请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 Tom Blundell
释义

  1. Education

  2. Career and research

     Doctoral students and postdocs  Awards and honours 

  3. Personal life

  4. References

{{EngvarB|date=July 2017}}{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}{{for|the New Zealand cricketer|Tom Blundell (cricketer)}}{{Infobox scientist
| name = Sir Tom Blundell
| birth_name = Thomas Leon Blundell
| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|FRS|FRSC|FMedSci|MAE}}
|image = Blundell Tom 280306 crop.jpg
|image_size =
|caption = Sir Tom Blundell in 2006
| birth_date ={{Birth date and age|df=yes|1942|7|7}}[1]
| birth_place = Brighton
| nationality =
| field = {{Plainlist|
  • Structural biology[2]
  • Bioinformatics[2]
  • Biochemistry[2]
  • Drug Discovery[2]}}

| workplaces = {{Plainlist|
  • University of Cambridge
  • University of Oxford
  • University of Sussex
  • Birkbeck, University of London
  • Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
  • Agricultural and Food Research Council
  • Astex}}

| education = Steyning Grammar School
| alma_mater = University of Oxford (BA, DPhil)[1]
| doctoral_advisor = Herbert M Powell[7]
| thesis_title = The determination by X-ray diffraction methods of the crystal and molecular structures of some co-ordination compounds
| thesis_url = https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d48dfcfd-d067-4573-a9bd-af3090b76733
| thesis_year = 1969
| doctoral_students = {{Plainlist|
  • Tim Hubbard[2]
  • Laurence Pearl[3]
  • Andrej Šali[4]
  • Charlotte Deane[5]}}

| notable_students =
| other_names =
| known_for = {{Plainlist|
  • Astex
  • Insulin structure[6]
  • Drug design}}

| prizes = {{Plainlist|
  • Knight Bachelor (1997)
  • EMBO Member (1986)[7]
  • Honorary Doctorates from 16 universities{{fact|date=November 2017}}}}

| spouse = {{marriage|Lady Bancinyane Lynn Sibanda|1987}}[1]
| children = 3: Ricky, Kelesi, Lisa[8]
| website = {{URL|www.bioc.cam.ac.uk/uto/blundell}}}}Sir Thomas Leon Blundell, {{post-nominals|country=GBR|FRS|FRSC|FMedSci|MAE}} (born 7 July 1942) is a British biochemist, structural biologist, and science administrator. He was a member of the team of Dorothy Hodgkin that solved in 1969 the first structure of a protein hormone, insulin.{{fact|date=November 2017}} Blundell has made contributions to the structural biology of polypeptide hormones, growth factors, receptor activation, signal transduction, and DNA double-strand break repair, subjects important in cancer, tuberculosis, and familial diseases.[9] He has developed software for protein modelling and understanding the effects of mutations on protein function, leading to new approaches to structure-guided and Fragment-based lead discovery. In 1999 he co-founded the oncology company Astex Therapeutics, which has moved ten drugs into clinical trials. Blundell has played central roles in restructuring British research councils and, as President of the UK Science Council, in developing professionalism in the practice of science.[10]

Education

Born in Brighton in 1942, Blundell was educated at Steyning Grammar School. He was the first in his family to attend university, winning an Open Scholarship to the University of Oxford. He earned a First Class degree in Natural Sciences in 1964, then moved to research in the Department of Chemical Crystallography, first with Herbert Marcus Powell{{fact|date=November 2017}} FRS for his Doctor of Philosophy degree[11] and later working on insulin with Dorothy Hodgkin.{{fact|date=November 2017}} He was a Junior Research Fellow at Linacre College, University of Oxford, where he is now an Honorary Fellow.

Career and research

Blundell's early posts were at the University of Oxford and the University of Sussex. In 1976, Blundell joined the Department of Crystallography at Birkbeck, University of London, becoming head of department in 1978.

In 1991, while continuing academic research, he moved further into science administration and policy, as Director General of the Agricultural and Food Research Council (1991–94) and then the founding Chief Executive of the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) (1994–1996). He is a former President of the Biosciences Federation (2004–06). In June 2011 he became President of the Science Council.

In 1995 he became the fifth Sir William Dunn Professor of Biochemistry and head of the Department of Biochemistry at the University of Cambridge;[12] he currently also holds the Chair of the School of Biological Sciences at that university. He is a fellow of Sidney Sussex College. His speciality is molecular biology and his research on identifying the chemical processes of diseases has led to the development of drugs to treat Aids, cancer, cataracts and diabetes. He is the co-founder of two drug discovery companies, Astex Technology Ltd and Biofabrika.

On 15 September 2010, Blundell, along with 54 other public figures, signed an open letter published in The Guardian, stating their opposition to Pope Benedict XVI's state visit to the UK.[13]

Blundell has been active on environmental issues, first as Chair of the Planning Committee of the Oxford City Council (1970–73), during the time when it stopped the building of a motorway through the city centre, pedestrianised much of the historic centre, and made North Oxford a conservation area. From 1998 to 2005 he was Chair of the Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution,[14] when he oversaw the production of key reports such as those on Energy – the Changing Climate, Chemicals in Products – Safeguarding the Environment and Human Health, and Turning the Tide: Addressing the Impact of Fisheries on the Marine Environment.[15] He is a Distinguished Member of Humanists UK.[16]

Blundell's research interests lie in elucidating the architecture and function of macromolecules and their multi-component assemblies using methods from biochemistry, protein crystallography, and bioinformatics, with the objectives of understanding biological function, of knowledge-based prediction of structure, and of discovering new therapeutics for cancer and tuberculosis.[17][9] Systems studied include DNA repair, hormones, growth factors and hormone/receptor interactions, cellular signalling, crystallins (lens proteins), renin and HIV protease. He has contributed 235 crystal structures to the worldwide Protein Data Bank (accessed 3/3/16). At least seven of the Molecule-of-the-Month features at the RCSB site of the worldwide Protein Databank have featured molecular structures solved and studied by the Blundell lab, such as the glucagon hormone shown at left in David Goodsell's drawing,[18][19] nerve growth factor,[20][21] the RAD51-BRCA2 DNA recombination complex,[22][23] and the DNA ligase shown at right.[24][25] His group has written several broadly used bioinformatics programs.[26][27][28][29] He co-authored a textbook on protein crystallography with Louise Johnson,[30] which was translated into French and Russian.

Doctoral students and postdocs

Blundell has supervised numerous Doctor of Philosophy students and postdoctoral researchers in his lab including Tim Hubbard,[2] Laurence Pearl,[3] Andrej Šali,[4] and Charlotte Deane.

Awards and honours

Blundell was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1984.[42] His nomination reads: {{centred pull quote|Professor of Crystallography, Birkbeck College, University of London. Distinguished for his work on crystal and molecular structures and biochemistry of protein hormones, enzymes, and proteins of the eye lens. He had an outstanding part in solution of the insulin crystal structure. He has related his structure for glucagon to receptor binding of this hormone. In chemically modified insulins he has studied structure-function relationships and he has proposed a model for the evolution of insulin. His work on avian pancreatic polypeptide, the acid proteinases from mammals and fungi and the proteins of the eye lens is characterised by similar extensive detail from which he disects [sic] important structural relationships and derives principles and guides on protein evolution and hormone (especially growth hormone) function.[31]}}

Blundell became one of the first fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences in 1998.[32] He was elected a member of the European Molecular Biology Organisation (EMBO) in 1985;[7] A member of the Academia Europaea in 1993;{{fact|date=November 2017}} Founding Member, Academy of Medical Sciences 1999. International recognition has come in his election as a Foreign Member of the Indian National Science Academy,{{fact|date=November 2017}} the Chilean Academy{{fact|date=November 2017}} and The World Academy of Sciences TWAS.{{fact|date=November 2017}}

Blundell has received numerous awards and medals, including the Alcon Award for Vision Research in 1986; Gold Medal, Institute of Biotechnology in 1987; Krebs Medal FEBS 1987; Ciba Medal, Biochemical Society in 1988; Feldberg Prize in Biology and Medicine in 1988; Gold Medal, Society of Chemical Industry in 1996; First Recipient, Pfizer European Prize for Innovation in 1998 and Bernal Lecture, Royal Society 1998.[33] Most recently he received the 2013 Biochemical Society Award and Cambridge University Science Prize called the Philosophical Society Fellows Prize & Lecture 2014.{{fact|date=November 2017}} He has been President, UK Biosciences Federation (2003–2009); President, Biochemical Society (2009–2011); and President, UK Science Council (since 2011).

Blundell's contributions were recognised by a knighthood in 1997. He has been awarded Honorary Doctorate degrees from 16 universities and was interviewed by Kirsty Young on the BBC Radio 4 programme Desert Island Discs in 2007 [34].

Personal life

Blundell married Lady Bancinyane Lynn Sibanda in 1987[1] and has three children.[8]

References

1. ^1 2 3 {{Who's Who | surname = Blundell | othernames =Sir Thomas Leon, (Sir Tom) | id = U7914 | author=Anon|doi=10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U7914|year = 2015 | edition = online Oxford University Press}} {{subscription required}}
2. ^1 {{cite thesis |degree=PhD |first=Timothy John Philip|last=Hubbard |title=The design, expression and characterisation of a novel protein |publisher=University of London |year=1988 |url=http://catalogue.libraries.london.ac.uk/record=b1582475|website=london.ac.uk|authorlink=Tim Hubbard|oclc=940320228|id={{Copac| 29528696}}}}
3. ^1 {{cite thesis |degree=PhD |first=Laurence|last=Pearl |title=Crystallographic studies of endothiapepsin |publisher=London, Birkbeck College |year=1991 |url=http://catalogue.libraries.london.ac.uk/record=b1528581|website=london.ac.uk|oclc=1000934521}}
4. ^1 {{cite thesis |degree=PhD |first=Andrej|last=Sali |title=Modelling three-dimensional structure of a protein from its amino acid sequence |publisher=London, Birkbeck College |year=1984 |url=http://catalogue.libraries.london.ac.uk/record=b1602363|website=london.ac.uk|oclc=500526292|id={{EThOS|uk.bl.ethos.415316}}}}
5. ^{{cite thesis |degree=PhD |first=Charlotte|last=Deane |title=Protein structure prediction: amino acid propensities and comparative modelling|year=2000 |url=http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.598479|id={{EThOS|uk.bl.ethos.598479}}}}
6. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Blundell | first1 = T.| authorlink1 = Tom Blundell | last2 = Cutfield | first2 = J. | last3 = Cutfield | first3 = S. | last4 = Dodson | first4 = E. | last5 = Dodson | first5 = G. | last6 = Hodgkin | first6 = D. | last7 = Mercola | first7 = D. | last8 = Vijayan | first8 = M. | title = Atomic positions in rhombohedral 2-zinc insulin crystals | journal = Nature | volume = 231 | issue = 5304 | pages = 506–511 | year = 1971 | pmid = 4932997|bibcode = 1971Natur.231..506B |doi = 10.1038/231506a0 }}
7. ^1 {{cite web|author=Anon|year=1996|location=Heidelberg|publisher=European Molecular Biology Organization|url=https://people.embo.org/profile/tom-l-blundell|website=people.embo.org|title=Tom L. Blundell}}
8. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://medium.com/this-cambridge-life/the-multi-talented-scientist-who-finds-inspiration-in-far-flung-places-92f9beba30dc|title=The multi-talented scientist who finds inspiration in far-flung places|first=University of|last=Cambridge|date=29 March 2018|website=Medium.com|accessdate=3 July 2018}}
9. ^1 {{Scopus id}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=https://humanism.org.uk/about/our-people/distinguished-supporters/sir-tom-blundell/|title = Professor Sir Tom Blundell FRS FMedSci|publisher= British Humanist Association|accessdate=22 March 2014}}
11. ^1 {{cite thesis |degree=DPhil |first=Tom|last=Blundell |title=The Determination by X-Ray diffraction methods of the crystal and molecular structures of some co-ordination compounds : a study of the stereochemistry of pentaco-ordination |publisher=University of Oxford |id={{Copac| 34750152 }}|date=1967 |url=https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d48dfcfd-d067-4573-a9bd-af3090b76733 |website=ora.ox.ac.uk |oclc= |doi= |hdl=}} {{open access}}
12. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Šali | first1 = A. | last2 = Blundell | first2 = T. L. | authorlink2 = Tom Blundell | doi = 10.1006/jmbi.1993.1626 | title = Comparative Protein Modelling by Satisfaction of Spatial Restraints | journal = Journal of Molecular Biology | volume = 234 | issue = 3 | pages = 779–815 | year = 1993 | pmid = 8254673}}
13. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/15/harsh-judgments-on-pope-religion|title=Letters: Harsh judgments on the pope and religion|work=The Guardian|accessdate=16 September 2010 | location=London | date=15 September 2010}}
14. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.rcep.org.uk |title=Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution|website=Rcep.org.uk|accessdate=3 July 2018}}
15. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.rcep.org.uk/reports/25-marine/documents/Turningthetide.pdf |title=Turning the Tide (RCEP report #25)|website=Rcep.org.uk|accessdate=3 July 2018}}
16. ^{{cite web |url=http://humanism.org.uk/about/our-people/distinguished-supporters/sir-tom-blundell |title=British Humanist Association – Distinguished supporters:Sir Tom Blundell}}
17. ^1 2 3 4 {{Google scholar id}}
18. ^{{Cite journal |author=Sasaki K, Dockerill, Adamiak DA, Tickle IJ, Blundell TL |title=X-ray analysis of glucagon and its relationship to receptor binding |year=1975 |journal=Nature |volume=257 |pages=751–757 |doi=10.1038/257751a0|bibcode=1975Natur.257..751S }}
19. ^{{Cite web| url=http://pdb101.rcsb.org/motm/184|title=Glucagon Molecule-of-the-Month|website=Pdb101.rcsb.org|accessdate=3 July 2018}}
20. ^{{cite journal|last1=McDonald|first1=Neil Q.|last2=Lapatto|first2=Risto|last3=Rust|first3=Judith Murray|last4=Gunning|first4=Jennifer|last5=Wlodawer|first5=Alexander|last6=Blundell|first6=Tom L.|title=New protein fold revealed by a 2.3-Å resolution crystal structure of nerve growth factor|journal=Nature|volume=354|issue=6352|year=1991|pages=411–414|issn=0028-0836|doi=10.1038/354411a0|bibcode=1991Natur.354..411M}}
21. ^{{Cite web| url=http://pdb101.rcsb.org/motm/68|title=Neurotrophins Molecule-of-the-Month|website=Pdb101.rcsb.org|accessdate=3 July 2018}}
22. ^{{Cite journal |vauthors=Pellegrini L, Yu DS, Anand S, Lee M, Blundell TL, Venkitaraman AR |title=Insights into DNA recombination from the structure of a RAD51-BRCA2 complex |year=2002 |journal=Nature |volume=420 |pages=287–293 |doi=10.1038/nature01230 |pmid=12442171|bibcode=2002Natur.420..287P }}
23. ^{{Cite web| url=http://pdb101.rcsb.org/motm/172|title=RecA and Rad51 Molecule-of-the-Month|website=Pdb101.rcsb.org|accessdate=3 July 2018}}
24. ^{{Cite journal |vauthors=Ochi T, Gu X, Blundell TL |title=Structure of the catalytic region of DNA ligase IV in complex with an artemis fragment sheds light on double-strand break repair |year=2013 |journal=Structure |volume=21 |pages=672–679 |doi=10.1016/j.str.2013.02.014 |pmid=23523427 |pmc=3664939}}
25. ^{{Cite web| url=http://pdb101.rcsb.org/motm/55|title=DNA ligase Molecule-of-the-Month|website=Pdb101.rcsb.org|accessdate=3 July 2018}}
26. ^{{Cite journal | pmid = 23203986| pmc = 3531217| year = 2013| author1 = Lewis| first1 = T. E.| title = Genome3D: A UK collaborative project to annotate genomic sequences with predicted 3D structures based on SCOP and CATH domains| journal = Nucleic Acids Research| volume = 41| issue = Database issue| pages = D499-507| last2 = Sillitoe| first2 = I| last3 = Andreeva| first3 = A| last4 = Blundell| first4 = T. L.| last5 = Buchan| first5 = D. W.| last6 = Chothia| first6 = C| authorlink6 = Cyrus Chothia| last7 = Cuff| first7 = A| last8 = Dana| first8 = J. M.| last9 = Filippis| first9 = I| last10 = Gough| first10 = J| authorlink10 = Julian Gough (scientist)| last11 = Hunter| first11 = S| last12 = Jones| first12 = D. T.| last13 = Kelley| first13 = L. A.| last14 = Kleywegt| first14 = G. J.| authorlink14 = Gerard Kleywegt| last15 = Minneci| first15 = F| last16 = Mitchell| first16 = A| last17 = Murzin| first17 = A. G.| last18 = Ochoa-Montaño| first18 = B| last19 = Rackham| first19 = O. J.| last20 = Smith| first20 = J| last21 = Sternberg| first21 = M. J.| authorlink21 = Michael Sternberg| last22 = Velankar| first22 = S| last23 = Yeats| first23 = C| last24 = Orengo| first24 = C| doi = 10.1093/nar/gks1266}}
27. ^{{Cite journal | pmid = 25348407| year = 2015| author1 = Lewis| first1 = T. E.| title = Genome3D: Exploiting structure to help users understand their sequences| journal = Nucleic Acids Research| volume = 43| issue = Database issue| pages = D382-6| last2 = Sillitoe| first2 = I| last3 = Andreeva| first3 = A| last4 = Blundell| first4 = T. L.| last5 = Buchan| first5 = D. W.| last6 = Chothia| first6 = C| authorlink6 = Cyrus Chothia| last7 = Cozzetto| first7 = D| last8 = Dana| first8 = J. M.| last9 = Filippis| first9 = I| last10 = Gough| first10 = J| authorlink10 = Julian Gough (scientist)| last11 = Jones| first11 = D. T.| last12 = Kelley| first12 = L. A.| last13 = Kleywegt| first13 = G. J.| authorlink13 = Gerard Kleywegt| last14 = Minneci| first14 = F| last15 = Mistry| first15 = J| last16 = Murzin| first16 = A. G.| last17 = Ochoa-Montaño| first17 = B| last18 = Oates| first18 = M. E.| last19 = Punta| first19 = M| last20 = Rackham| first20 = O. J.| last21 = Stahlhacke| first21 = J| last22 = Sternberg| first22 = M. J.| authorlink22 = Michael Sternberg| last23 = Velankar| first23 = S| last24 = Orengo| first24 = C| doi = 10.1093/nar/gku973 | pmc=4384030}}
28. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Mizuguchi | first1 = K. | last2 = Deane | first2 = C. M. | last3 = Blundell | first3 = T. L. | authorlink3 = Tom Blundell | last4 = Overington | first4 = J. P. | title = HOMSTRAD: A database of protein structure alignments for homologous families | doi = 10.1002/pro.5560071126 | journal = Protein Science | volume = 7 | issue = 11 | pages = 2469–2471 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9828015| pmc =2143859 }}
29. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Shi | first1 = J. | last2 = Blundell | first2 = T. L. | authorlink2 = Tom Blundell | last3 = Mizuguchi | first3 = K. | doi = 10.1006/jmbi.2001.4762 | title = FUGUE: Sequence-structure homology recognition using environment-specific substitution tables and structure-dependent gap penalties | journal = Journal of Molecular Biology | volume = 310 | issue = 1 | pages = 243–257 | year = 2001 | pmid = 11419950}}
30. ^{{citation |vauthors=Blundell TL, Johnson LN |title=Protein Crystallography |year=1976 |publisher=Academic Press |ISBN=0121083500}}
31. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://collections.royalsociety.org/DServe.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqCmd=show.tcl&dsqSearch=(RefNo==%27EC%2F1984%2F03%27) |title=EC/1984/03: Blundell, Sir Thomas Leon |publisher=Royal Society |website=royalsociety.org |author=Anon |year=1984 |archivedate=2 June 2014 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Q1y58KsW?url=https://collections.royalsociety.org/DServe.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini |location=London |access-date=13 June 2014 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
32. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.acmedsci.ac.uk/p59fid202.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=6 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001084810/http://www.acmedsci.ac.uk/p59fid202.html |archive-date=1 October 2006 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}
33. ^{{cite web|title=Past medals, awards and prize lectures|url=https://royalsociety.org/grants-schemes-awards/awards/past-awards/|website=royalsociety.org|accessdate=4 October 2017|language=en-gb}}
34. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/features/desert-island-discs/castaway/9016cb56|title=Kirsty Young's castaway this week is the leading scientist Professor Sir Tom Blundell|website=Bbc.co.uk|accessdate=3 July 2018}}
{{Authority control}}{{s-start}}{{s-aca}}{{succession box|title=Sir William Dunn Professor of Biochemistry, Cambridge University|years=1995–2009|before=Hans Kornberg|after=Gerard Evan}}{{s-gov}}{{s-bef | before = -}}{{s-ttl | title = CEO of the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council | years = 1994–1996}}{{s-aft | after = Ray Baker}}{{S-end}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Blundell, Tom}}

17 : Living people|1942 births|Academics of Birkbeck, University of London|Bioinformaticians|British biochemists|English biophysicists|Fellows of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge|Fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences|Fellows of the Royal Society|Fellows of the Royal Society of Chemistry|Foreign Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy|Knights Bachelor|Members of the European Molecular Biology Organization|Members of Academia Europaea|People from Brighton|People educated at Steyning Grammar School|Alumni of Brasenose College, Oxford
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/9/24 3:28:58