| 词条 | First Army (United Kingdom) |
| 释义 |
|unit_name= First Army |image=British 1st Army Formation Badge.svg |image_size = 150px |caption=1st Army formation badge WWII. |dates= First World War 1914–1918 Second World War 1942–1943 |country= {{flag|United Kingdom}} |allegiance= |branch= {{army|United Kingdom}} |type= Army |role= |size=Field army |command_structure= |garrison= |equipment= |current_commander= |ceremonial_chief= |colonel_of_the_regiment= |notable_commanders= Douglas Haig Sir Henry Rawlinson Kenneth Anderson |identification_symbol= |identification_symbol_2= |nickname= |patron= |motto= |colors= |march= |mascot= |battles= World War I Western Front World War II Operation Torch Tunisia Campaign |anniversaries= |decorations= |battle_honours= }} The First Army was a formation of the British Army that existed during the First and Second World Wars. The First Army included Indian and Portuguese forces during the First World War and American and French units during the Second World War. First World WarThe First Army was part of the British Army during the First World War and was formed on 26 December 1914 when the corps of the British Expeditionary Force were divided into the First Army under Lieutenant-General Sir Douglas Haig and the Second Army under Horace Smith-Dorrien.[1] First Army had the Ist, IVth and the Indian Corps under command.[2] The First Army suffered reverses at Vimy Ridge in May 1916 and at Fromelles the following month. From 1917, the First Army also included the Portuguese Expeditionary Corps. The First Army took part in the 1918 offensive that drove the Germans back and virtually ended the war. Commanders
Second World WarThe British First Army was reformed during the Second World War. It was formed to command the American and British land forces which had landed as part of Operation Torch, the Allied invasion of French North Africa, in Morocco and Algeria on 8 November 1942. It was commanded by Lieutenant-General Sir Kenneth Anderson. The First Army headquarters was formally activated on 9 November 1942 when Anderson arrived in Algiers to assume command of the redesignated Eastern Task Force.[3] The First Army initially consisted of American and British formations only. After the surrender of French forces following the German abrogation of their armistice agreement with Vichy France, French units were also added to the First Army's order of battle. It eventually consisted of four corps, the US II Corps, the British V Corps, British IX Corps and French XIX Corps. After the landings, Anderson's forces rushed east in a bid to capture Tunis and Bizerte before German forces could reach the two cities in large numbers. They failed. Following that lack of success, a period of consolidation was forced upon them. The logistics support for the First Army was greatly improved and bases for its accompanying aircraft greatly multiplied. By the time General Sir Bernard Montgomery's British Eighth Army approached the Tunisian border from the east, following its long pursuit of Generalfeldmarschall Erwin Rommel's forces after El Alamein, the First Army was again ready to strike. Supported by elements of XII Tactical Air Command and No. 242 Group RAF, the First Army carried the main weight of General Sir Harold Alexander's 18th Army Group's offensive to conclude the Tunisian Campaign and finish Axis forces in North Africa off. The victory was won in May 1943 in a surrender that, in numbers captured at least, equalled Stalingrad. Shortly after the surrender, the First Army was disbanded, having served its purpose. Commanders
See also{{Portal|World War II}}
Notes1. ^The British Armies of 1914–1918 2. ^THE SILENT GENERAL: HORNE OF THE FIRST ARMY, Don Farr, P.39 3. ^Playfair, p. 153. 4. ^Meade, p.59 5. ^British Military History 6. ^Orders of Battle References
7 : Military units and formations established in 1914|Military units and formations disestablished in 1943|1914 establishments in the United Kingdom|Field armies of the United Kingdom|Field armies of the United Kingdom in World War I|Field armies of the United Kingdom in World War II|Military units and formations of the British Empire in World War II |
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