| 词条 | Timothy D. Snyder |
| 释义 |
|name = Timothy D. Snyder |image = Timothy Snyder lecture 2016 2.jpg |image_size = |caption = Snyder in 2016 at Imre Kertész Kolleg Jena |birth_name = Timothy David Snyder |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1969|8|18}} |birth_place = Ohio, United States |death_date = |death_place = |nationality = |ethnicity = |sub_discipline = History of Eastern Europe |workplaces = {{unbulleted list | Yale University | London School of Economics and Political Science | College of Europe}} |alma_mater = {{unbulleted list | Brown University | Balliol College, Oxford}} |doctoral_advisor = |academic_advisors = |doctoral_students = |notable_students = |known_for = |influences = |influenced = |children = 2 |spouse = {{marriage|Marci Shore|2005}} |awards = American Historical Association's George Louis Beer Award (2003),[1] Hannah Arendt Prize (2013), The VIZE 97 Prize (2015) |signature = |footnotes = }} Timothy David Snyder (born 1969) is an American author and historian specializing in the history of Central and Eastern Europe, and the Holocaust. He is the Richard C. Levin Professor of History at Yale University and a Permanent Fellow at the Institute for Human Sciences in Vienna.[2] Snyder is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Conscience of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Early life and educationSnyder was born on August 18, 1969,[3] in southwestern Ohio, the son of Christine (Hadley), a homemaker, and Estel Eugene Snyder, a veterinarian.[4] Snyder graduated from Centerville High School. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree in history and political science from Brown University and his Doctor of Philosophy degree in modern history in 1995 at the University of Oxford, supervised by Timothy Garton Ash and Jerzy Jedlicki. He was a Marshall Scholar at Balliol College, Oxford, from 1991 to 1994.[5] Academic careerSnyder has held fellowships at the Centre national de la recherche scientifique in Paris from 1994 to 1995, the Institut für die Wissenschaften vom Menschen in Vienna in 1996, the Olin Institute for Strategic Studies at Harvard University in 1997, and was an Academy Scholar at the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs at Harvard University from 1998 to 2001. He has also been an instructor at the College of Europe Natolin Campus, the Baron Velge Chair at the Université libre de Bruxelles, the Cleveringa Chair at the University of Leiden, Philippe Romain Chair at the London School of Economics, and the 2013 René Girard Lecturer at Stanford University.[6][7][8] Prior to assuming the Richard C. Levin Professorship of History, Snyder was the Bird White Housum Professor of History at Yale University. Snyder can speak and write French, German, Polish, and Ukrainian in addition to English, and read Czech, Slovak, Russian, and Belarusian. He is a member of the Committee on Conscience of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.[9] WorkSnyder has written five books and co-edited two. One of the latter, Thinking the Twentieth Century (2012), was written with Tony Judt while Judt was in the late stages of his illness with ALS disease.[10] Snyder has published essays in publications such as the International Herald Tribune, The Nation, New York Review of Books,[11] the Times Literary Supplement, The New Republic, Eurozine, Tygodnik Powszechny, the Chicago Tribune, and the Christian Science Monitor. Snyder says that he has a reading and/or speaking knowledge of eleven European languages. This enabled him to use primary and archival sources in Germany and Central Europe in researching his book, Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin (2010). Reviewer Igor Lukes noted: A word about sources. Snyder introduces his Bibliography with an impressive list of seventeen archival collections located in six countries. Yet a closer look at the text and endnotes reveals that evidence drawn from archives represents but a small fraction of this book's evidentiary apparatus. This is a project built on secondary sources. The point is that many of Snyder's secondary sources are of the kind that even many specialists are unlikely to have seen, which is hardly surprising because Snyder can do research in ten languages, some pretty exotic. Bloodlands takes nuggets from each source, then assembles them into an original mosaic. Almost every paragraph of the book's eleven chapters is supported by one or several previously underutilized secondary sources.[12] Snyder says that knowing other languages is very important: If you don't know Russian, you don't really know what you're missing. ... We can only see as much, and we can only go as far as our languages take us. I wrote this book in English, but there are very important conversations that are happening in German, Russian, Polish and so on among those historians, and the book is addressed to all of them.[13]{{external media |width=210px |float=right |headerimage= |video1=[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eKFObB6_naw Ukraine: From Propaganda to Reality], Chicago Humanities Festival, 57:35, November 14, 2014 |accessdate=July 14, 2017}}Bloodlands has been translated into 20 languages.[14] Snyder is a member of the Committee on Conscience of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. He serves on the editorial boards of the Journal of Modern European History and East European Politics and Societies.[14] For the academic year 2013–2014, he held the Philippe Roman Chair of International History at the London School of Economics and Political Science.[15] Views on Putin regimeIn The Road to Unfreedom, Snyder argues that Vladimir Putin's regime in Russia is authoritarian, and that it uses fascist ideas in its rhetoric.[16] In December 2018, during a discussion with a fellow historian of Eastern Europe, John Connelly, Snyder referred to this as schizo-fascism: {{quote|...fascist ideas have come to Russia at a historical moment, three generations after the Second World War, when it’s impossible for Russians to think of themselves as fascist. The entire meaning of the war in Soviet education was as an anti-fascist struggle, where the Russians are on the side of the good and the fascists are the enemy. So there’s this odd business, which I call in the book “schizo-fascism,” where people who are themselves unambiguously fascists refer to others as fascists.[17]}}His view was questioned by Marlene Laruelle, Research Professor at The George Washington University: "Contrary to [Snyder's] claims, the Kremlin does not live in an ideological world inspired by Nazi Germany, but in one in which the Yalta decades, the Gorbachev-Yeltsin years, and the collapse of the Soviet Union still constitute the main historical referents and traumas."[18] Views on Trump administrationAsked about how the agenda of the Trump administration compared with the Adolf Hitler's rise to power, Snyder said that: {{"|[H]istory does not repeat. But it does offer us examples and patterns, and thereby enlarges our imaginations and creates more possibilities for anticipation and resistance.[19]}} In a May 2017 interview with Salon, he warned that the Trump Administration will attempt to subvert democracy by declaring a state of emergency and take full control of the government, similar to Hitler's Reichstag fire: "it’s pretty much inevitable that they will try."[20] According to Snyder, "Trump's campaign for president of the United States was basically a Russian operation."[21] TeachingSnyder teaches a two-part lecture course at Yale covering the history of Eastern Europe pre- and post-1914, a critical turning point in world affairs. In the past he has also taught an undergraduate seminar on communism in Eastern Europe.[22] Personal lifeSince 2005, Snyder has been married to Marci Shore, a professor of European cultural and intellectual history at Yale University. Snyder and Shore have two children together.[23] Awards
Selected works
See also
References1. ^George Louis Beer Prize American Historical Association (homepage), Retrieved November 30, 2012 2. ^Ian Kershaw and Timothy Snyder to be honoured with Leipzig Book Prize for European Understanding 2012 Leipzig.de, January 16, 2012 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305133627/http://www.leipzig.de/int/en/newsarchiv/2012/Ian-Kershaw-and-Timothy-Snyder-to-be-honoured-with-Leipzig-Book-Prize-for-European-Understanding-2012-21955.shtml |date=March 5, 2012}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://authorities.loc.gov/ |title=Library of Congress Authorities |work=LCNAF Cataloging in Publication data - LC Control Number: no 98080445 |publisher=LOC |accessdate=January 22, 2010}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=rnDWBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA349&lpg=PA349&dq=%22Estel+Eugene+Snyder+and+Christine+Hadley+Snyder%22&source=bl&ots=6Iv2R0d2qK&sig=VkdllMOJ6o-VRMueHj6BtXhxX_M&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwic6MKS9PfSAhVr4oMKHer5DNgQ6AEIFDAA |title="Estel Eugene Snyder and Christine Hadley Snyder" |author= |date= |website=Google Books |accessdate=April 16, 2017}} 5. ^"Timothy Snyder Receives 2011 Ralph Waldo Emerson Award", The Phi Beta Kappa Society, 05 December 2011 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://history.yale.edu/people/timothy-snyder |title="Professor Timothy Snyder" |author= |date= |website=Yale University |accessdate=July 30, 2017}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://news.stanford.edu/news/2013/march/snyder-girard-lecture-030613.html |title="Timothy Snyder, author of Bloodlands, to speak at Stanford on March 13" |author= |date= |website=Stanford University |accessdate= July 30, 2017}} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.lse.ac.uk/IDEAS/people/Philippe-Roman-Chair/TimothySnyder.aspx |title="Timothy Snyder" |author= |date= |website=London School of Economics |accessdate=July 30, 2017}} 9. ^{{cite web |url=http://history.yale.edu/people/timothy-snyder |title="Professor Timothy Snyder" |author= |date= |website=Yale University |accessdate=July 30, 2017}} 10. ^{{cite news|url=http://nymag.com/news/features/64626/index2.html|title=The Liveliest Mind in New York|work=New York}} 11. ^List of articles by Snyder in The New York Review of Books 12. ^Igor Lukes, "Timothy Snyder, Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin," Republic of Letters, May 2011., May 2011 13. ^[https://www.economist.com/blogs/prospero/2011/06/hitler-and-stalin "Timothy Snyder, interviewed by 'Prospero'], The Economist (Books), June 2011 14. ^1 "Best-selling author, historian Timothy Snyder to deliver W. Bruce Lincoln lecture Sept. 19", Northern Illinois University; retrieved October 3, 2012 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lse.ac.uk/IDEAS/people/bios/TimothySnyder.aspx |title=Timothy Snyder - Individual Bios - People - IDEAS - Home |publisher=Lse.ac.uk |date= |accessdate=2014-03-05}} 16. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/570367/the-road-to-unfreedom-by-timothy-snyder/9780525574460|title=The Road to Unfreedom by Timothy Snyder {{!}} PenguinRandomHouse.com: Books|website=PenguinRandomhouse.com|language=en-US|access-date=2019-01-14}} 17. ^{{cite news |title=Public Thinker: Timothy Snyder on Russia and “Dark Globalization” |url=https://www.publicbooks.org/public-thinker-timothy-snyder-on-russia-and-dark-globalization/ |work=Public Books |date=December 7, 2018}} 18. ^{{cite web |title=Is Russia Really “Fascist”? A Comment on Timothy Snyder |url=http://www.ponarseurasia.org/memo/russia-really-fascist-reply-timothy-snyder |publisher=PONARS Eurasia}} 19. ^{{cite interview |others=Matthias Kolb |first=Timothy |last=Snyder |title=We have at most a year to defend American democracy, perhaps less |url=http://international.sueddeutsche.de/post/157058066625/we-have-at-most-a-year-to-defend-american |publisher=Süddeutsche Zeitung |date=February 7, 2017 |accessdate=February 28, 2017}} 20. ^{{cite news |last= Devega|first=Chauncey |date=May 1, 2017 |title=Historian Timothy Snyder: "It’s pretty much inevitable" that Trump will try to stage a coup and overthrow democracy|url=http://www.salon.com/2017/05/01/historian-timothy-snyder-its-pretty-much-inevitable-that-trump-will-try-to-stage-a-coup-and-overthrow-democracy/|work=Salon|location= |accessdate=May 1, 2017}} 21. ^"[https://www.vox.com/conversations/2017/5/22/15663268/donald-trump-democracy-timothy-snyder-fascism-truth Historian Timothy Snyder: Trump's lies are creeping tyranny]". Vox. May 22, 2017. 22. ^{{cite web |title=History: Lecture Courses |url=http://catalog.yale.edu/ycps/subjects-of-instruction/history/#coursestext |publisher=Yale University |date=2016 |accessdate=February 27, 2017}} 23. ^Marriage announcement in Lehigh Valley Morning Call, February 13, 2005 24. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.fnp.org.pl/en/wreczono-nagrody-fundacji-na-rzecz-nauki-polskiej-2018/|title=FNP Prize ceremony|last=|first=|date=|website=Foundation for Polish Science|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.afocr.org/gallery/dagmar-havlova-presents-17th-vize-award-historian-timothy-snyder-prague |title=Dagmar Havlova Presents 17th VIZE Award to Historian Timothy Snyder in Prague |language= |publisher=American Friends of the Czech Republic |date=October 5, 2015 |accessdate=July 30, 2017}} 26. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|url=http://timothysnyder.org/bio |title=Timothy Snyder |language= |publisher=Timothy Snyder |date= |accessdate=July 30, 2017}} 27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.focus.de/regional/bremen/literatur-us-professor-timothy-snyder-erhaelt-hannah-arendt-preis_aid_1078857.html |title=Literatur: US-Professor Timothy Snyder erhält Hannah-Arendt-Preis - Bremen |language=de |publisher=Focus.de |date=22 August 2013 |accessdate=2014-03-05}} 28. ^{{cite web|url=http://prakhin.org/node/40 |title=The Truth about Holocaust & Stalinist Repression Winners |publisher=prakhin.org |date=2014-01-26 |accessdate=2014-03-05}} 29. ^{{cite web|url=https://news.yale.edu/2012/03/16/snyder-book-honored-american-academy-arts-and-letters |title=Snyder book honored by American Academy of Arts and Letters |language= |publisher=Yale University |date=March 16, 2012 |accessdate=July 30, 2017}} External links{{wikiquote}}
11 : 1969 births|Living people|Writers from Ohio|21st-century American historians|Yale University faculty|Harvard Fellows|Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford|Brown University alumni|Marshall Scholars|Antonovych Prize winners|Officers of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。