the Community Arts Center in Wallingford, Pennsylvania|url=https://communityartscenter.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/CAC-History-Non-Booklet-2015.pdf|website=CommunityArtsCenter.org|accessdate=30 November 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208052411/https://communityartscenter.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/CAC-History-Non-Booklet-2015.pdf|archivedate=December 8, 2015|df=mdy-all}}
31. ^[https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/pa1172/ Compton], from HABS
32. ^{{cite book |last=Wilson |first=Helen, editor for the Squirrel Hill Historical Society |title=Squirrel Hill - A Neighborhood History|year=2017 |publisher=The History Press |location=Charleston |isbn=978-1-46713-625-9 |pages=(not paginated)}}
33. ^St. Asaph's Rectory, from Lower Merion Historical Society
34. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.livingplaces.com/PA/Berks_County/Reading_City/Stirling.html |title=Stirling |publisher=Livingplaces.com |date= |accessdate=December 19, 2012}}
35. ^[https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/pa0420/ Hillsover], from HABS
36. ^Langoma, from RedBubble
37. ^[https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/pa1217/ Bear Pits, Philadelphia Zoo], from HABS
38. ^John Thomas Scharf, History of Delaware: 1609-1888 (Philadelphia: L.J. Richards & Company, 1888), pp. 618-9
39. ^[https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/pa0901/ Spring Garden Insurance Company], from HABS
40. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hayesmanor.org/history.php|title=A Retirement and Personal Care Home in Philadelphia|website=www.hayesmanor.org}}
41. ^[https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/pa1171/ Commercial Union Assurance Company], from HABS
42. ^Gladstone Apartments from Bryn Mawr College
43. ^[https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/pa0736/ Gladstone Hotel], from HABS
44. ^[https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/pa2749/ North Philadelphia Station], from HABS
45. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FeP0YPGYrKAC|title=Railroad Gazette|date=1896-01-01|publisher=Railroad gazette.|language=en}}
46. ^[https://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/hh/item/pa1038/ Pennsylvania Fire Insurance Company], from HABS
47. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.pastonearch.org/docs/AppendixD.pdf |title=Delaware County Bridge Inventory, Bridge #65, pp. D12-D13, April 2007 |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=December 19, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303234627/http://www.pastonearch.org/docs/AppendixD.pdf |archivedate=March 3, 2012 |df=mdy-all }}
Bibliography
  • Roberts, Joan Church. [https://www.amazon.com/Theophilus-P-Chandler-Jr-Architect/dp/091653099X Theophilus P. Chandler, Jr.: Portrait of an American Architect,] (Athenaeum of Philadelphia, 2010).
  • Thomas, George E. "Theophilus Parsons Chandler," Sewell, Darrel, ed., Philadelphia: Three Centuries of American Art, (Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1976), pp. 415–16.

External links

{{Commons category|Theophilus P. Chandler, Jr.}}
  • {{Find a Grave|120742911}}
  • Theophilus Parsons Chandler, Jr., from Philadelphia Architects and Buildings
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20110604124249/http://www.philadelphiabuildings.org/faids/aaup/Chandler.pdf Theophilus P. Chandler Collection], at Architectural Archives, University of Pennsylvania
  • Works by or about Theophilus Parsons Chandler, Jr. in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Chandler, Theophilus Parsons, Jr.}}

13 : 1845 births|1928 deaths|Architects from Philadelphia|Harvard University alumni|University of Pennsylvania faculty|Architects from Boston|American ecclesiastical architects|Gothic Revival architects|American alumni of the École des Beaux-Arts|Members of the Philadelphia Club|Preservationist architects|Defunct architecture firms based in Pennsylvania|People associated with the Philadelphia Museum of Art
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/11/13 22:15:07