| 词条 | Thermal, California |
| 释义 |
|name = Thermal |official_name = |settlement_type = census-designated place | other_name = Kokell[1] |motto = |image_skyline = AirportBlvd ThermalCalifornia.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Avenue 56 in Thermal, California |image_flag = |image_seal = |pushpin_map = USA California |pushpin_label_position = left |pushpin_map_caption = Location within the state of California |pushpin_mapsize = |image_map = |map_caption = Location within Riverside county |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{USA}} |subdivision_type1 = State |subdivision_name1 = {{flag|California}} |subdivision_type2 = County |subdivision_name2 = Riverside |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |established_title = |established_date = |area_magnitude = | unit_pref =US | area_footnotes = [2] | area_total_sq_mi = 9.451 | area_land_sq_mi = 9.451 | area_water_sq_mi = 0 | area_total_km2 = 24.479 | area_land_km2 = 24.479 | area_water_km2 = 0 | area_water_percent = 0 | area_note = |population_as_of = 2010 |population_footnotes = |population_total = 2865 |population_density_km2 = auto |timezone = Pacific (PST) |utc_offset = −08:00 |timezone_DST = PDT |utc_offset_DST = −07:00 |elevation_footnotes = [3] |elevation_ft = -138 |coordinates = {{coord|33|37|35|N|116|07|51|W|type:landmark_region:US|display=inline,title}} |postal_code_type = ZIP Codes |postal_code = 92274 |area_code = 760/442 |blank_name = FIPS code |blank_info = |blank1_name = GNIS feature ID |blank1_info = {{GNIS 4|2583161}} |website = |footnotes = }} Thermal is an unincorporated community within the Coachella Valley in Riverside County, California located approximately {{convert|25| miles}} southeast of Palm Springs and about {{convert|9.5| miles}} north of the Salton Sea. The community's elevation is {{convert|138|ft|m}} below mean sea level. It is served by area codes 760 and 442 and is in ZIP Code 92274. The population was 2,865 at the 2010 census. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Thermal a census-designated place (CDP), which does not precisely correspond to the historical community. HistoryThermal (originally Kokell)[4]{{rp|114}} began as a railroad camp in 1910 for employees of the Southern Pacific Railroad, followed by Mecca (originally called Walters) in 1915 and Arabia in between, each with about 1,000 residents. Permanent dwellings were soon established on Avenue 56 (renamed Airport Boulevard), former U.S. Route 99 (State Route 86) and State Route 111 by the 1930s. Agricultural development from canal irrigation made the area thrive in greenery by the 1950s, followed by the former Camp Young U.S. Naval Air station converted into Thermal Airport by 1965. In the early 1990s, a four-lane highway (State Route 86) was constructed over an earlier transportation route. There is a proposal for a major commercial aviation Airport known as the Jackie Cochran-Desert Cities Regional Airport in the same site. An auto racetrack and club, a members-only racetrack near Jacqueline Cochran Regional Airport (Thermal Club), is under development, and is being built on land originally owned by the Kohl family (owners of Kohl Department stores) and built in partnership with them. The Kohls still own significant property in this area. Geography and climateAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP covers an area of 9.5 square miles (25.5 km²), all of it land.[5] ClimateThermal has a desert climate (BWh according to the Köppen climate classification). High mountain ranges on three sides contribute to its unique and year-round warm climate, with some of the warmest winters west of the Rocky Mountains. Its average annual high temperature is {{convert|89.5|°F|°C|abbr=on}} and its average annual low is {{convert|62.1|°F|°C|abbr=on}}. Summer highs above {{convert|108|°F|°C|abbr=on}} are common and sometimes exceed {{convert|120|°F|°C|abbr=on}}, while summer night lows often stay above {{convert|82|°F|°C|abbr=on}}. Winters are warm with daytime highs often between {{convert|68|-|86|°F|°C}}. The average annual precipitation is under {{convert|4|in|mm}}, with over 348 days of sunshine per year. The hottest temperature ever recorded in the area was {{convert|125|°F|°C|abbr=on}} on July 6, 1905.[6] The mean annual temperature is {{convert|75.8|°F|°C|abbr=on}}.[7] {{Weather box|location = Thermal, California|single line = Y |Jan record high F = 97 |Feb record high F = 100 |Mar record high F = 104 |Apr record high F = 110 |May record high F = 121 |Jun record high F = 123 |Jul record high F = 125 |Aug record high F = 121 |Sep record high F = 122 |Oct record high F = 115 |Nov record high F = 101 |Dec record high F = 96 |year record high F =125 |Jan high F = 71.9 |Feb high F = 75.3 |Mar high F = 81.3 |Apr high F = 87.5 |May high F = 95.7 |Jun high F = 103.1 |Jul high F = 107.3 |Aug high F = 106.6 |Sep high F = 102.0 |Oct high F = 91.9 |Nov high F = 79.6 |Dec high F = 71.0 |year high F = 89.5 |Jan low F = 44.6 |Feb low F = 48.0 |Mar low F = 54.8 |Apr low F = 60.7 |May low F = 67.7 |Jun low F = 74.2 |Jul low F = 80.3 |Aug low F = 80.3 |Sep low F = 74.0 |Oct low F = 63.7 |Nov low F = 51.8 |Dec low F = 44.2 |year low F =62.1 |Jan record low F = 13 |Feb record low F = 20 |Mar record low F = 25 |Apr record low F = 33 |May record low F = 38 |Jun record low F = 45 |Jul record low F = 59 |Aug record low F = 56 |Sep record low F = 46 |Oct record low F = 31 |Nov record low F = 23 |Dec record low F = 17 |year record low F =13 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation inch = 0.56 |Feb precipitation inch = 0.64 |Mar precipitation inch = 0.43 |Apr precipitation inch = 0.05 |May precipitation inch = 0.07 |Jun precipitation inch = 0.01 |Jul precipitation inch = 0.04 |Aug precipitation inch = 0.54 |Sep precipitation inch = 0.04 |Oct precipitation inch = 0.26 |Nov precipitation inch = 0.18 |Dec precipitation inch = 0.62 |year precipitation inch =3.44 |source 1 = NOAA (normals 1981–2010)[8] |date=May 2013}} DemographicsThe 2010 United States Census[9] reported that Thermal had a population of 2,865. The population density was 303.1 people per square mile (117.0/km²). The racial makeup of Thermal was 1,034 (36.1%) White, 28 (1.0%) African American, 30 (1.0%) Native American, 32 (1.1%) Asian, 1 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 1,685 (58.8%) from other races, and 55 (1.9%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2,730 persons (95.3%). The Census reported that 2,863 people (99.9% of the population) lived in households, 2 (<0.1%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized. There were 684 households, out of which 452 (66.1%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 410 (59.9%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 113 (16.5%) had a female householder with no husband present, 87 (12.7%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 61 (8.9%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 6 (0.9%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 55 households (8.0%) were made up of individuals and 19 (2.8%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 4.19. There were 610 families (89.2% of all households); the average family size was 4.36. The population was spread out with 1,070 people (37.3%) under the age of 18, 316 people (11.0%) aged 18 to 24, 781 people (27.3%) aged 25 to 44, 502 people (17.5%) aged 45 to 64, and 196 people (6.8%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 25.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 111.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 109.5 males. There were 761 housing units at an average density of 80.5 per square mile (31.1/km²), of which 269 (39.3%) were owner-occupied, and 415 (60.7%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0.7%; the rental vacancy rate was 6.7%. 1,162 people (40.6% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 1,701 people (59.4%) lived in rental housing units. Public servicesEducationThere are several schools in the Coachella Valley Unified School District that are in and near the community. These include schools in Salton City, 20 miles south of Coachella, in Imperial County, California. In Thermal, they are: Westside Elementary (K-6), Oasis Elementary (K-8), Mountain Vista Elementary (K-6), Saul Martinez Elementary (K-6), Mecca Elementary (K-6), Edward Park Elementary (K-5), Toro Canyon Middle (6-8), Bobby Duke Middle (6-8), John Kelley Elementary (K-6), Coachella Valley High (9-12), Cesar Chavez Elementary (K-6), Cahuilla Desert Academy (Junior High: 7th and 8th grade), Desert Mirage High School (9-12), West Shores High School (9-12) and La Familia Continuation High (9-12). College of the Desert, a community college based in Palm Desert has opened a new satellite campus, the East Valley Educational Center, on the corner of 62nd Avenue and Buchanan Street. TransportationThermal Airport is located about 1.6 miles southwest of the community. The Union Pacific Railroad owns and operates the former Southern Pacific Railroad mainline through Thermal. The region is served by a two-lane Expressway. State Route 86/111 is a modern transportation corridor that serves as a fruit shipping and international trucking route to connect with Interstate 10 in Indio. CemeteriesThe Toro Cemetery is located on Monroe Street.[10][11] The Torres-Martinez Desert Cahuilla Indians maintain a small (48 interments) cemetery on Martinez Road.[12][13] The Thermal ClubThe Thermal Club is a private motorsports facility situated on {{convert|344|acre}} south of Thermal. This private country club for automotive enthusiasts plans to build a {{Convert|4.5|mi|m|adj=mid|motor racing circuit}} with 300 lots for member-owned garages and villas. {{As of|2014}} the first {{Convert|1.8|mi|m|adj=mid|racing course}} was in use by early members and for media and promotional events with 2 more courses planned.[14] http://www.thethermalclub.com/ References
Notes1. ^Grantham, D. W. (February 1984) "Towns and Places of the Coachella Valley" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111202022821/http://www.mydesertmagazine.com/files/198402-DesertMagazine-1984-February.pdf |date=2011-12-02 }} Desert Magazine 48:1 pp 39-40 2. ^[https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt U.S. Census] {{webarchive|url=https://www.webcitation.org/699nOulzi?url=http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |date=2012-07-14 }} 3. ^{{gnis|2583161}} 4. ^Nordland, Ole J. (May 1968) "Coachella Valley's Golden Years" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150201065734/http://www.cvwd.org/news/publication_docs/coachella_valleys_golden_years.pdf |date=2015-02-01 }} Coachella Valley County Water District 5. ^"Boundary Map and Geodata for the CDP of Thermal in California, U.S.A.". MapTechnica.com. Retrieved August 9, 2014 6. ^http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?ca4259 7. ^http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/1981-2010/products/station/USC00044259.normals.txt 8. ^{{cite web | author=NOAA | title=1981-2010 MONTHLY NORMALS for Indio, CA | url=http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/1981-2010/products/station/USC00044259.normals.txt | publisher=NOAA| date= | accessdate=2013-05-05}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0678456|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Thermal CDP|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=July 12, 2014}} 10. ^{{Coord|33.5883594|-116.2305629|region:US|display=inline}} USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) 11. ^[https://maps.google.com/maps?ll=33.588359,-116.230563&spn=0.3,0.3&t=m&q=33.588359,-116.230563 63-771 Monroe St., Thermal, CA 92274 per Google Maps] 12. ^{{Coord|33.5603042|-116.1525048|region:US|display=inline}} USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) 13. ^Torres Martinez Reservation Cemetery Find A Grave 14. ^Undercoffler, David (August 9, 2014) "At the Thermal Club, wealthy gearheads will have private vrooms" Los Angeles Times External links
|Centre = Thermal |North = Joshua Tree National Park |Northeast = Cottonwood Mountains |East = Mecca Hills |Southeast = Mecca |South = Torres-Martinez Indian Reservation |Southwest = Valerie (a.k.a. Valerie Jean) |West = La Quinta |Northwest = Coachella }}{{Riverside County, California}} 4 : Census-designated places in Riverside County, California|Populated places in the Colorado Desert|Coachella Valley|Census-designated places in California |
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