| 词条 | Thomas Story Kirkbride |
| 释义 |
|name = Thomas Story Kirkbride |image = Thomas Story Kirkbride 001.jpg |caption = Kirkbride, physician and advocate for the mentally ill. |birth_date = {{Birth date|1809|07|31}} |birth_place = Morrisville, Pennsylvania |death_date = {{Death date and age|1883|12|16|1809|07|09}} |death_place = Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |other_names = |known_for = Kirkbride Plan |occupation = Physician |nationality = American |alma_mater = University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine }}Thomas Story Kirkbride (July 31, 1809{{spaced ndash}}December 16, 1883) was a physician, advocate for the mentally ill, and founder of the Association of Medical Superintendents of American Institutions for the Insane (AMSAII), a precursor to the American Psychiatric Association.[1][2][3] Early careerBorn into a Quaker family in Morrisville, Pennsylvania.[4] He began a study of medicine in 1828 under Dr. Nicholas Belleville, of Trenton, New Jersey when he was eighteen.[5][6] After receiving a medical degree from the University of Pennsylvania in 1832, Kirkbride had his own practice from 1835 to 1840.[5][6] PsychiatryIn 1840 Kirkbride became superintendent of the Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane.[1][5][6] In 1844, Kirkbride helped to found AMSAII, becoming secretary and treasurer, and subsequently its president from 1862 to 1870.[2][7] Kirkbride pioneered what would be known as the Kirkbride Plan, to improve medical care for the insane, as a standardization for buildings that housed the patients.[8] Kirkbride's influential work, On the Construction, Organization, and General Arrangements of Hospitals for the Insane with Some Remarks on Insanity and Its Treatment,[9] was published in 1854, and again in 1880.[5] Kirkbride's ideas brought about mixed feelings in both patients and peers.[2][5] Some in the medical community saw his theories and ideas as stubbornly clinging to ideals that hindered medical progress,[2] while others supported his ideas, and saw them change the treatment philosophy for the mentally insane.[8] In his patients, he sometimes inspired fear and anger, even to the point that one attempted to murder him,[2] but he also believed that the mentally ill could be treated, and possibly cured, and in fact Kirkbride, after the death of his first wife, married a former patient.[2][5] Kirkbride died of pneumonia on December 16, 1883 at his home at the Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane.[2] Kirkbride architectureKirkbride was an advocate of building hospitals for the mentally ill in a style which he believed promoted recovery and healing. This style was used on many late 19th century hospitals, including St. Elizabeths Hospital in Washington, D.C.[25] Many of these buildings, designed by leading architects of the time, are in ruins or decay.[10] An estate, now known as "The Village",[11] previously Traverse City State Hospital, was saved from destruction and restored.[12] Personal lifeKirkbride was married to Ann West Jenks in 1839. Together, they had two children - Ann, born in 1840, and Joseph John, born in 1842.[13] DeathKirkbride died of pneumonia on December 16, 1883 at his home at the Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane.[2] References1. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.uphs.upenn.edu/paharc/timeline/1801/tline14.html|title=Dr. Thomas Story Kirkbride|accessdate=November 28, 2008|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Health System|year=2008|author=Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania }} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{Cite web|url=http://www.kirkbridebuildings.com/about/kirkbride.html|title=Dr. Thomas Story Kirkbride|accessdate=November 28, 2008|publisher=Kirkbride Buildings|year=2008|author=KirkbrideBuildings.com}} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.uphs.upenn.edu/paharc/features/tkirkbride.html|title=The Story of the Magic Lantern|accessdate=November 28, 2008|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Health System|year=2008|author=Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania }} 4. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=4lIXAQAAMAAJ&dq=%22Thomas%20Story%20Kirkbride%22&pg=PA119#v=onepage&q&f=false The American Journal of Insanity] Vol. 55 p. 120 (1898) 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book |author=Tomes, Nancy |title=The Art of Asylum-Keeping: Thomas Story Kirkbride and the origins of American Psychiatry |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |location=Philadelphia |year=1994 |isbn=0-8122-1539-7|accessdate= |page=387}} 6. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=http://www.uchs.net/HistoricDistricts/kirkbride.html|title=Kirkbride's Hospital|accessdate=November 28, 2008|publisher=University City Historical Society|year=1975|author=Richard E. Greenwood}} 7. ^{{Cite AMB1920|wstitle=Kirkbride, Thomas Story}} 8. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.trans-alleghenylunaticasylum.com/main/history3.html|title=Building as Cure|accessdate=November 28, 2008|publisher=Trans-Allegheny Lunatic Asylum|year=2008|author=TALA}} 9. ^On the Construction, Organization, and General Arrangements of Hospitals for the Insane with Some Remarks on Insanity and Its Treatment, 10. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZZarZHtX4_EC&lpg=PA76&dq=%22Thomas%20Story%20Kirkbride%22&pg=PA77#v=onepage&q=%22Thomas%20Story%20Kirkbride%22&f=false "Adventures in the Forbidden Zone"] (Mar 2007) Popular Photography Vol.71, No.3 p.75 11. ^The Village, Grand Traverse Commons 12. ^1 [https://books.google.com/books?id=Orc-yqkHzKAC&pg=PA45&dq=%22Thomas+Story+Kirkbride%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=VxD-U6y3GdK2ogTxlIDYAQ&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAg "The Kirkbride Connection" (Nov-Dec 2007) Old-House Journal p.45] 13. ^Anne West Kirkbride External links
10 : American psychiatrists|American Quakers|1809 births|1883 deaths|Kirkbride Plan hospitals|Physicians from Philadelphia|Presidents of the American Psychiatric Association|People from Morrisville, Pennsylvania|Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania alumni|Deaths from pneumonia |
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