| 词条 | Thor amboinensis |
| 释义 |
| name = Thor amboinensis | image = Squat shrimp Nick Hobgood.jpg | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Arthropoda | subphylum = Crustacea | classis = Malacostraca | ordo = Decapoda | infraordo = Caridea | familia = Hippolytidae | genus = Thor | species = T. amboinensis | binomial = Thor amboinensis | binomial_authority = (de Man, 1888) [1] | synonyms =
| synonyms_ref = [1] }}Thor amboinensis, commonly known as the squat shrimp or sexy shrimp, is a species of shrimp found across the Indo-West Pacific and in parts of the Atlantic Ocean. It lives symbiotically on corals, sea anemones and other marine invertebrates in shallow reef communities.[2] DescriptionThor amboinensis is a small shrimp growing to a length of about {{convert|13|mm|1}}. It is an olive brown colour with symmetrically placed white patches edged with thin blue lines. It characteristically carries its abdomen curved upwards with its tail fan above its head.[3]DistributionThough it is named for Ambon or Amboyna Island, one of the Maluku Islands in Indonesia, Thor amboinensis has a pantropical distribution being found in the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, Madeira and the Canary Islands.[1] EcologyThor amboinensis forms a commensal relationship with another invertebrate, usually a shallow water sea anemone or mushroom coral.[4] The species most often used as host in Bermuda include the carpet anemone (Stichodactyla haddoni), the stinging anemone (Lebrunia danae) and the adhesive anemone (Cryptodendrum adhaesivum). One or several shrimps live among the tentacles of their host, feeding on the tentacle tissue and on the mucus-trapped planktonic particles adhering to it.[5] In the Bahamas, Thor amboinensis forms part of an assemblage of symbiotic invertebrates associated with the anemone Lebrunia danae. Each shrimp, crab and brittle star inhabits its own part of the sea anemone and Thor amboinensis is found hidden deep among the pseudotentacles.[6]Life cycleThe female Thor amboinensis carries the fertilised eggs under her abdomen until they are ready to hatch. The zoea larvae pass through several stages and, before undergoing metamorphosis, are attracted by both chemical cues in the water and visual cues which cause them to settle near potential host anemones.[7] Researchers found that the larvae of Thor amboinensis were generalists, being attracted by and accepting several different species of anemone as hosts. In some experiments they had a preference for the species of anemone from which the parent shrimp had been collected.[8] AquariaThor amboinensis is a popular species for marine aquaria. Sexy shrimp are often kept in groups of three or more, due to their small size, a quality that also makes them popular nano reef inhabitants. They will readily host in any anemones present in the aquarium and if an anemone is not available, may host in certain types of coral. Sexy shrimp will scavenge for meaty food scraps, like mysis shrimp, clam, and other prepared fish foods. If a host cnidarian is present, they may feed on the host's mucous.[9][10]References1. ^1 2 {{cite WoRMS |author=Sammy De Grave, Charles Fransen & Michael Türkay |year=2013 |title=Thor amboinensis (De Man, 1888) |id=107534 |accessdate=October 25, 2013}} 2. ^{{cite book |editor=David Ross Stoddart |year=1984 |title=Biogeography and ecology of the Seychelles Islands |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-90-6193-107-2 |chapter=Marine caridean shrimps of the Seychelles |author=A. J. Bruce |pages=141–169 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hAu6qogRHloC&pg=PA158}} 3. ^{{cite web|last1=Ruzanski|first1=Genna|last2=Wood|first2=James|title=Squat Shrimp (Thor amboinensis)|url=http://www.thecephalopodpage.org/MarineInvertebrateZoology/Thoramboinensis.html|work=Marine Invertebrates of Bermuda |accessdate=30 November 2014}} 4. ^{{cite journal |author=Bos AR, Hoeksema BW |year=2015 |title= Cryptobenthic fishes and co-inhabiting shrimps associated with the mushroom coral Heliofungia actiniformis (Fungiidae) in the Davao Gulf, Philippines |journal= Environmental Biology of Fishes |volume=98 |issue=6 |pages=1479–1489 |publisher= |doi= 10.1007/s10641-014-0374-0|pmid= |pmc= |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269147629_Cryptobenthic_fishes_and_co-inhabiting_shrimps_associated_with_the_mushroom_coral_Heliofungia_actiniformis_%28Fungiidae%29_in_the_Davao_Gulf_Philippines}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.thecephalopodpage.org/marineinvertebratezoology/thoramboinensis.html |title=Squat shrimp (Thor amboinensis) |author=Genna Ruzanski |work=Marine Invertebrates of Bermuda |accessdate=2012-10-17}} 6. ^{{cite journal |author=William Herrnkind, Gregg Stanton & Edwin Conklin |year=1976 |title=Initial characterization of the commensal complex associated with the anemone, Lebrunia danae, at Grand Bahama |journal=Bulletin of Marine Science |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=65–71 |url=http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/umrsmas/bullmar/1976/00000026/00000001/art00009}} 7. ^{{cite journal |author=Dale Sarver |year=1979 |title=Larval culture of the shrimp Thor amboinensis (De Man, 1888) with reference to its symbiosis with the anemone Antheopsis papillosa (Kwietniewski, 1898) |journal=Crustaceana |volume=Suppl. 5 |pages=176–178 |jstor=25027500}} 8. ^{{cite journal |author=Chau-Chih Guo, Jiang-Shiou Hwang & Daphne Gail Fautin |year=1996 |title=Host selection by shrimps symbiotic with sea anemones |journal=Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology |volume=202 |issue=2 |pages=165–176 |doi=10.1016/0022-0981(96)00020-2 |url=http://web.nhm.ku.edu/inverts/pdf/Guo_Hwang_Fautin_1996.pdf |format=PDF}} 9. ^{{cite journal|last1=Aspinall|first1=Richard|title=Keeping Sexy Shrimp|journal=Tropical Fish Hobbyist Magazine|issue=August 2012|page=95|url=http://www.tfhmagazine.com/details/articles/keeping-sexy-shrimp-full-article.htm|accessdate=23 November 2014}} 10. ^{{cite web|title=Sexy Shrimp|url=http://en.microcosmaquariumexplorer.com/wiki/Sexy_Shrimp|website=Microcosm Aquarium Explorer|publisher=Microcosm Ltd.|accessdate=23 November 2014}} External links{{Portal|Crustaceans}}
8 : Alpheoidea|Crustaceans of the Atlantic Ocean|Marine fauna of Africa|Marine fauna of Asia|Marine fauna of Oceania|Marine fauna of Southeast Asia|Crustaceans described in 1888|Pantropical fauna |
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