“The Seven Deadly Sins (ballet chanté)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Seven Deadly Sins ({{lang-de|Die sieben Todsünden}},^[1] {{lang-fr|Les sept péchés capitaux}}) is a satirical ballet chanté ("sung ballet") in seven scenes (nine movements) composed by Kurt Weill to a German libretto by Bertolt Brecht in 1933 under a commission from Boris Kochno and Edward James. It was translated into English by W. H. Auden and Chester Kallman. It was the last major collaboration between Weill and Brecht.

Origins

With the Nazi seizure of power following the Reichstag fire of 27 February 1933, Brecht and Weill–especially Weill as a Jew–recognized that Berlin could no longer serve as their artistic home. Brecht left Berlin and traveled to Paris, stayed briefly in Prague, and then in Vienna. Less than a month later he was in Zurich and then moved to less expensive lodgings in Lugano, Switzerland. There a patron offered him living quarters in his summer home in Carona, outside Lugano. Weill spent time in Paris in December 1932, where he obtained the commission for the Seven Deadly Sins.^[2] He contacted Brecht in Carona and Brecht promptly joined him in Paris.^[3] The scenario of the libretto mirrors Brecht's own travels, expanded to one-year sojourns in each of seven cities.

Performance history

Kurt Weill was commissioned to compose Die sieben Todsünden by Edward James, a wealthy Englishman who had been in Paris during Weill's visit in December 1932. James's wife, Tilly Losch, was a ballerina who James described as having a striking resemblance to Weill's wife, Lotte Lenya.^[4] Because James knew that Weill was going to write for Lenya, he included language in the contract commissioning the work requiring that his wife, Losch, dance opposite her lookalike.^[5] This dictated the complicated split personality plot before Bertolt Brecht was even asked to write the libretto.

The Seven Deadly Sins premiered in the Théatre des Champs-Elysées in Paris on 7 June 1933.^[6] It was produced, directed and choreographed by George Balanchine with mise en scène by Caspar Neher. The lead roles were played by Lotte Lenya (Anna I) and Tilly Losch (Anna II).^[5] According to Nils Grosch, it "was met with bewilderment by the French audience (not just because the work was sung entirely in German). German émigrés living in Paris, however, were enthusiastic and considered it 'a grand evening.'"^[7] The production went to London and opened at the Savoy Theatre under the title Anna-Anna on 28 June of the same year in an impromptu translation by Lenya.

The work was revived by Weill's widow Lenya in the 1950s, with the main singing part transposed to a fourth below its original pitch level in order to allow her to perform her original role.^[8] Another version transposed down a full octave was used by Marianne Faithfull in her 1997 recording.^[8] The original version has been recorded by, among others, Anne Sofie von Otter, Teresa Stratas, and Anja Silja.

Major productions

Roles

Synopsis

The Seven Deadly Sins tells the story of two sisters, Anna I and Anna II. Anna I, the singer, is the principal vocal role. Anna II, the dancer, is heard only infrequently and the text hints at the possibility that the two Annas are the same person: "To convey the ambivalence inherent in the 'sinner', Brecht splits the personality of Anna into Anna I, the cynical impresario with a practical sense and conscience, and Anna II, the emotional, impulsive, artistic beauty, the salable product with an all too human heart."^[16] Anna I sings:

"The Family", a male quartet, fills the role of a Greek chorus. They refer to Anna as a single daughter of the family, making a verbal allusion to her divided nature: "Will our Anna pull herself together?" The sisters set out from the banks of the Mississippi River in Louisiana to find their fortune in the big cities, intending to send their family enough money to build a little house on the river. After the prologue, in which Anna I introduces the sisters and their plans, each of seven scenes is devoted to one of the seven deadly sins, each encountered in a different American city:

While securing the means to build the little house over the course of seven years, Anna II envies those who can engage in the sins she must abjure. The epilogue ends on a sober note, as Anna II's responds with resignation to her sister: "Yes, Anna."

Satire

The libretto is satirical. When Anna II tries to behave morally she is scolded by her alter ego and her family for committing one of the seven sins. For instance, Anna I objects that Anna II is too proud to perform as a cabaret dancer just to please her clientele and needs to abandon her pride and satisfy her clients' lust. When Anna II is angry at injustice, Anna I advises her to exercise self-control. She's advised as well to be faithful to the wealthy man who pays her for love and not share her earnings with the man she loves. Anna II repeatedly surrenders to Anna I with the words "It's right like this." In the case of the last of the seven sins, Anna I warns Anna II not to be envious of people who live as she would like to, "of those who pass the time at their ease and in comfort; those too proud to be bought; of those whose wrath is kindled by injustice; those who act upon their impulses happily; lovers true to their loved ones; and those who take what they need without shame."

Recordings

References

1. ^Sometimes identified as Die sieben Todsünden der Kleinbürger ("The Seven Deadly Sins of the Petty Bourgeoisie").
2. ^Ronald K. Shull, “A New Orpheus,” The Genesis of Die sieben Todsünden, comp. Kim H. Kowalke (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986)
3. ^Ronald K. Shull, “A New Orpheus,” The Genesis of Die sieben Todsünden, comp. Kim H. Kowalke (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986)
4. ^Ronald K. Shull, “A New Orpheus,” The Genesis of Die sieben Todsünden, comp. Kim H. Kowalke (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986), 206.
5. ^¹Jürgen Schebera: Kurt Weill: An Illustrated Life; New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1997 ({{ISBN|0-300-07284-8}}).
6. ^{{Cite book|title = An Introduction to the Social and Political Philosophy of Bertolt Brecht: Revolution and Aesthetics.|last = Squiers|first = Anthony|publisher = Rodopi|year = 2014|isbn = 9789042038998|location = Amsterdam|pages = 187}}
7. ^Nils Grosch, album notes, Weill, The Seven Deadly Sins, Marianne Faithfull / Vienna Radio Symphony Orchestra (BMG Classics 2004 CD 82876060872-2, reissue of 1997 recording)
8. ^¹Nils Grosch, Joachim Lucchesi, Jürgen Schebera: Kurt Weill-Studien; Stuttgart: M & P Verlag für Wissenschaft und Forschung, 1996 ({{ISBN|3-476-45166-6}}).
9. ^George Balanchine Foundation webpage for Les Sept Péchés Capitaux, 1933, per Boris Kochno
10. ^George Balanchine Foundation webpage for The Seven Deadly Sins, 1958
11. ^NYCB webpage for The Seven Deadly Sins, 1933 and 1958
12. ^Die sieben Todsünden (1933) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060720234650/http://www.kwf.org/pages/works/s2main.html |date=2006-07-20 }}, Kurt Weill Foundation. Accessed 15 November 2006.
13. ^[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703509104576327061638053984 Wall Street Journal], Robert Greskovic, May 17, 2011
14. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/08/arts/dance/seven-deadly-sins-at-city-ballet-spring-gala.html The New York Times], Roslyn Sulcas, May 4, 2011
15. ^Jones, Kenneth. "Patti LuPone To Sing Seven Deadly Sins, Susan Stroman Creates Ellington Piece for NY City Ballet" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229163841/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/146128-Patti-LuPone-To-Sing-Seven-Deadly-Sins-Susan-Stroman-Creates-Ellington-Piece-for-NY-City-Ballet |date=2010-12-29 }} playbill.com, December 27, 2010
16. ^Steven Paul Scher, Walter Bernhart, Werner Wolf: Essays on Literature and Music (1967-2004), Rodopi, 2004. ({{ISBN|90-420-1752-X}})