| 词条 | Thomas Bavin |
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix = The Honourable | name = Sir Thomas Bavin | honorific-suffix = KCMG KC | image = Thomas Bavin.jpg | imagesize = | smallimage = | caption = | order = 24th Premier of New South Wales {{small|Elections: 1927, 1930 }} | term_start = 18 October 1927 | term_end = 4 November 1930 | deputy = | predecessor = Jack Lang | successor = Jack Lang | constituency = Gordon (1917–20) Ryde (1920–27) Gordon (1927–35) | majority = | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1874|5|5}} | birth_place = Kaiapoi, Canterbury, New Zealand | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1941|8|31|1874|5|5}} | death_place = Bellevue Hill, New South Wales, Australia | restingplace = | restingplacecoordinates = | birthname = Thomas Rainsford Bavin | nationality = Australian | party = Nationalist | spouse = Edyth Winchcombe | education = Newington College University of Sydney }} Sir Thomas Rainsford Bavin, KCMG (5 May 1874 – 31 August 1941) was the 24th Premier of New South Wales. Early yearsBorn in Kaiapoi, New Zealand to a Methodist minister and his wife, Bavin was educated at Auckland Grammar School until 1889 when his family moved to Sydney and Bavin enrolled at Newington College (1889–1890).[1] His siblings were: Edna (Mrs Charles Lack); Jessie (Mrs Ambrose Fletcher); Gertrude (Mrs William Parker); Major Cyril Bavin OBE; Horace Bavin; Florence Bavin (Mrs Ernest Warren); Lancelot Bavin; and Dora Bavin (Mrs Leslie Allen).[2] At the University of Sydney he came into conflict with his parents by renouncing Methodism (he later converted to Anglicanism), and graduated with a BA in 1894 and LL.B in 1897, winning the University Medal in the process.[3] Called to the New South Wales Bar in 1897, Bavin became involved in the cause of Australian Federation, unsuccessfully standing for the Legislative Assembly seat of Canterbury on a pro-Federation platform in 1898. After lecturing in law at the University of Tasmania in 1900 where he was acting professor of law[4] , Bavin returned to Sydney to marry Edyth Winchcombe, the daughter of Frederick Winchcombe, a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly and Council, on 6 February 1901, and serve as private secretary to Australia's first and second Prime Ministers, Sir Edmund Barton and Sir Alfred Deakin. Bavin returned to the Bar in 1904 but found briefs scarce and so began writing op-ed pieces for Sydney newspapers, and, along with Deakin, serve as the Australian correspondent for the London Morning Post from 1907 to 1911.[5] In 1913, he inquired into food supplies and prices and went to sea on the trawlers to investigate pricing of fish in detail. He recommended an anti-monopoly bureau that could investigate prices and recommend prosecutions. Bavin was elected as an alderman to Willoughby Municipal Council in 1910.[3] When World War I broke out he became a naval intelligence officer.[4] Political careerBavin's attempts to enter federal parliament were thwarted, thrice losing Commonwealth Liberal Party pre-selection, due partly to his support for greater social welfare expenditure. He gained pre-selection for the Legislative Assembly seat of Albury in 1916 but the election was deferred until 1917, when he was elected as the Nationalist Party member for Gordon, a seat which he held until 1935, except during the period of proportional representation (1920–1927) when he was a member for Ryde.[3][6] Following his election, Bavin rapidly rose through the parliamentary ranks, becoming deputy leader of the Nationalists in October 1920 and serving as Attorney-General and Minister for Justice in 1921 and Attorney-General of New South Wales from 1922-25. After the Nationalist loss at the 1925 election, Bavin was elected party leader, and therefore Leader of the Opposition. Following an agreement by the Nationalist and Country parties not to stand candidates against each other, the coalition won the 1927 election and Bavin became Premier and Treasurer on 18 October 1927. {{further|Bavin ministry}}During his term as Premier, Bavin introduced the Income Tax (Management) Act (1928), under which the incomes of husband and wife were combined, and a progressive tax was system introduced, angering many of his conservative supporters. In reaction to Labor Party calls to abolish the Legislative Council, Bavin pushed through legislation requiring a referendum to do so. Bavin was plagued by ill-health throughout his Premiership, meaning that he was absent him from Cabinet during crucial times, especially in the wake of the Great Depression after 1929. Faced with a growing number of strikes, Bavin turned to non-unionised labour, which led to violent confrontations between striking workers and police. Following the Nationalists' loss in the 1930 election, Bavin continued to lead the party until 1932, when he joined the newly created United Australia Party. Appointed KCMG in 1933, Bavin retired from politics in 1935 to serve as a Justice of the New South Wales Supreme Court. Bavin also returned to writing, authoring a number of books, including Thomas Rainsford Bavin: Extracts from his Speeches from 1923 until 1932 (1933), and Sir Henry Parkes: His Life and Work (1941). Bavin died of cancer in the Sydney suburb of Bellevue Hill, survived by his wife, son and three daughters.[3] His well-attended funeral was held at St. Andrew's Cathedral, Sydney on 2 September 1941. He was later cremated at Northern Suburbs Crematorium.[7] HonoursBavin was appointed KCMG in 1933.[5] Offices held{{s-start}}{{s-par|au-nsw}}{{s-bef|before=Charles Wade}}{{s-ttl | title=Member for Gordon | years=1917{{ndash}}1920}}{{s-non|reason=District abolished}}{{s-bef| before=William Thompson}}{{s-ttl | title=Member for Ryde| years=1920{{ndash}}1927|with=Anderson, Greig, Henley, Loxton/Sanders}}{{s-aft| after=Henry McDicken}}{{s-new|district}}{{s-ttl | title=Member for Gordon | years=1927{{ndash}}1935}}{{s-aft|after=Philip Goldfinch}}{{s-off}}{{s-bef|before=Edward McTiernan}}{{s-ttl | title=Attorney General of New South Wales | years=1921}}{{s-aft|after=Edward McTiernan}}{{s-bef|before=William McKell}}{{s-ttl | title=Minister for Justice | years=1921}}{{s-aft|after=William McKell}}{{s-bef|before=Edward McTiernan}}{{s-ttl | title=Attorney General of New South Wales | years=1922{{ndash}}1925}}{{s-aft|after=Edward McTiernan}}{{s-bef|before=Sir George Fuller}}{{s-ttl | title=Leader of the Opposition of New South Wales | years=1925{{ndash}}1927}}{{s-aft|after=Jack Lang}}{{succession box|title=Premier of New South Wales|before=Jack Lang|after=Jack Lang|years=1927{{ndash}}1930}}{{s-bef|before=Jack Lang}}{{s-ttl | title=Colonial Treasurer of New South Wales | years=1927{{ndash}}1929}}{{s-aft|after=Sir Bertram Stevens}}{{s-bef|before=Albert Bruntnell}}{{s-ttl | title=Colonial Secretary of New South Wales | years=1929}}{{s-aft|after=Frank Chaffey}}{{s-bef|before=Jack Lang}}{{s-ttl | title=Leader of the Opposition of New South Wales | years=1930{{ndash}}1932}}{{s-aft|after=Sir Bertram Stevens}}{{S-ppo}}{{S-bef| before= Sir George Fuller }}{{S-ttl|title= Leader of the Nationalist Party | years =1925{{ndash}}1931}}{{s-non | reason= Merged into UAP }}{{S-new|party}}{{S-ttl|title= Leader of the United Australia Party | years =1931{{ndash}}1932}}{{s-aft|after=Sir Bertram Stevens}}{{s-end}}References1. ^Newington College Register of Past Students 1863-1998 (Syd, 1999) pp10 {{Premiers of New South Wales}}{{Treasurers of New South Wales}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Bavin, Thomas Rainsford}}2. ^Ancestors of Rev. Rainsford Bavin and Emma Buddle. Retrieved 22 June 2012 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite web | first=John | last=McCarthy | title =Bavin, Sir Thomas Rainsford | publisher =Australian National University | work=Australian Dictionary of Biography | url =http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A070213b.htm?hilite=Bavin | accessdate = 27 September 2007}} 4. ^1 {{cite web | first=Percival | last=Serle | title =Bavin, Sir Thomas Rainsford | publisher =Project Gutenberg Australia | work=Dictionary of Australian Biography | url =http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks15/1500721h/0-dict-biogBa.html#bavin1 | accessdate = 23 August 2007}} 5. ^1 {{cite web | title =Guide to the Papers of Sir Thomas Bavin, Biographical Note | publisher =National Library of Australia | url =http://www.nla.gov.au/ms/findaids/0560.html | accessdate = 1 May 2007}} 6. ^{{cite web | title =Sir Thomas Rainsford Bavin (1874 - 1941) | work =Members of Parliament | publisher =Parliament of New South Wales | url =http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/members.nsf/1fb6ebed995667c2ca256ea100825164/cdb5e8448533a362ca256c830002ea08?OpenDocument | accessdate = 1 May 2007}} 7. ^Sydney Morning Herald- Funeral Notice - Thomas Rainsford Bavin. 2 September 1941, Page 12. 20 : 1874 births|1941 deaths|Converts to Anglicanism from Methodism|Premiers of New South Wales|Nationalist Party of Australia members of the Parliament of New South Wales|Members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly|University of Sydney alumni|University of Tasmania faculty|Staff of Newington College|People educated at Newington College|Judges of the Supreme Court of New South Wales|Australian Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George|Australian politicians awarded knighthoods|Deaths from cancer in New South Wales|People educated at Auckland Grammar School|Leaders of the Opposition in New South Wales|Treasurers of New South Wales|People from Kaiapoi|New Zealand emigrants to Australia|United Australia Party members of the Parliament of New South Wales |
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