| 词条 | Tipton Green and Toll End Canals |
| 释义 |
The Tipton Green Branch and Toll End Branch (or Toll End Communication Canal) were narrow canals comprising part of the Birmingham Canal Navigations near Tipton (formerly in Staffordshire), West Midlands, England. These canals no longer exist. HistoryThe Tipton Green Branch was completed around 1805 with 3 locks and a length of quarter of a mile.[1] The Toll End Branch was authorised by Act of Parliament in 1783 (along with the Birmingham and Fazeley Canal, Broadwaters Canal, and several other branches) to provide access to a proposed new coal mine. Work was started from the Broadwaters Canal (now part of the Walsall Canal) but halted in 1784 for eight years, being completed as a closed branch with two locks in 1801.[2] In 1806 it was decided to extend this branch to the Tipton Green Branch with further locks, and in January 1809 the Toll End Communication Canal was completed [2] making the length 1 3/8 miles.[1] In 1829 Thomas Telford's BCN New Main Line (Island Line)cut across the Tipton Green Canal, forming Watery Lane Junction, and creating a de facto Tipton Green Locks Branch of three locks and a Toll End Locks Branch of seven locks. From the later 20th Century Caggy's Boatyard occupied the basin at Watery Lane Junction.[3] The Horseley Ironworks operated their first foundry from a site between the two branches where many iron bridges, including the Engine Arm Aqueduct (1825), two roving bridges at Smethwick Junction (1828) and Galton Bridge, were cast. Having suffered from a century or more of declining traffic due to the advent of trains and then motor vehicles, the Tipton Green Branch became disused in 1960, and the Toll End Branch in 1966, after some of the locks along the canal became immovable.[4] The locks and canals were infilled in 1968. The Tipton Green locks were lined with houses which were built around the mid 19th century, but these were demolished around the time of the canal's closure. The brick base of one lock on the Tipton Green canal, however, remains in existence, forming part of a public footpath that followed the course of the canal and was opened in about 1975. One part of the Toll End canal has since been occupied by the car park of a factory in Toll End Road. There is also an "open" drain along the route of the canal at the back of Tipton Cemetery, but apart from this the canal has been almost totally obliterated. Almost all of the bridges are still in existence, apart from the bridge on Bridge Road which carried the road under the Toll End Canal. This bridge was replaced with a flat road several years after the canal was filled in. Route{{PoIgb start|type=collapsed}}{{PoIgb|Toll End Junction|52.5372|-2.0356|SO976932|Walsall Canal}}{{PoIgb|Toll End Road bridge|52.5367|-2.0387|SO973932}}{{PoIgb|Lock 1|52.5353|-2.0432|SO970930}}{{PoIgb|Lock 2|52.5348|-2.0467|SO968930}}{{PoIgb|Northern terminus of Tipton Green Canal|52.5352|-2.0509|SO965930|}}{{PoIgb|Upper Church Lane bridge on Tipton Green Canal|52.5325|-2.0557|SO962927|}}{{PoIgb|Horseley Ironworks (original site)|52.5338|-2.0517|SO964929|name=Horseley Ironworks}}{{PoIgb|Lock 3|52.5316|-2.0545|SO963926}}{{PoIgb|Lock 4|52.5316|-2.0556|SO962926}}{{PoIgb|Junction with Tipton Green Canal|52.5319|-2.0565|SO961927}}{{PoIgb|Lock 5|52.5304|-2.0593|SO959925|(Tipton Green Canal)}}{{PoIgb|Lock 6|52.5294|-2.0620|SO957924|under Alexander Road bridge (Tipton Green Canal)}}{{PoIgb|Basin|52.5296|-2.0628|SO957924|}}{{PoIgb|Lock 7|52.5291|-2.0633|SO957924|(Tipton Green Canal)}}{{PoIgb|Watery Lane Junction|52.5289|-2.0638|SO956923|BCN New Main Line (Island Line)}}{{PoIgb|Lock 8|52.5291|-2.0633|SO957924|(Tipton Green Canal)}}{{PoIgb|Lock 9|52.5278|-2.0688|SO953922|(Tipton Green Canal)}}{{PoIgb|Lock 10|52.5275|-2.0699|SO952922|under Elliotts Road bridge (Tipton Green Canal)}}{{PoIgb|Tipton Green Junction|52.5275|-2.0701|SO952922|BCN Old Main Line (Tipton Green Canal)}}{{PoIgb end}}{{kml}}See also{{Portal|UK Waterways}}
References1. ^1 {{cite book |last= Hadfield|first= Charles |title= The Canals of the West Midlands|origyear= |edition= Second|year= 1969|publisher= David & Charles|isbn= 0-7153-4660-1}} 2. ^1 {{cite book |last= Broadbridge|first= S. R.|title= The Birmingham Canal Navigations, Vol. 1 1768 - 1846|year= 1974|publisher= David & Charles|isbn= 0-7509-2077-7}} 3. ^{{cite book |last= Pearson|first= Michael|authorlink= |coauthors= |editor= |others= |title=Canal Companion - Birmingham Canal Navigations|year= 1989|publisher= J. M. Pearson & Associates|isbn= 0-907864-49-X}} 4. ^Historical Map of the Birmingham Canals, Richard Dean, M. & M. Baldwin, 1989, {{ISBN|0-947712-08-9}}
7 : Birmingham Canal Navigations|Tipton|Canals in the West Midlands (county)|Transport in Staffordshire|Canals opened in 1805|Canals opened in 1809|1805 establishments in England |
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