| 词条 | Tinzaparin sodium |
| 释义 |
| Verifiedfields = changed | Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 409349221 | IUPAC_name = | image = Tinzaparin.svg | caption = n = 1 to 25, R = H or SO3Na, R1 = H, SO3Na or COCH3, R2 = H and R3 = COONa or R2 = COONa and R3 = H | tradename =innohep(R) | Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|tinzaparin_sodium}} | pregnancy_AU = | pregnancy_US = | pregnancy_category = | legal_AU = | legal_CA = | legal_UK = | legal_US = | legal_status = | routes_of_administration = subcutaneous (once daily) | bioavailability = 90% for Anti-Xa activity, 67% for Anti-IIa activity)[1] | protein_bound = | metabolism = minor metabolisation in liver by desulfation and/or depolymerization; excretion via kidneys in almost unchanged form | elimination_half-life = 200 min. for Anti-Xa activity, 257. min for Anti-IIa activity [2] | excretion = | CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|changed|CAS}} | CAS_number = 9041-08-1 | CAS_supplemental = (sodium salt) | ATC_prefix = B01 | ATC_suffix = AB10 | PubChem = | DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}} | DrugBank = | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|changed|FDA}} | UNII = 3S182ET3UA | KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}} | KEGG = D06398 | ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}} | ChEMBL = 1201414 | ChemSpiderID = none | chemical_formula = | molecular_weight = 6500 g/mol (average)[3] }}Tinzaparin is an antithrombotic drug in the heparin group. It is a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) marketed as Innohep worldwide. It has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for once daily treatment and prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE).[4] It can be given subcutaneously by syringe, or intravenously.[5] It was manufactured by Leo pharmaceutical company, who withdrew the product from the US in 2011 due to low sales and a contamination issue.[6] Use in elderlyIn July 2008, the company revised the prescribing information to restrict the use of tinzaparin in patients 90 years of age or older. FDA is concerned that the preliminary data from the IRIS study suggests that the increased risk of mortality is not limited only to patients 90 years of age or older. According to the study Innohep increases the risk of death for elderly patients (i.e., 70 years of age and older) with renal insufficiency. Healthcare professionals should consider the use of alternative treatments to Innohep when treating elderly patients over 70 years of age with renal insufficiency and DVT, PE, or both. Use in pregnancyNo LMWH, except tinzaparin, is licensed for use in gestational hypercoagulability.[7] Still, tinzaparin is often the LMWH of choice in pregnant women.[7] Side effectsBleeding in overdose. There is occasionally bruising at the site of injection. MonitoringTinzaparin does not affect the international normalized ratio (INR), prothrombin time (PT).{{Citation needed|date=September 2011}} Anti-factor Xa levels can be measured, and are often used to monitor tinzaparin. Reversal agentProtamine sulfate will reverse Tinzaparin by 85% per package insert. References1. ^Cheer S.M. et al. Drugs 2004; 64 (13): 1479–1502 2. ^Pedersen P.C. et al. Thromb Res 1991; 61 (5-6): 477-487 3. ^European Pharmacopoeia, 6th Edition, 2008 4. ^Hull et al. NEJM 1992;326,15:975-982 5. ^Farmaceutiska Specialiteter i Sverige - the Swedish official drug catalog. Fass.se > Innohep 6. ^{{Cite web | url=http://www.ashp.org/menu/DrugShortages/DrugsNoLongerAvailable/Bulletin.aspx?id=749 |title = Drug Shortages List}} 7. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.nnuh.nhs.uk/viewdoc.asp?ID=265&t=TrustDoc |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2010-05-15 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612122902/http://www.nnuh.nhs.uk/viewdoc.asp?ID=265&t=TrustDoc |archivedate=12 June 2010 |df=dmy-all }} Therapeutic anticoagulation in pregnancy. Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital (NHS Trust). Reference number CA3017. 9 June 2006 [review June 2009]
External links
1 : Heparins |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。