“Thomas Begley”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Thomas Begley (10 November 1970 – 23 October 1993), was a member of the Belfast Brigade of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA). Begley was killed when a bomb he was planting on the Shankill Road, West Belfast, Northern Ireland exploded prematurely, killing him, a UDA member and eight civilians, including two children.

Background

Begley was born in the nationalist Ardoyne area of north Belfast. Begley not only believed in Irish republicanism but also in republicanism. In January 1993 Begley joined the IRA and was noted by his commanders for his eagerness and determination in comprehending the murderous techniques and methods used by more senior members of his brigade.^[1]

Paramilitary activity

Begley was linked to the killing of Royal Irish Regiment soldier Stephen Waller on 30 December 1992, at Waller's home in Belfast. He was identified by Waller's wife.^[2]

The IRA's Belfast Brigade launched an operation to assassinate the UDA's top commanders, whom it believed were at the meeting. As they believed the meeting was being held in the room above the shop, the bomb was designed to send the blast upwards. .^[3] It had an eleven-second fuse, which was not enough to allow anyone from the busy shankill road shop (on a busy Saturday) to evacuate.

Begley and two other IRA members from the Ardoyne area hijacked a blue Ford Escort and drove it to the fish shop. When they arrived, Begley and Sean Kelly, wearing the white coats and caps of delivery men, entered the shop carrying the bomb. Begley was killed when the bomb exploded prematurely killing him and nine others. Forensic evidence pointed to Begley holding the five pound bomb, which had an 11-second fuse, above the refrigerated serving counter at the fish shop when it exploded. Kelly was convicted of murder for his part in the Shankill Road bombing.^[4]

Funeral

IRA member Eddie Copeland was shot and injured when a British Army soldier fired 20 live rounds in a crowd of mourners who were attending Begley's wake in north Belfast. Private Andrew Clarke, 27 from Merseyside, who fired the shots, was later jailed for ten years for attempted murder.^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8] At Begley's funeral, Sinn Féin leader Gerry Adams carried Begley's coffin, which caused angry backlash from some quarters, including the victims' families.^[9]^[10]

Aftermath

Violence erupted in Northern Ireland in the weeks after Begley's death. The UDA stated that they would obtain revenge for the attack and claimed "John Hume, Gerry Adams and the nationalist electorate will pay a heavy, heavy price for today's atrocity." Within 12 hours of the Shankill bombing, a 22-year-old male Catholic civilian was shot and killed, and within a week five others were also killed.^[11]

In 2001, residents of the loyalist Glenbryn estate displayed a banner, on the eighth anniversary of Begley's bombing, with the words "Walk of Shame", and photographs of those killed by the bomb attached, as riot police escorted schoolgirls and their parents along Ardoyne Road during the Holy Cross dispute.^[12]

A mural dedicated to dead IRA members, including Begley, was painted in Ardoyne Avenue, near the Begley family home.^[13] In October 2013, 20 years after the fish shop bombing, a plaque commemorating Begley was unveiled in the republican Ardoyne section of North Belfast.^[14]

References

1. ^Tírghrá, National Commemoration Centre, 2002. PB) {{ISBN|0-9542946-0-2}} p.358
2. ^McKittrick, David. Lost Lives. Mainstream, 1999, pp. 1304–05
3. ^[https://www.theguardian.com/uk_news/story/0,3604,350605,00.html "Freed Shankill bomber regrets 'accident'"]. The Guardian, 5 August 2000. Retrieved 17 October 2013.
4. ^A Secret History of the IRA, Ed Moloney, 2002. (PB) {{ISBN|0-393-32502-4}}; (HB); {{ISBN|0-7139-9665-X}}, p. 415
5. ^Leading Republican awarded almost £28,000 shooting by soldier, Raidió Teilifís Éireann. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
6. ^IRA bosses force out godfather of terror, nuzhound.com, 22 June 2003. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
7. ^Events of 1995 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061207053641/http://www.uhb.fr/langues/cei/chron95.htm |date=7 December 2006 }}
8. ^Ardoyne – The Untold Truth – Conclusion Ardoyne Commemoration Project (2002), cain.ulst.ac.uk. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
9. ^The Crying Game {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20120526234825/www.time.com/time/magazine/printout/0,8816,162636,00.html |date=26 May 2012 }}, Time. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
10. ^I only want justice says bomb victims' daughter, BBC. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
11. ^Remembering a black week in our history, nuzhound.com, 21 October 2003.
12. ^Bombing marked by school protesters, BBC. Retrieved 23 October 2015.
13. ^A Directory of Murals – Album 55, cain.ulst.ac.uk. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
14. ^[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-24599485 Shankill bomber Thomas Begley commemorated amid loyalist protest], BBC. Retrieved 31 October 2015.