“Toker Dam”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Toker Dam

释义

The dam
References

Toker Dam is the fourth largest dam in Eritrea. Construction was begun in 1997 and completed in 2001, despite having to be halted for a few months in 1998 when Ethiopia and Eritrea were at war. Its primary designer was Natural Resources Consulting Engineers from Colorado, USA. Furthermore, NRCE Inc., was the primary consultant on the project. The construction contractor was Keagnam of South Korea.^[1]

The project was designed to provide modern and effective service to the City of Asmara and neighboring villages. It further provides safe drinking water for the local population. The dam is a roller compacted concrete dam, and was one of the highest in sub-Saharan Africa at the time it was built.^[2]

The dam

The dam is 73 metres tall and is composed of {{convert|210000|m3}} of concrete. The upstream face is vertical and the downstream face is sloping, with a central spillway. The reservoir can hold {{convert|17000000|m3}} of water; there is a pumping station at its toe, leading to a water filtration plant. This has a capacity of {{convert|20000|m3}} water per day which is delivered to the city of Asmara's distribution system.^[1]

During construction, the cofferdam was overtopped for about four days during a large flood, when the dam was about one third of its final height. The flood was in excess of the once in a hundred years flood expectation. The contractors had little warning but managed to get most of their equipment away from the critical area before the event struck. The conventional and roller-compacted concrete in the main dam were largely undamaged and construction work was resumed within a fortnight.^[3]

References

1. ^¹{{cite book|author1=Luis Berga|author2=J. M. Buil|author3=C. Jofré|author4=S. Chonggang|title=Roller Compacted Concrete Dams: Proceedings of the IV International Symposium on Roller Compacted Concrete Dams, Madrid, Spain, 17-19 November 2003 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=07w-L_OiFycC&pg=PA283|year=2003|publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-90-5809-564-0 |pages=283–288}}
2. ^{{cite web |url=http://nrce.com/?s=eritrea&submit.x=9&submit.y=13 |title=Adi Nefas Water Treatment Plant and Treated Water Pipeline, Eritrea |publisher=NRCE |accessdate=24 November 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161124222132/http://nrce.com/?s=eritrea&submit.x=9&submit.y=13 |archivedate=24 November 2016 |df= }}
3. ^{{cite web |url= |title=Dams and Extreme Events: Reducing Risk of Aging Infrastructure under Extreme Loading Conditions |work=34th Annual USSD Conference San Francisco, California, April 7-11, 2014 |publisher=USSD |accessdate=24 November 2016}}

2 : Dams in Eritrea|Dams completed in 1997

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