| 词条 | The Wasp (magazine) |
| 释义 |
The Wasp, also known as The Illustrated Wasp, The San Francisco Illustrated Wasp, The Wasp News-Letter and the San Francisco News- Letter Wasp, was an American weekly satirical magazine based in San Francisco. Founded in 1876, it closed in 1941, the name of the magazine having been changed several times in the interim. BackgroundThe Wasp was founded as a weekly satire magazine in San Francisco in 1876 by the Bohemian expatriate Francis Korbel and his two brothers, who also founded the Korbel Champagne Cellars.[1][2] The first issue was published on August 5, 1876.[2] The lead artist until 1883 was George Frederick Keller.[2] The magazine was somewhat unusual at the time, owing to the Korbels' expertise in mass-producing color lithographs in print, a process they had come to master in their first business, the manufacture of labeled cigar boxes. The magazine was sold in secret in 1881 to Charles Webb Howard, who hired Edward C. Macfarlane as publisher. Ambrose Bierce was hired as editor soon afterward, serving in that role from January 1, 1881, until September 11, 1885. During Bierce's editorial tenure, The Wasp published his column "Prattle" and several serialized installments of his satirical definitions later collected as The Devil's Dictionary. Political cartoons from The Wasp are often cited in Asian-American anti-defamation materials as an example of early stereotyping of Chinese immigrants.[2] With the following name changes, the magazine ran from August 5, 1876, to April 25, 1941:[3]
Cartoons from The WaspNotes1. ^{{cite journal|first=Gray|last=Brechin|title= The Wasp: Stinging Editorials and Political Cartoons|journal=Bancroftiana|number=121| date= Fall 2002|pages=1+8|publisher=Friends of The Bancroft Library|url=http://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/bancroftiana/ucb/text/bancroftiana_121.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116203528/http://digitalassets.lib.berkeley.edu/bancroftiana/ucb/text/bancroftiana_121.pdf|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2018-01-16}} 2. ^1 {{cite journal|author=Nicholas Sean Hall|title=WASP: Racism and Satire in the 19th Century|journal=California History|date=2013|volume=90|issue=2|url=http://foundsf.org/index.php?title=WASP:_Racism_and_Satire_in_the_19th_Century|accessdate=July 29, 2015}} 3. ^Edward E. Chielens, American Literary Magazines: The Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries (Greenwood Press, 1986), 437 4. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=The San Francisco Illustrated Wasp|url=http://thomasnastcartoons.com/west-coast-view/the-san-francisco-wasp/|work=T. Nast Cartoons|accessdate=July 29, 2015}}
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6 : American satirical magazines|American weekly magazines|Defunct magazines of the United States|Magazines established in 1876|Magazines disestablished in 1941|Magazines published in California |
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