| 词条 | Thomas Hayton Mawson |
| 释义 |
Thomas Hayton Mawson (5 May 1861 – 14 November 1933), known as T. H. Mawson, was a British garden designer, landscape architect, and town planner. Personal lifeMawson was born in Nether Wyresdale, Lancashire, and left school at age 12. His father, who died in 1877, was a warper in a cotton mill and later started a building business. He married Anna Prentice in 1884 and the Mawsons made their family home in Windermere, Westmorland, in 1885. They had four sons and five daughters.[1] His eldest son, Edward Prentice Mawson, was a successful landscape architect and took over the running of his father's firm[1][3] when his father developed Parkinson's disease in 1923. Another son, John Mawson, moved to New Zealand in 1928 as Director of Town Planning for that country.[1] Mawson died at Applegarth, Hest Bank, near Lancaster, Lancashire, aged 72, and is buried in Bowness Cemetery within a few miles of some of his best gardens and overlooking Windermere. Working lifeTo make a living, he worked first in the building trade in Lancaster, then at a London nursery where he gained experience in landscape gardening. In the 1880s he moved back north, where he and two brothers started the Lakeland Nursery in Windermere. The firm became sufficiently successful for him to be able to turn his attention to garden design. Mawson's first commission was a local property, Graythwaite Hall, and his work there showed his hallmark blend of architecture and planting. He went on to design other gardens in Cumbria such as Langdale Chase, Holehird,[1] Brockhole,[2] and Holker Hall around the turn of the century. In 1891 Mawson was commissioned to design and construct Belle Vue Park in Newport, Monmouthshire, Mawson's first win in an open competition. His design was, in fact, designed for the neighbouring field, the site of the then Newport and Monmouthshire Hospital after Mawson misunderstood directions on his first visit. The mistake was not realised until the first site visit, after the contract had been awarded. Between 1894 and 1909 Mawson was commissioned to design and construct Dyffryn Gardens near Cardiff. The Rushton Hall estate in Northamptonshire has early 20th century formal terraced gardens designed by Mawson between 1905–1909 and implemented by his brother Robert. In 1908 Mawson was enlisted to design the main public park in the new town of Barrow-in-Furness. Later Mawson designed gardens in various parts of Britain, and others in Europe and Canada. In London he designed gardens at The Hill, in Hampstead for Lord Leverhulme. The impressive 800 ft long pergola is now open to the public as part of the West Heath. He designed Rivington Gardens and Lever Park in Lancashire also for Lord Leverhulme.[3] Padiham Memorial Park (1921) was another commission in Lancashire. Mawson also designed the gardens at Wood Hall near Cockermouth, Cumbria, which were completed in 1920. Much of this garden still survives today. From 1910 to 1924 he lectured frequently at the school of civic design, Liverpool University.[4] He also contributed articles on garden design to The Studio magazine and its annual The Studio Year Book of Decorative Art. In the 1920s he designed gardens for Dunira, a country house in Perthshire.[5] In 1923 he became president of the Town Planning Institute, and in 1929 the first president of the Institute of Landscape Architects. International workIn 1908 he won a competition to lay out the Peace Palace gardens at The Hague. He also advised on the development of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in the United States. In 1912 Mawson toured several Canadian cities, beginning in Halifax and ending up in Victoria, British Columbia. As well as giving talks, he proposed several (unaccepted) designs including for Wascana Centre in Regina, Brockton Point lighthouse, Coal Harbour and Lost Lagoon in Vancouver, and urban design plans for Banff and downtown Calgary. Mawson's vision for Calgary, had it been implemented, would have changed what was then a dusty prairie town, into a city of the City Beautiful movement.[6][7] LegacyWith the passage of time some of the original features have deteriorated.[8] A number of Mawson's parks have been restored, sometimes on a one-off basis and sometimes as part of wider initiatives such as the "Parks for People" programme for historic parks and cemeteries in the UK.[9] Examples of restorations include:
ArchiveMore than 14,000 plans and drawings together with 6,500 glass plate negatives and photographs comprise the archive of Mawson documents. They are stored at Kendal Record Office having been offered to the Cumbria Archive Service following the closure of Thomas H. Mawson & Son of Lancaster and Windermere in 1978. As at 2010, the material had not been fully catalogued and conservation was proving difficult.[11] Selected writings
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Footnotes1. ^Holehird House, Troutbeck, Cumbria 2. ^Brockhole, Cumbria 3. ^{{Harvnb|Waymark|2009|pp=77–81}} 4. ^1 2 3 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 5. ^{{Historic Environment Scotland|num=GDL00156|desc=Dunira|access-date=1 April 2019}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aala.ab.ca/profession/the-origins|title=The Origins of Landscape Architecture in Canada|publisher= The Alberta Association of Landscape Architects|accessdate=25 May 2012}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://caa.ucalgary.ca/mawsonreportpart1|title=The Mawson Report|publisher=University of Calgary|accessdate=25 May 2012}} 8. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.cwherald.com/a/archive/recreating-mawson-s-historic-rydal-hall-garden.341305.html | title=Recreating Mawson's historic Rydal Hall garden | publisher=Cumberland and Westmorland Herald | accessdate=29 November 2013}} 9. ^1 {{cite press release | url=http://www.landscapeinstitute.org.uk/PDF/Contribute/LIAWARDS2012HeritageConservationcategorypressrelease.pdf | title=Three lottery funded parks | publisher=Landscape Institute | accessdate=27 November 2013}} 10. ^Burslem Park 11. ^1 {{Cite web |url=http://www.thomasmawson.co.uk |title=The Thomas Mawson Archive at Kendal Record Office |dead-url=usurped |access-date=1 January 2011}} Bibliography{{refbegin}}
External links
6 : 1861 births|1933 deaths|British landscape architects|People from Windermere, Cumbria|People from Garstang|Presidents of the Royal Town Planning Institute |
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