| 词条 | The Pitchfork Disney |
| 释义 |
| name = The Pitchfork Disney | image = The Pitchfork Disney 2.jpg | image_size = | caption = Poster advertising the original 1991 production | writer = Philip Ridley | chorus = | characters = Presley Stray (Male, aged 28) Haley Stray (Female, aged 28) Cosmo Disney (Male, aged 18) Pitchfork Cavalier (Male) | mute = | setting = "A dimly lit room in the East End of London" | date of premiere = 2 January 1991 | place = Bush Theatre, London | country of Origin = Britain | original language = English | series = | subject = | genre = In-yer-face theatre | web = }}The Pitchfork Disney is a 1991 stage play by Philip Ridley.[1] It was Ridley's first professional work for the stage, having previously produced work as a visual artist, novelist, filmmaker, and scriptwriter for film and radio.[2] The play premiered at the Bush Theatre in London, UK in 1991 and was directed by Matthew Lloyd, who went on to direct the majority of Ridley's early stage plays.[3][4] The play was a controversial hit and is generally regarded as kick-starting a new, confrontational "In-yer-face" style and sensibility of drama which emerged in British theatre during the 1990s.[5][6][7] The play is the first entry in Ridley's unofficially titled "East End Gothic Trilogy", being followed by The Fastest Clock in the Universe and Ghost from a Perfect Place.[8][9] In 2015 the published script was reissued as part of the Methuen Drama Modern Classics series, recognising the play's impact on modern British theatre.[10] SynopsisThe play opens with the characters of Presley and Haley, two adults living alone in the East End of London. They lead a childish fantasy existence, living mainly off chocolate. Their parents died a decade before, although their exact fate is not described. They tell each other stories and discuss their dreams and fears. From their window, they see two men, one of whom is apparently sick. Agitated, Haley sucks on a drugged dummy and goes to sleep. Despite their fear of outsiders, Presley brings the sick man in, who promptly vomits on the floor. The man introduces himself as Cosmo Disney, and explains that he and his partner are showmen. His sickness is caused by the fact that his particular talent consists of eating insects and small animals. Cosmo emotionally manipulates Presley who tells Cosmo about a recurring dream he has, involving a serial killer named 'The Pitchfork Disney'. Almost immediately after Presley finishes his story, Cosmo's partner arrives. He is a huge, masked and apparently mute figure named Pitchfork Cavalier. His act is simply taking his mask off to reveal his hideously deformed face. He sings a wordless song, dances with the unconscious Haley and eats some chocolate. Cosmo convinces Presley to accompany Pitchfork to the shops, promising friendship. As soon as they leave, Cosmo performs a sexual assault on Haley by inserting one of his fingers soaked in medicine into her mouth. Presley unexpectedly returns and realises Cosmo's true motives, and breaks his finger which he used to assault Haley. Cosmo flees. Pitchfork briefly returns, terrifies Presley and then leaves. Haley awakes, and the two express their fear. Themes and interpretation{{Expand section|date=April 2018}}The play is a dreamlike piece with surreal elements. It primarily deals with fear, particularly childhood fears. Dreams and stories are also explored, and indeed, the entire play can be interpreted as a dream in itself. Another recurring theme is that of snakes, being described by Presley in two monologues. In the first he describes killing one in a frying pan and in the second he recounts seeing one kill a mouse in the reptile house of a zoo and then later coming home and watching a television programme about a Christian cult who worship snakes. Cosmo himself can be interpreted as being a manifestation of a snake as he eats insects and small animals, claims to have been born hatching from an egg and that he got new skin from unzipping and throwing away the skin he had from being a baby. Presley in one of the monologues describes seeing a snake shed its skin to reveal bright red skin underneath. This description seems to echo Cosmo, who enters the play wearing a long black overcoat which he takes off to reveal the red-sequinned-jacket he is wearing underneath. Concerning interpretations of The Pitchfork Disney Ridley mentioned in 2016 that “Every time it’s revived it means something different. There’s a production of it on in Canada at the moment which in the present climate is being seen as a play about terrorism – about the fear of the outside coming in and the fear of change. A few years ago it was about the fear of sex, intimacy, of being touched... [my plays are] like tuning forks, they vibrate with whatever’s going on in the atmosphere at the time.”[11] DevelopmentRidley began writing the play while still an art student at St Martin's School of Art. While there he created a number of performance art pieces consisting of long fast-paced monologues detailing dream sequences and characters with shifting identities, which usually Ridley would perform in art galleries. From writing these some of Ridley's friends, who were leaving art school to instead pursue acting, suggested that his monologues would make a good basis for a stage play.[12] Ridley began writing The Pitchfork Disney based on two of his monologues that were companion pieces, one centring on a character who was afraid of everything and one who was afraid of nothing, with the play forming from the idea of what would happen if these two characters met.[13] Ridley in part got the inspiration for the character of Cosmo from when, at the age of 18, he witnessed in a pub a man wearing a red sequined jacket proceed to eat a variety of different insects onstage for entertainment.[14] Reception and legacyInitial ReceptionThe play was considered shocking for the time it was produced, with reportedly some walkouts throughout the show's run, along with rumours of audience members fainting. One verified account of an audience member fainting happened when Ridley was in the audience, leading to discussions backstage to if there should be a nurse present for each performance.[9] Alistair Macaulay of the Financial Times praised Rupert Graves’s performance as Presley as well as Matthew Lloyd’s direction. He also praised Ridley’s writing for its pace and for “working frequent humour and oddly poetic strokes of absurdity into his story” but criticised the play for not having a “persuasive sense of place” and for being “too surely mapped out” for a play that “journey[’s] into the self-conscious”. While stating that “the play is far from unflawed” Paul Taylor of The Independent gave a positive review, calling the play “remarkable” and praising Dominic Keating's performance as Cosmo as well as writing that "it is not a work you will forget in a hurry". Although commending the production's acting and direction Nick Curtis of Plays & Players gave a mostly negative review with criticism directed towards the script, stating that “Ridley opts increasingly for atmosphere over content” as well as criticising the themes for being “directionless and almost random” and for the play having an “absence of a heart or soul”. Similarly Maureen Paton Maguire for The Stage wrote negatively of Ridley's writing, describing the plot as “a repugnant tale” that “ends in a cul de sac. Where Pinter's ironic technique like a two-way mirror can give an intellectual patina to a mystery wrapped in an enigma, Ridley seems luridly self-indulgent… Ridley drops various ominous hints that are never resolved, leaving the audience to wallow in the mire of pointless speculation.” Maguire however praised the production for its “superb performances” and for being “undeniably well staged with balefully dingy precision by director Matthew Lloyd".[15] Reacting to negative reviews Ian Herbert in Theatre Record defended the play citing it as “a very important debut” and likewise compared Ridley's writing to Harold Pinter (but in a much more favourable light) and added that Ridley is a writer to watch out for: “he has a little to learn yet about dramatic structure and all the boring rules, but he can already create astonishingly original characters and give them lines that hold an audience spellbound.”[16] By the end of its original run the play had acquired something of a cult following, with a group of actors reportedly seeing the production several times and attending the production's final performance wearing T-shirts with lines from the play printed on them in big bold lettering. It was so successful that the Bush Theatre for the first time in its history had to schedule an extra matinee performance to meet audience demand.[9] For his performance as Presley, Rupert Graves subsequently won the Charrington Fringe Award for Best Actor.[17] LegacyYears after its premiere the play gained in reputation, achieving recognition as a major work and highly influential in the development of in-yer-face theatre, which dominated new writing in British Theatre during much of the 1990s. Bush Theatre artistic director Dominic Dromgoole wrote in 2000 that the play "took the expectations of a normal evening in the theatre, rolled them around a little, jollied them along, tickled their tummy, and then savagely, fucked them up the arse… Performed right at the beginning of 1990, this was one of the first plays to signal a new direction for new writing. No politics, no naturalism, no journalism, no issues. In its place, character, imagination, wit, sexuality, skin and the soul."[18] Critic and leading expert on In-yer-face theatre, Aleks Sierz, has often cited the play as a pioneering work. In his introduction to the Methuen Classics edition of the play-text, Sierz wrote “The Pitchfork Disney is not only a key play of the 90s; it is the key play of that decade... Its legend grew and grew until it became the pivotal influence on the generation of playwrights that followed. It is a foundation text; it separates then from now.”[9] Significant plays that critics believe have been influenced by or bear homage to the play include:
Monologues from the play have also become popular audition pieces, most notably Presley's speech about killing a snake in a frying pan[22] and Hayley's speech about being chased into a church by savage dogs.[23] Notable productionsWorld Premiere (London, 1991)2 January 1991 at The Bush Theatre, London.
Citizens' Theatre, Glasgow.
5 February 1995 at the Woolly Mammoth Theatre Company, Washington D.C.
Winner of ‘Outstanding resident play’ and ‘Outstanding lead actor, resident play’ for Wallace Acton at the Helen Hayes Awards,[26] with nominations also for ‘Outstanding Supporting actress, resident play’ for Mary Teresa Fortuna, ‘Outstanding Director, resident play’ for Rob Bundy, ‘Outstanding Set Design, resident play or musical’ for James Kronzer and ‘Outstanding Sound Design, resident play or musical’ for Daniel Schrader.[27] Bolton Revival (1997)[28][29]January 16 1997[30] at the Octagon Theatre, Bolton.
8 April 1999 at Blue Light Theater Company, New York.
25 January - 17 March 2012 at The Arcola Theatre, London.
27 January - 18 March 2017 at Shoreditch Town Hall, London.
Winner of the 2018 Off West End Awards for 'Best Supporting Male in a Play', awarded to Tom Rhys Harries.[34] Also nominated were George Blagden for ‘Best Male in a Play’ (longlisted) and Jamie Lloyd for ‘Best Director’ (longlisted).[35] Further reading
References1. ^Philip Ridley (1991). [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=L77YBgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Pitchfork+Disney&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAmoVChMIqNyW27j0xgIVi9YUCh2Y2gvp#v=onepage&q&f=false The Pitchfork Disney]. Methuen Drama. {{ISBN|9781472510471}}. 2. ^{{cite book |last=Sierz |first=Aleks |authorlink=Aleks Sierz |date=24 May 2012 |title=Modern British Playwriting: The 1990s: Voices, Documents, New Interpretations |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=CGw9lSJ5Q8MC&lpg=PP1&dq=Playwriting%20the%201990s&pg=PA89#v=onepage&q&f=false |location=Great Britain |publisher=Methuen Drama |page=89 |isbn=9781408181331}} 3. ^[https://d2a8mgfo90puea.cloudfront.net/files/cvs/Matthew-Lloyd-CV-with-header.pdf?mtime=20180731200145 CV of director Matthew Lloyd] 4. ^Review by Ian Shuttleworth of the original production of Ridley's 2000 play Vincent River directed by Matthew Lloyd 5. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2012/feb/03/pitchfork-disney-review|title = The Pitchfork Disney – review |location=London |work=The Guardian |first=Lyn| last=Gardner|authorlink=Lyn Gardner |date=6 February 2012}} 6. ^Audio recording of lecture given by Aleks Sierz entitled 'Blasted and After: New Writing in British Theatre Today' at a meeting of the Society for Theatre Research, at the Art Workers Guild, London on 16 February 2010 7. ^{{cite news|author= |title= Philip Ridley On ... Revisiting The Pitchfork Disney |url= http://www.whatsonstage.com/west-end-theatre/news/01-2012/philip-ridley-on-revisiting-the-pitchfork-disney_5566.html |newspaper= WhatsOnStage.com |location= London |date= 30 January 2012 |access-date=6 April 2016}} 8. ^{{cite book|last=Rebellato|first=Dan|authorlink=Dan Rebellato |editor-first1=Martin |editor-last1=Middeke |editor-first2= Peter |editor-last2=Paul Schnierer |editor-first3=Aleks |editor-last3=Sierz |date=17 October 2011 |title=The Methuen Drama Guide to Contemporary British Playwrights |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ee8PpQDofCUC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA426#v=onepage&q&f=false |location=London, Great Britain |publisher=Methuen Drama |page=426 |chapter=Chapter 22: Philip Ridley by Dan Rebellato |isbn=9781408122785}} 9. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite book |last=Ridley |first=Philip |date=21 October 2015 |series=Modern Classics |title=The Pitchfork Disney |edition=Reissue |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=L77YBgAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=false |location=Great Britain |publisher=Methuen Drama |pages=1-24 |isbn=978-1-4725-1400-4 |contributor-first=Aleks |contributor-last=Sierz |contribution=Introduction}} 10. ^Modern Classics Edition of The Pitchfork Disney listed on Bloomsbury Publishing's Website 11. ^{{cite web|last1=Faber |first1=Tom |title=Theatre Teaches You To Be Human: An Interview with Philip Ridley |url=http://londoncalling.com/features/theatre-teaches-you-to-be-human-an-interview-with-philip-ridley |website=londoncalling.com |publisher=London Calling Arts Ltd |accessdate=15 October 2016 |date=24 May 2016}} 12. ^{{cite interview |last=Ridley |first=Philip |subjectlink=Philip Ridley |interviewer=Paul Smith |title=Mercury Fur - Philip Ridley Talkback|url=https://soundcloud.com/middle-child-937463472/mercury-fur-philip-ridley-talkback|type=Interview: Audio |location=Hull |date=15 October 2015 |access-date=25 July 2016}} 13. ^{{cite book|last=Rebellato |first=Dan |authorlink=Dan Rebellato |editor-first1=Martin |editor-last1=Middeke |editor-first2=Peter |editor-last2=Paul Schnierer |editor-first3=Aleks |editor-last3=Sierz |date=17 October 2011 |title=The Methuen Drama Guide to Contemporary British Playwrights |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=9C4k3GvNl3cC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA425#v=onepage&q&f=false |location=London, Great Britain |publisher=Methuen Drama |pages=425 |chapter=Chapter 22: Philip Ridley by Dan Rebellato |isbn=9781408122785}} 14. ^{{cite book |last= Ridley |first= Philip |date= 2012 |title= Philip Ridley Plays 1: Pitchfork Disney; Fastest Clock in the Universe; Ghost from a Perfect Place |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=bQ18AAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Ridley+plays+1&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjTodTGjY_OAhVJC8AKHTOAAF4Q6AEIHDAA#v=onepage&q=LIII&f=false |location= Great Britain |publisher= Bloomsbury Methuen Drama |pages= lvii-lviii |isbn=978-1-4081-4231-8|chapter=Introduction: Chapter LIII}} 15. ^{{cite news|last1=Paton Maguire|first1=Maureen|title=Bush: The Pitchfork Disney|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001180/19910117/072/0013|accessdate=21 April 2018|work=The Stage|publisher=The Stage Media Company Limited|date=17 January 1991}} 16. ^Photographs of original newspaper reviews from 1991{{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 17. ^Photograph of newspaper clipping{{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 18. ^{{cite book|last1=Dromgoole |first1=Dominic |authorlink=Dominic Dromgoole |title=The Full Room: An A-Z of Contemporary Playwriting |date=2000 |publisher=Methuen Publishing |location=London |isbn=0413772306 |edition=1st}} 19. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book|last=Rebellato|first=Dan|authorlink=Dan Rebellato |editor-first1=Martin |editor-last1=Middeke |editor-first2= Peter |editor-last2=Paul Schnierer |editor-first3=Aleks |editor-last3=Sierz |date=17 October 2011 |title=The Methuen Drama Guide to Contemporary British Playwrights |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ee8PpQDofCUC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA441#v=onepage&q&f=false |location=London, Great Britain |publisher=Methuen Drama |page=441 |chapter=Chapter 22: Philip Ridley by Dan Rebellato |isbn=9781408122785}} 20. ^{{cite book |last=Sierz |first=Aleks |date=5 March 2001 |title=In-Yer-Face Theatre: British Drama Today |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=MjcgBQAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=In-yer-face+theatre+book&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiugv2n2ovMAhVDVxQKHV6ACHAQ6AEIHDAA#v=onepage&q&f=false |location=Great Britain |publisher=Faber and Faber Limited |page=196 |isbn=0-571-20049-4}} 21. ^{{cite web|last1=Wilkinson|first1=Devawn|title=Review: Three Birds|url=http://www.ayoungertheatre.com/review-three-birds-bush-theatre/|website=A Younger Theatre|accessdate=25 July 2016 |date=25 March 2013}} 22. ^List by Karen Kohlhaas of 'Overdone Men's Monologues' at auditions 23. ^[https://auditionscripts.wordpress.com/2011/04/13/monologues-for-female-performers/ Website with options for female monologues as audition speeches] 24. ^{{cite news|last1=Benjamin|first1=Eva|title=Glasgow: The Pitchfork Disney|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001180/19930429/102/0020|accessdate=21 April 2018|work=The Stage|publisher=The Stage Media Company Limited|date=29 April 1993}} 25. ^{{cite news|last=Brantley |first=Ben |authorlink=Ben Brantley |date=8 February 1995|title=THEATER REVIEW: THE PITCHFORK DISNEY; HEDDA GABLER; To Stay Home or Not: Varieties of Fear and Peril |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/02/08/theater/theater-review-pitchfork-disney-hedda-gabler-stay-home-not-varieties-fear-peril.html |newspaper=The New York Times |location=New York |access-date= }} 26. ^{{cite news |last= Viagas |first= Robert |date= 7 May 1996 |title= DC Helen Hayes Awards Winners Announced |url= http://www.playbill.com/news/article/dc-helen-hayes-awards-winners-announced-328893 |newspaper= Playbill |location= New York |access-date= }} 27. ^{{cite news |last= Lundy |first= Katia |date= 12 April 1996 |title= Helen Hayes Award Nominees |url= http://www.playbill.com/article/helen-hayes-award-nominees-com-67761 |newspaper= Playbill |location= New York |access-date= }} 28. ^{{cite news|last1=Wainwright|first1=Jeffrey|title=Review: THEATRE The Pitchfork Disney Bolton Octagon|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/review-theatre-the-pitchfork-disney-bolton-octagon-1284521.html|accessdate=22 April 2018|work=The Independent|publisher=Independent Print Limited|date=22 January 1997}} 29. ^{{cite news|last1=Anglesey|first1=Natalie|title=Bolton: The Pitchfork Disney|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001637/19970130/079/0013|accessdate=22 April 2018|work=The Stage|publisher=The Stage Media Company Limited|date=30 January 1997}} 30. ^{{cite news|title=Neil's naughty animals visit the Octagon at Christmas|url=http://www.theboltonnews.co.uk/news/6200061.Neil_s_naughty_animals_visit_the_Octagon_at_Christmas/|accessdate=22 April 2018|work=The Bolton News|publisher=Newsquest (North West) Ltd|date=6 August 1996}} 31. ^{{cite news|last1=McGrath|first1=Sean|last2=Jones|first2=Kenneth|title=After Delay, Blue Light Disney to Open at NY's HERE April 8|url=http://www.playbill.com/article/after-delay-blue-light-disney-to-open-at-nys-here-april-8-com-81114|accessdate=24 February 2018|work=Playbill|publisher=PLAYBILL INC.|date=7 April 1999}} 32. ^[https://www.arcolatheatre.com/production/arcola/the-pitchfork-disney Webpage of 2012 revival] 33. ^[https://shoreditchtownhall.com/whats-on/the-pitchfork-disney Archive page of The Pitchfork Disney at Shoreditch Town Hall ] 34. ^{{cite web|title=Offies 2018: Full list of Off West End Award winners|url=https://www.londontheatre.co.uk/theatre-news/news/offies-2018-full-list-of-off-west-end-award-winners|website=LondonTheatre.co.uk|publisher=LondonTheatre.co.uk|accessdate=16 April 2018}} 35. ^{{cite web|title=OFFIE Panel Nominations for 2017 (Longlist)|url=http://www.offwestend.com/index.php/pages/the_offies|website=OffWestEnd.com|accessdate=24 February 2018|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180107081648/http://www.offwestend.com/index.php/pages/the_offies|archivedate=7 January 2018|df=}} External links
4 : 1991 plays|Plays by Philip Ridley|British plays|Debut plays |
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